@article {58164, title = {Stridulatory Character of Ducetia japonica Thunberg}, year = {2000}, abstract = {

The sound of Ducetia japonica Thunberg consists of three stages, initial stage, low tide stage and high tide stage. In sound spectra of song, the main peak freguency of low tide stage is 1. 4 kHZ, that of high tide stage is 1. 8 kHZ. The secondary peak freguency of loW tide stage is 2. 4 kHZ, that of high tide stage is 1. 6 kHZ.

}, keywords = {Ducetia japonica, oscillogram, spectrum, stridulatary character}, author = {Yang Peilin and Chang Yanlin and Lu Rongsheng} } @article {52555, title = {Red-eyed Vireo}, journal = {The Birds of North America}, volume = {527}, year = {2000}, author = {David A. Cimprich and Frank R. Moore and Michael P. Guilfoyle} } @article {47861, title = {The control of carrier frequency in cricket calls: a refutation of the subalar-tegminal resonance/auditory feedback model.}, journal = {J Exp Biol}, volume = {203}, year = {2000}, month = {2000 Feb}, pages = {585-96}, abstract = {

The subalar-tegminal resonance/auditory feedback hypothesis attempts to explain how crickets control the carrier frequency (f(C)), the loudness and the spectral purity of their calls. This model contrasts with the \&$\#$39;clockwork cricket\&$\#$39; or escapement model by proposing that f(C) is not controlled by the resonance of the cricket\&$\#$39;s radiators (the harps) but is instead controlled neurally. It suggests that crickets are capable of driving their harps to vibrate at any frequency and that they use a tunable Helmholtz-like resonator consisting of the tegmina and the air within the subalar space to amplify and filter the f(C). This model predicts that f(C) is variable, that call loudness is related to tegminal position (and subalar volume) and that low-density gases should cause f(C) to increase. In Anurogryllus arboreus, f(C) is not constant and varied by as much as 0.8 \% between pulses. Within each sound pulse, the average f(C) typically decreased from the first to the last third of a sound pulse by 9 \%. When crickets called in a mixture of heliox and air, f(C) increased 1.07- to 1.14-fold above the value in air. However, if the subalar space were part of a Helmholtz-like resonator, then its resonant frequency should have increased by 40-50 \%. Moreover, similar increases occurred in species that lack a subalar space (oecanthines). Experimental reduction of the subalar volume of singing crickets resulted neither in a change in f(C) nor in a change in loudness. Nor did crickets attempt to restore the subalar volume to its original value. These results disprove the presence of a subalar-tegminal resonator. The free resonance of freshly excised Gryllus rubens tegmina shifted by 1.09-fold when moved between air and a mixture of helium and air. Auditory feedback cannot be the cause of this shift, which is similar to the f(C) shifts in intact individuals of other species. Calculations show that the harp is 3.9-1.8 times more massive than the air that moves en masse with the vibrating harps. Replacing air with heliox-air lowers the mass of the vibrating system sufficiently to account for the f(C) shifts. These results re-affirm the \&$\#$39;clockwork cricket\&$\#$39; (escapement) hypothesis. However, as realized by others, the harps should be viewed as narrow-band variable-frequency oscillators whose tuning may be controlled by factors that vary the effective mass.

}, keywords = {acoustic stimulation, animal vocalization, Animals, biological models, feedback, Gryllidae, male, vibration}, issn = {0022-0949}, author = {Prestwich, K N and Lenihan, K M and Martin, D M} } @article {47653, title = {Bush-Crickets, Grasshoppers \& Allied Insects. A provisional atalas for Northamptonshire and the Soke of Peterborough}, journal = {Wildlife of Northamptonshire and the Soke of Peterborough}, year = {2000}, pages = {12-32}, chapter = {12}, author = {Adrian Colston} } @article {16466, title = {Acoustic preference functions and song variability in the Hawaiian cricket Laupala cerasina}, journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences}, volume = {267}, year = {2000}, month = {Oct-03-2001}, pages = {577 - 584}, abstract = {

Female preference functions for di\¡erent sexual traits can di\¡er signi\¢cantly, from {\textquoteleft}unimodal\’ to {\textquoteleft}open ended\’. Through the study of acoustic communication in anurans, several studies have reported an association between static (stereotyped) traits versus dynamic (variable) traits and preference function shape (unimodal versus open ended, respectively). Observing a similar pattern in a phylogenetically independent group would suggest that deterministic forces have caused a relationship between signal variability and preference function shape in acoustic signalling systems. We examined this phenomenon in crickets, another animal characterized by intersexual acoustic communication. We measured the within- male variability for three acoustic features of the male calling song in Laupala cerasina and the corresponding shape of the female preference function for each of these features. We o\¡er support for the generalization that open-ended preference functions correspond to relatively dynamic courtship traits and unimodal preference functions correspond to relatively static courtship traits. We discuss the evolutionary signi\¢cance of these \¢ndings in the context of the natural history of the Laupala species radiation.

}, keywords = {acoustic communication, crickets, mate recognition, preference, sexual selection, song}, issn = {0962-8452}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2000.1040}, url = {http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/cgi/doi/10.1098/rspb.2000.1040}, author = {Shaw, K. L. and Herlihy, D. P.} } @article {15287, title = {A comparative study of ultrasound-triggered behaviour in tiger beetles (Cicindelidae)}, journal = {Journal of Zoology}, volume = {251}, year = {2000}, month = {Jan-07-2000}, pages = {355 - 368}, abstract = {

This study examines the behavioural responses to ultrasound in 52 species from the family Cicindelidae using both tethered \Øight and non-\Øight assays. Tethered \Øying tiger beetles respond to trains of bat-like ultrasonic pulses with a short-latency, multi-component behaviour. There was no variation in the nature of the behavioural responses regardless of geographical distribution or phylogenetic position. Lowest mean behavioural thresholds lie predominantly between 30 and 45 kHz. Sensitivity, however, varies widely, and several species do not respond at all in these assays. The lowest thresholds for responders are most often between 70 and 80 dB SPL. Almost all subgenera of North American tiger beetles in the genus Cicindela have at least some species with low-threshold acoustic behaviour. The single exception is the large subgenus Cicindela where all species are completely unresponsive or have very high thresholds. There was little relationship between habitat and responsiveness to ultrasound, but there is a strong correlation with seasonal activity \± species with adults active in the spring and autumn (all in the subgenus Cicindela )do not show ultrasound-triggered behaviour whereas summer-active species generally do. Superimposing these data on a current phylogeny of the North American tiger beetles suggests that acoustic behaviour (and hearing) is a shared primitive trait among the taxa examined here and that there have been at least \Æve independent losses of this character.

}, keywords = {Cicindela, defensive behaviour, evolution, insect hearing, phylogeny}, issn = {0952-8369}, doi = {10.1111/jzo.2000.251.issue-310.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01086.x}, url = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/toc/jzo/251/3}, author = {Yager, David D. and Cook, Aaron P. and Pearson, David L. and Spangler, Hayward G.} } @article {13434, title = {Reproductive Character Displacement and Speciation in Periodical Cicaadas with Description of a New Species, 13-Year Magicicada neotredecim}, journal = {Evolution}, volume = {54}, year = {2000}, month = {Jan-08-2000}, pages = {1313 - 1325}, issn = {0014-3820}, doi = {10.1111/evo.2000.54.issue-410.1111/j.0014-3820.2000.tb00564.x}, url = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/toc/evo/54/4}, author = {Marshall, David C. and Cooley, John R.} } @book {12037, title = {Katydids of Costa Rica: Vol. 1. Systematics and bioacoustics of the cone-head katydids}, year = {2000}, pages = {164 + CD}, publisher = {The Orthopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, organization = {The Orthopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, address = {Philadelphia} }