@article {58055, title = {MATE CHOICE IN TREE CRICKETS AND THEIR KIN}, year = {1999}, abstract = {

Mate choice theory has become a major field of research in behavioral ecology. Tree crickets provide excellent opportunities for studying the diversity and variability of mate choice. The evidence for female mate choice in tree crickets is reviewed, and broad comparisons with other orthopteran groups are made. The evidence shows that female choice may occur during several different stages of mating and may target several different criteria. Song preferences are perhaps dominated by stabilizing preferences for the cues of species recognition, but there is a growing body of evidence for directional preferences based on sensory biases or mate quality. Mate rejection during courtship and forms of postcopulatory choice may favor males, based both on phenotypic quality and on the amount of nutritious courtship gifts they provide, and may differ with the value of mating incentives. Understanding the balance and trade-offs between different forms of mate choice may help in understanding their evolutionary causes.

}, keywords = {courtship feeding, Female choice, Gryllidae, Orthoptera, sexual selection}, doi = {10.1146/annurev.ento.44.1.371}, url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.ento.44.1.371}, author = {Brown, W. D.} } @article {58027, title = {Diversity of acoustic tracheal system and its role for directional hearing in crickets}, year = {2013}, abstract = {

Background: Sound localization in small insects can be a challenging task due to physical constraints in deriving sufficiently large interaural intensity differences (IIDs) between both ears. In crickets, sound source localization is achieved by a complex type of pressure difference receiver consisting of four potential sound inputs. Sound acts on the external side of two tympana but additionally reaches the internal tympanal surface via two external sound entrances. Conduction of internal sound is realized by the anatomical arrangement of connecting trachea. A key structure is a trachea coupling both ears which is characterized by an enlarged part in its midline (i.e., the acoustic vesicle) accompanied with a thin membrane (septum). This facilitates directional sensitivity despite an unfavorable relationship between wavelength of sound and body size. Here we studied the morphological differences of the acoustic tracheal system in 40 cricket species (Gryllidae, Mogoplistidae) and species of outgroup taxa (Gryllotalpidae, Rhaphidophoridae, Gryllacrididae) of the suborder Ensifera comprising hearing and non hearing species.

Results: We found a surprisingly high variation of acoustic tracheal systems and almost all investigated species using intraspecific acoustic communication were characterized by an acoustic vesicle associated with a medial septum. The relative size of the acoustic vesicle - a structure most crucial for deriving high IIDs - implies an important role for sound localization. Most remarkable in this respect was the size difference of the acoustic vesicle between species; those with a more unfavorable ratio of body size to sound wavelength tend to exhibit a larger acoustic vesicle. On the other hand, secondary loss of acoustic signaling was nearly exclusively associated with the absence of both acoustic vesicle and septum.

Conclusion: The high diversity of acoustic tracheal morphology observed between species might reflect different steps in the evolution of the pressure difference receiver; with a precursor structure already present in ancestral non-hearing species. In addition, morphological transitions of the acoustic vesicle suggest a possible adaptive role for the generation of binaural directional cues.

}, keywords = {Acoustic tracheal system, cricket, directional hearing, Interaural intensity difference (IID), Pressure difference receiver, Sound localization}, doi = {10.1186/1742-9994-10-61}, url = {http://frontiersinzoology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1742-9994-10-61}, author = {Schmidt, Arne KD and R{\"o}mer, Heiner} } @article {58010, title = {A Tympanal Insect Ear Exploits a Critical Oscillator for Active Amplification and Tuning}, journal = {Current Biology}, volume = {23}, year = {2013}, month = {Jan-10-2013}, pages = {1952 - 1957}, abstract = {

A dominant theme of acoustic communication is the partitioning of acoustic space into exclusive, species-specific niches to enable efficient information transfer. In insects, acoustic niche partitioning is achieved through auditory frequency filtering, brought about by the mechanical properties of their ears [1]. The tuning of the antennal ears of mosquitoes [2] and flies [3], however, arises from active amplification, a process similar to that at work in the mammalian cochlea [4]. Yet, the presence of active amplification in the other type of insect ears\—tympanal ears\—has remained uncertain [5]. Here we demonstrate the presence of active amplification and adaptive tuning in the tympanal ear of a phylogenetically basal insect, a tree cricket. We also show that the tree cricket exploits critical oscillator-like mechanics, enabling high auditory sensitivity and tuning to conspecific songs. These findings imply that sophisticated auditory mechanisms may have appeared even earlier in the evolution of hearing and acoustic communication than currently appreciated. Our findings also raise the possibility that frequency discrimination and directional hearing in tympanal systems may rely on physiological nonlinearities, in addition to mechanical properties, effectively lifting some of the physical constraints placed on insects by their small size [6] and prompting an extensive reexamination of invertebrate audition.

}, issn = {09609822}, doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2013.08.028}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960982213010348https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0960982213010348?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0960982213010348?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Mhatre, Natasha and Daniel Robert} } @conference {57991, title = {Sound reception and radiation in a small insect}, booktitle = {Acoustics 2012}, year = {2012}, address = {Nantes, France}, abstract = {

Insects are small; this is a fact of their life. In some contexts this is an advantage, such as insects do not injure themselves through the effects of gravity. In other contexts this is a disadvantage, especially in the context of sound production and reception. The wavelengths of sound that insects such as crickets produce and receive are several times larger than their body size. For sound production, this is particularly challenging and inefficient, as sub-wavelength radiation (size to lambda ratio\ \>\ 1:100) requires great energy expenditure to produce sufficient sound pressure. In receiving sound, they face the reciprocal problem and are inefficient receivers. In addition,\  because of their size they cannot rely on cues other animals use to detect the direction of sound. Nonetheless, sound is extremely important to these insects as they use it for mate attraction and to evade predators. We investigate this problem by combining the technique of microscanning laser Doppler vibrometry with finite element modelling; and explain some of the biomechanical tricks a tiny tree cricket uses to overcome the disadvantages of size.

}, author = {Mhatre, Natasha and Montealegre-Z, Fernando and Rohini Balakrishnan and Daniel Robert} } @article {57886, title = {Matching sender and receiver: poikilothermy and frequency tuning in a tree cricket}, year = {2011}, abstract = {

Animals communicate in non-ideal and noisy conditions. The primary method they use to improve communication efficiency is sender-receiver matching: the receiver\&$\#$39;s sensory mechanism filters the impinging signal based on the expected signal. In the context of acoustic communication in crickets, such a match is made in the frequency domain. The males broadcast a mate attraction signal, the calling song, in a narrow frequency band centred on the carrier frequency (CF), and the females are most sensitive to sound close to this frequency. In tree crickets, however, the CF changes with temperature. The mechanisms used by female tree crickets to accommodate this change in CF were investigated at the behavioural and biomechanical level. At the behavioural level, female tree crickets were broadly tuned and responded equally to CFs produced within the naturally occurring range of temperatures (18 to 27\°C). To allow such a broad response, however, the transduction mechanisms that convert sound into mechanical and then neural signals must also have a broad response. The tympana of the female tree crickets exhibited a frequency response that was even broader than suggested by the behaviour. Their tympana vibrate with equal amplitude to frequencies spanning nearly an order of magnitude. Such a flat frequency response is unusual in biological systems and cannot be modelled as a simple mechanical system. This feature of the tree cricket auditory system not only has interesting implications for mate choice and species isolation but may also prove exciting for bio-mimetic applications such as the design of miniature low frequency microphones.

}, keywords = {frequency tuning, hearing, Oecanthinae, tree crickets}, doi = {10.1242/jeb.057612}, url = {http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/doi/10.1242/jeb.057612https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1242/jeb.057612}, author = {Mhatre, N. and Bhattacharya, M. and Daniel Robert and Rohini Balakrishnan} } @article {57368, title = {Oecanthus mhatreae sp. nov. (Gryllidae: Oecanthinae): A new species of tree cricket from Mexico, with an irregular song pattern and unique chirp-like trill configuration}, journal = {Journal of Orthoptera Research}, volume = {28}, year = {2019}, month = {Apr-08-2021}, pages = {137 - 143}, abstract = {

A new species of Oecanthus is described from Mexico. Oecanthus mhatreae sp. nov. occurs in central Mexico in the understory of tropical deciduous forest. Oecanthus mhatreae sp. nov. is currently known only from the Corregidora area of the Mexican state of Quer\étaro. The widened tegmina and chirp-like brief trills song are consistent with some members of the rileyi species group; however, this new species of tree cricket is different in several aspects. The chirp-like brief trills are generally irregularly spaced, it does not have the expected grouping of the chirp pulses, and the colors of buff, light olive green, or light brown are vastly different than the four known pale green species in the rileyi species group of the Western Hemisphere. Morphology, habitat, and song details of this new species, with the common name of Otomi tree cricket, are provided in this paper. Video can be viewed at www.oecanthinae.com.

}, issn = {1082-6467}, doi = {10.3897/jor.28.33781}, url = {https://jor.pensoft.net/article/33781}, author = {Collins, Nancy and Coronado Gonz{\'a}lez, Isabel Margarita and Govaerts, Bruno Victor Alfons} } @article {53366, title = {Tree cricket baffles are manufactured tools}, journal = {Ethology}, volume = {124}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-09-2018}, pages = {691 - 693}, abstract = {

Tree crickets use sound to attract mates and make acoustic baffles to increase their sound production efficiency. It has been recently discovered that these insects use a flexible yet inherited behavioural programme to make acoustically optimal baffles. Whether these baffles qualify as tools, however, remains controversial. Here, baffle-using and baffle-making behaviours are analysed using the most current and authoritative definition of tool use. The current definition of tool use does not require the tool to be detached from the substrate and includes attached but manipulable external objects. Given this schema, tree cricket baffles, which are attached but manipulated prior to use, must be considered tools. The mode of manufacture for a baffle is \“Subtract,\” and the mode of use is \“Drape\”.

}, doi = {10.1111/eth.2018.124.issue-910.1111/eth.12773}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/eth.2018.124.issue-9}, author = {Mhatre, Natasha}, editor = {Bertram, S.} } @article {53142, title = {Acoustic communication and baffling behaviors of crickets}, journal = {The Florida Entomologist}, volume = {65}, year = {1982}, pages = {33{\textendash}44}, author = {Forrest, TG} } @article {47881, title = {Effects of temperature on chirp rates of tree crickets (Orthoptera: Oecanthidae)}, journal = {African Zoology}, volume = {27}, year = {1992}, pages = {70-73}, chapter = {70}, abstract = {

The relationship between temperature and chirp rate is described for three African tree crickets, Oecanthus capensis, O. karschi and O. sycomorus. Knowledge of the variation in chirp rates of O. karschi and O. capensis makes it possible to discriminate between the songs of these species with a stopwatch. Their songs can also be used to estimate air temperature. When signals like cricket songs change with temperature, the response may also be affected. Some problems associated with temperature dependant communication systems are discussed.

}, author = {Toms, Robert B.} } @article {47792, title = {Bioacoustic studies on some cricket species (Insecta:Orthoptera: Gryllidae) from Romania}, journal = {Analele Ştiinţifice ale Universităţii {\quotedblbase}Al. I. Cuza{\textquotedblright} Iaşi, s. Biologie animală}, volume = {LIV}, year = {2008}, pages = {57-64}, chapter = {57}, abstract = {

There are 9 cricket species known from Romania belonging to the family Gryllidae. The ordinary stridulation of 7 species of those has been analyzed in this paper. The species belonging to the subfamily Gryllinae: Gryllus campestris, Acheta domestica, Melanogryllus desertus, Modicogryllus frontalis and Modicogryllus truncatus stridulate especially in the afternoon and in the evening, rarely during daytime, meanwhile the species Pteronemobius heydenii from the subfamily Nemobiinae stridulate only during daytime and especially by sunny weather, while the only species belonging to the subfamily Oecanthinae from our country fauna, Oecanthus pellucens, stridulate at night, very rarely during daytime (mostly in autumn). Details of the stridulatory vein and identification criteria for the studied cricket species are presented in this paper; also we have annalysed the spectrograms and the oscillograms for the ordinary stridulation of the 7 species. The species Modicogryllus truncatus, collected at Mărăşeşti, is a new report for Moldavia.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, crickets, oscillogram, spectrogram}, author = {Ionut Stefan Iorgu and Gheorghe Mustata} } @article {47769, title = {Ultrasubharmonic resonance and nonlinear dynamics in the song of Oecanthus nigricornis F. Walker (Orthoptera : Gryllidae)}, journal = {International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology}, volume = {22}, year = {1993}, month = {Jan-04-1993}, pages = {217 - 231}, abstract = {

In the few cricket species that have been studied, there is a 1 : 1 relationship between carrier frequency and tooth-strike rate in normal song. However, for the vast majority of cricket species that relationship remains unknown. In the tree cricket, Oecanthus nigricornis F. Walker (Orthoptera : Gryllidae : Oecanthinae), the carrier frequency of the song normally equals the tooth-strike rate; rarely, the two are different and phase-locked in ultrasubharmonic ratios, such as 4 : 3 or 5 : 4. Sometimes, both frequencies are simultaneously present, giving rise to acoustic beats with 2 sharp frequency peaks related by similar ratios. The above phenomena were artificially induced in normal live singing crickets by experimental modification of one or both tegmina: beats arise when one of the tegmina vibrates at the tooth-strike frequency, while the other vibrates at the ultrasubharmonic frequency. A mathematical model is presented of the Oecanthus tegminal resonator, consisting of 2 simple coupled differential equations, one of them with a nonlinear restoring term. Integration of the model at various values of tooth-strike rate and exciting force, yields all of the observed phenomena, including normal and ultrasubharmonic output frequencies as well as beats between them. The resulting waveforms and acoustic spectra accurately reproduce those found in natural and experimental recordings.

}, keywords = {acoustic beats, carrier frequency, cricket song, e tooth-strike rate, nonlinear dynamics, nonlinear oscillator, Oecanthus nigricornis, tegminal resonance, ultrasubharmonic resonance}, issn = {00207322}, doi = {10.1016/0020-7322(93)90011-O}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/002073229390011O}, author = {Sismondo, Enrico} } @article {47768, title = {Incidental effects and evolution of sound-producing organs in tree crickets (Orthoptera : Oecanthidae)}, journal = {International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology}, volume = {22}, year = {1993}, month = {Jan-04-1993}, pages = {207 - 216}, abstract = {

Male tree cricket (Orthoptera : Oecanthidae) calling songs are used by females to locate conspecific mates. Changes in these songs are crucial to speciation. Since certain features of cricket sounds are correlated with the structures of the stridulatory organs, changes in stridulatory organs must be correlated with changes in songs. Surprisingly, there is no established hypothesis to explain the mechanism of morphological change associated with changes in songs. Some alternative possibilities are explored, with reference to incidental effects. Available evidence suggests that stridulatory organs are genetically stable and that changes in these organs occur in steps rather than gradually.

}, issn = {00207322}, doi = {10.1016/0020-7322(93)90010-X}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/002073229390010X}, author = {Toms, Robert B.} } @article {43232, title = {The Seasonal Succession of Orthopteran Stridulation near Raleigh, North Carolina}, journal = {Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society}, volume = {67}, year = {1951}, month = {June 1951}, pages = {87-95}, chapter = {87}, author = {B. B. Fulton} } @article {17238, title = {Multimodal communication by the black-horned tree cricket, Oecanthus nigricornis (Walker) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology}, volume = {58}, year = {1980}, month = {Jan-10-1980}, pages = {1861 - 1868}, abstract = {

Adult male tree crickets, Oecanthus nigricornis (Walker), employ acoustic, olfactory, and vibratory signals during mating. Females were attracted significantly (p\ \<\ 0.001) to the conspecific courtship song and to conspecific male scent. Males had 63, 39, and 0\% copulation success in normal, waxed-over metanotal gland, and nonsinger groups respectively. Males provide the females with metanotal glandular products and a subsequently ingested spermatophore. Females appear to select mates on the males\&$\#$39; ability to communicate these nutritional investment capabilities.

}, issn = {0008-4301}, doi = {10.1139/z80-254}, url = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z80-254}, author = {Paul D. Bell} } @article {17218, title = { Further Notes on Thermometer Crickets}, journal = {The American Naturalist}, volume = {32}, year = {1898}, pages = {263-264}, chapter = {263}, author = {Carl A. Bessey and Edward A. Bessey} } @article {17201, title = {CHANGING THE CHIRP-RATE OF THE SNOWY TREE CRICKET OECANTHUS NIVEUS WITH AIR CURRENTS}, journal = {Science}, volume = {72}, year = {1930}, month = {Mar-10-1930}, pages = {347 - 349}, issn = {0036-8075}, doi = {10.1126/science.72.1866.347}, url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.72.1866.347https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1126/science.72.1866.347}, author = {Allard, H. A.} } @article {17200, title = {The stridulations of some crickets in the Dominican Republic}, journal = {Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences}, volume = {47}, year = {1957}, pages = {150-152}, chapter = {150}, url = {http://biostor.org/reference/134282}, author = {Allard, H. A.} } @article {17176, title = {THE CHIRPING RATES OF THE SNOWY TREE CRICKET (OECANTHUS NIVEUS) AS AFFECTED BY EXTERNAL CONDITIONS}, journal = {The Canadian Entomologist}, volume = {62}, year = {1930}, month = {Jan-06-1930}, pages = {131 - 142}, issn = {0008-347X}, doi = {10.4039/Ent62131-6}, url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X00060569}, author = {Allard, H. A.} } @article {16649, title = {Instantaneous song modification in response to fluctuating traffic noise in the tree cricket Oecanthus pellucens}, journal = {Animal Behaviour}, volume = {112}, year = {2016}, month = {Jan-02-2016}, pages = {187 - 194}, issn = {00033472}, doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.12.008}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347215004492}, author = {Kirill M{\'a}rk Orci and Petr{\'o}czki, Krisztina and Barta, Zolt{\'a}n} } @article {16624, title = {New World Thermometer Crickets: The Oecanthus rileyi Species Group and a New Species from North America}, journal = {Journal of Orthoptera Research}, volume = {19}, year = {2010}, month = {Jan-12-2010}, pages = {371 - 376}, issn = {1082-6467}, doi = {10.1665/034.019.022710.1665/034.019.0227.s1}, url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1665/034.019.0227}, author = {Thomas J. Walker and Collins, Nancy} } @article {16468, title = {The Taxonomy and Calling Songs of United States Tree Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae). II. The nigricornis Group of the Genus Oecanthus}, journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America}, volume = {56}, year = {1963}, month = {Jan-11-1963}, pages = {772 - 789}, issn = {0013-8746}, doi = {10.1093/aesa/56.6.772}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/aesa/56.6.772https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article/56/6/772/58845/The-Taxonomy-and-Calling-Songs-of-United-States}, author = {Thomas J. Walker} } @article {16467, title = {The Taxonomy and Calling Songs of United States Tree Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae). I. The Genus Neoxabea and the niveus and varicornis Groups of the Genus Oecanthus}, journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America}, volume = {55}, year = {1962}, month = {Jan-05-1962}, pages = {303 - 322}, issn = {0013-8746}, doi = {10.1093/aesa/55.3.303}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/aesa/55.3.303https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article/55/3/303/138073/The-Taxonomy-and-Calling-Songs-of-United-States}, author = {Thomas J. Walker} }