@article {53569, title = {Bat Predation and Its Influence on Calling Behavior in Neotropical Katydids}, journal = {Science}, volume = {238}, year = {1987}, month = {Feb-10-1987}, pages = {64 - 67}, abstract = {

Insectivorous bats have influenced the development of antipredator behavior in moths, green lacewings, crickets, and mantids; until recently, such adaptations were unknown in katydids. Foliage-gleaning bats in Panama can use the female-attracting, airborne calling songs of nocturnal katydids to locate prey. They also feed heavily on these insects. Katydid species sympatric with these bats exhibit markedly reduced calling song duty cycles. Males supplement shortened songs with complex, species-specific tremulations that generate vibrations that are inaudible to bats but reach conspecific females through a shared plant substrate. Female katydids do not call audibly but are also preyed on in large numbers, perhaps as a result of moving toward calling males.

}, issn = {0036-8075}, doi = {10.1126/science.238.4823.64}, url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.238.4823.64https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1126/science.238.4823.64}, author = {Belwood, Jacqueline Janine and Glenn K. Morris} } @article {53145, title = {Male size and mating success in Drosophila melanogaster and D. pseudoobscura under field conditions}, journal = {Animal Behaviour}, volume = {35}, year = {1987}, month = {Jan-04-1987}, pages = {468 - 476}, abstract = {

Wild mating male D. melanogaster and D. pseudoobscura were larger than randomly sampled males. That this was due to size and not a confounding effect of age was confirmed by release experiments with D. melanogaster of standard age; larger males were at a mating advantage with virgin and inseminated females. In both species larger males delivered more courtship and in D. pseudoobscura they won more aggressive encounters. These results on Drosophila in the field confirm and extend those previously obtained in the laboratory.

}, issn = {00033472}, doi = {10.1016/S0003-3472(87)80272-5}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347287802725}, author = {Partridge, Linda and Hoffmann, Ary and Jones, J.S.} } @article {53143, title = {Acoustic cues for female choice and male competition in Tettigonia cantans}, journal = {Animal Behaviour}, volume = {35}, year = {1987}, month = {Jan-06-1987}, pages = {887 - 900}, abstract = {

Song of the bush cricket Tettigonia cantans were analysed, and synthetic song models constructed, to reproduce both the natural variation in the song parameters and the modified spectral balance (high-frequency attenuation) seen after songs are transmitted through the natural habitat. In the laboratory, song models were replayed to female insects in a series of two-choice trials and the phonotactic response was used as the criterion for song preference. Controlling single variables in the models showed that females orientated preferentially to lower-pitched songs, louder songs and models with a relatively louder high-frequency content. Further trials confirmed song frequency to be an important cue and demonstrated spectral balance to be a more effective stimulus than intensity per se. Song models replayed in the field to established (\‘territorial\’) singing males produced different behavioural responses depending on the song frequency. To low-pitched songs, males were more likely to reduce their singing activity and move away from the sound source. High-pitched song often resulted in an increase in the singing rate and an approach to the loudspeaker. A model without the high-frequency band elicited no detectable response, the subject continuing to sing normally from the same perch. These results support the hypothesis that the spectral balance of the song can be used for range determination. The poor correlation between the measured song variables and morphology suggests that song in this species advertises the status of the male rather than other single attributes such as size or weight.

}, issn = {00033472}, doi = {10.1016/S0003-3472(87)80124-0}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347287801240}, author = {William Latimer and Sippel, Martin} } @article {47845, title = {The Efficiency of Sound Production in Two Cricket Species, Gryllotalpa Australis and Teleogryllus Commodus (Orthoptera: Grylloidea)}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology}, volume = {130}, year = {1987}, pages = {107-119}, chapter = {107}, abstract = {

1. Males of Gryllotalpa australis (Erichson) (Gryllotalpidae) and Teleogryllus commodus (Walter) (Gryllidae) produced their calling songs while confined in respirometers.

2. G. australis males used oxygen during calling at a mean rate of 4.637 ml O2 h\−1, equivalent to 27.65 mW of metabolic energy, which was 13 times higher than the resting metabolic rate. T. commodus males used oxygen during calling at a rate of 0.728 ml O2 h\−1, equivalent to 4.34 mW, which was four times the resting metabolic rate.

3. The sound field during calling by males represents a sound power output of 0.27 mW for G. australis and l.51 \× l0.3 mW for T. commodus.

4. The efficiency of sound production was 1.05\% for males of G. australis and 0.05\% for males of T. commodus. Comparison with other insect species suggests that none is more than a few percent efficient in sound production.

}, author = {Mark W. Kavanagh} } @article {20926, title = {A Comparative Study of Mating Behaviour in Some Neotropical Grasshoppers (Acridoidea)}, journal = {Ethology}, volume = {76}, year = {1987}, month = {Dec-01-1987}, pages = {265 - 296}, abstract = {

Aspects of premating and mating behaviour in several South American grasshopppers (Acridoidea) are described and compared. Examples of communication by acoustical, visual and chemical means are given.

Acoustic signals are emitted only by species of the subfamilies Gomphocerinae, Acridinae, Romaleinae and Copiocerinae. Each subfamily has distinct sound-producing mechanisms, and the songs occur in different behavioural contexts. In Gomphocerinae and Acridinae the sexes recognize and attract each other by species-specific songs produced by a femuro-tegminal stridulatory mechanism. In contrast, Romaleinae produce a simple song by rubbing the hindwings against the forewings. These songs are similar in different species and no attraction of females could be demonstrated, but the behaviour may function in male-male interaction and during copulation. Sexual pheromones also play a role in this subfamily. Acoustic activity during copulation has been observed in Aleuasini (Copiocerinae), but its function is still unclear.

No sound production at all exists in the Leptysminae, Rhytidochrotinae, Ommatolampinae, Melanoplinae, Proctolabinae and Bactrophorinae, but conspicuous movements of hindlegs (kneewaving) and antennae were observed. In some species these form part of a soundless courtship display.

Ecological constraints have little influence on the basic mating strategies: romaleine, gomphocerine and melanopline grasshoppers often coexist in various habitats, but show the divergent behaviour patterns characteristic of their respective subfamilies. Intrinsic factors of female reproductive physiology seem to be more important: a hormonally controlled reproductive cycle in gomphocerine females provides for only few short copulations, while romaleine females copulate frequently and longer. In Gomphocerinae and Acridinae, receptive females are rare (male-biased operational sex ratio) which leads to intense competition among males. It is hypothesized that this could be responsible for the high diversification of song and courtship patterns in these subfamilies.

}, doi = {10.1111/eth.1987.76.issue-410.1111/j.1439-0310.1987.tb00689.x}, url = {http://blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/eth.1987.76.issue-4}, author = {Riede, Klaus} } @inbook {17256, title = {Factors in the reproductive isolation between Dociostaurus curvicercus, D. jagoi jagoi and D. genei littoralis}, booktitle = {Evolutionary Biology of Orthopteroid Insects}, year = {1987}, publisher = {Ellis Horwood}, organization = {Ellis Horwood}, chapter = {4}, address = {Chichester}, abstract = {

From a well-documented study of two sympatric sibling species of singing gomphocerine grasshoppers, Perdeck (1958) reached the surprisng conclusion that reproductive isolation between them resulted almost exclusively from differences in acustic behavior. In the present work, comparison of the sibling gomphocerine grasshoppers D. curvicercus, D. jagoi jagoi and D. genei littoralis revealed ecographical, temporal, ethological, structural and cytological differences which could account for failure of the species to interbreed.

}, author = {Blondheim, Syril A.} } @article {17243, title = {El aparato estridulador de Gryllus fulvipennis Blachard: algunos alcances bioacousticos y morfologicos (Orthoptera, Gryllidae)}, journal = {Annales de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} Entomologique de France}, volume = {23}, year = {1987}, pages = {43-48}, chapter = {43}, abstract = {

The stridulatory apparatus of Gryllus fulvipennis is described based on light microscopy and SEM. Audiospectrography analysis of the song calls of this species is presented; each one of the chirps is composed of 4 or 3 syllables. The initial syllabes is shorter than the other, and its duration is ca 16 ms, the range of frequency is shorter too. The regularity and constancy of the pattern of syllabes from chirps, support the presumption that the friction is only in one direction.

}, author = {Andres O. Angulo and Humberto Valdivieso and Juan G. Baldeig and Hector Oyarzo} } @article {17241, title = {Feeling a bit of a chirp}, year = {1987}, month = {1987-06-19}, author = {Anon} } @article {17230, title = {Separate localization of sound recognizing and sound producing neural mechanisms in a grasshopper}, journal = {Journal of Comparative Physiology A}, volume = {161}, year = {1987}, month = {Jan-01-1987}, pages = {95 - 101}, abstract = {

In the two acridid species Chorthippus parallelus and Ch. montanus, the sound template by which females recognize male song varies with temperature, as does the song itself. At relatively high temperatures the females respond best to simulated songs with high syllable frequencies, and at lower temperatures songs with lower syllable frequencies are preferred.

The temperature around the supraesophageal and metathoracic ganglia of female grasshoppers was monitored by implanted thermocouples, and either the head or the thorax was warmed selectively while the animal was free to move (within the imits of the wires). Then simulations of the conspecific song varying in syllable frequency corresponding to different song temperatures were presented, and the stridulatory responses of the animals were observed.

The results were as follows. 1. Song recognition (in particular, the position of the peak of the response curve) depended on the temperature of the head. 2. The rate of stridulatory hindleg movement was determined by the temperature of the thoracic ganglia.

This result provides strong evidence against the genetic coupling hypothesis.

}, issn = {0340-7594}, doi = {10.1007/BF00609458}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00609458}, author = {Bauer, Maria and Otto von Helversen} } @article {17214, title = {The Tuned Singing Burrow of Mole Crickets}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology}, volume = {128}, year = {1987}, pages = {383-409}, chapter = {383}, abstract = {

During burrow digging by the mole cricket Scapteriscus acletus Rehn and Hubbard, the burrow is enlarged and shaped in a series of digging cycles, each lasting 1\–2min, and song chirps are produced after every cycle. The song becomes up to 18 dB louder and acoustically purer during burrow building. The shape of the song pulse envelope changes so that its average power density becomes greater and its build-up and decay become more gradual.

The forewings show a single resonance of the harp (Cu 1 cell) regions at 2.5-3.0 kHz: the normal song carrier frequency is 2.5-2.7kHz. Removal of the outer parts of the forewings does not affect the radiated sound power.

The singing burrow has an exponential horn opening at the soil surface and an internal bulb. The calculated cut-off frequency of the horn is 1\–34 kHz and that of the first resonance is 2.5-2.7 kHz. The volume of the bulb is close to that required to tune the throat: obliteration of the burrow bulb causes a substantial decrease in the radiated sound pressure levels before singing ceases.

The horn mouth acts as a finite sound source, with large acoustic reactance. The acoustics of the burrow were measured with a small doublet source inserted at the position at which the cricket sings. At this position, the burrow resonates at 2.75-3 kHz, with a quality factor (Q), measured both by the - 3 dB bandwidth and by the build-up and decay of tone bursts, of 2.5-2.7. The sound pressure produced by the doublet source is up to 24 dB louder when it is in the burrow than when it is in free air. Further in or out from the insect\&$\#$39;s singing position, the effective gain of the burrow is reduced and other resonances and anti-resonances are observed. Obliteration of the burrow bulb reduces the effective gain of the burrow by 6\–10 dB and the burrow ceases to resonate at 2.75 kHz.

It is proposed that the tuned burrow acts as a resistive load on the vibrating harps, so allowing good coupling between the small wings and the surrounding medium while allowing a pure carrier frequency to be radiated.

}, url = {http://jeb.biologists.org/content/128/1/383}, author = {H. C. Bennet-Clark} } @article {17174, title = {Response properties of prothoracic, interganglionic, sound-activated interneurons in the cricketTeleogryllus oceanicus}, journal = {Journal of Comparative Physiology A}, volume = {161}, year = {1987}, month = {Jan-01-1987}, pages = {681 - 693}, issn = {0340-7594}, doi = {10.1007/BF00605009}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00605009}, author = {Atkins, Gordon and Gerald S. Pollack} } @article {12288, title = {Bornean treefrogs of the genus Philatus (Rhacophoridae)}, journal = {Amphibia-Reptilia}, volume = {8}, year = {1987}, pages = {19-47}, chapter = {19}, abstract = {

Bornean Philatus are placed in ten species of four species-groups: the hosei-group includes hosei (Boulenger) and ingeri sp. n.; the vermiculatus-group, acutus sp. n. and kerangae sp. n.; the tectus-group, tectus sp. n.; the aurifasciatus-group, amoenus Smith, longicrus (Boulenger), mjobergi Smith, petersi (Boulenger) and umbra sp. n. The taxa acutirostris (Peters), longicrus, mjobergi and petersi are removed from the synonymy of aurifasciatus (Schlegel).

}, doi = {10.1163/156853887X00036}, author = {Dring, Julian C.} } @article {11297, title = { The songs of the western European grasshoppers of the genus Stenobothrus in relation to their taxonomy (Orthoptera: Acrididae) }, journal = {Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology}, volume = {55}, year = {1987}, month = {09/1987}, url = {https://archive.org/details/bulletinofbritis552brit}, author = {D. R. Ragge} }