01983nas a2200229 4500008004100000020003300041245005800074210005700132260003500189300001200224520128000236653002401516653002501540653002101565653003101586653001501617100001701632700002001649700001801669700001501687856005101702 2022 eng d a9789086863808, 978908686932900aChapter 26: The role of hearing in mosquito behaviour0 aChapter 26 The role of hearing in mosquito behaviour bWageningen Academic Publishers a683-7083 a

Mosquitoes generate sounds by flapping their wings in flight, which are thought to have a role in acoustic communication. Furthermore, the auditory organs of mosquitoes are the most sensitive among all arthropods reported so far. However, the function of hearing in mosquitoes is still unclear, and various debates have been raised in the scientific community. This book chapter reviews current knowledge about mosquito hearing, and is directed to the mosquito ecology community. First, we review acoustical aspects of hearing which need to be taken into account to understand the capabilities of insect sensory systems across a range of distances (near-field/far-field, active/reactive field and air particle velocity/pressure). Second, the basic mechanism of antennal hearing is explained in terms of sound-level and frequency sensitivities, interactions with the Johnston’s organ and spatial hearing. Third, we review a range of theories behind the role of the acoustic interactions between male and female mosquitoes (harmonic convergence, rapid frequency modulation and species-specificity), and discuss some of the main interpretations of these behaviours. Finally, we discuss the hearing range of mosquitoes in relation to communication and sound traps.

10adistortion products10aharmonic convergence10amating behaviour10arapid frequency modulation10asound trap1 aFeugère, L.1 aSimões, P.M.V.1 aRussell, I.J.1 aGibson, G. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-932-9_2600508nas a2200109 4500008004100000245013600041210006900177260003200246490000800278100001900286856009300305 2022 eng d00aNotes from the Underground: An Exploration of Burying Beetle Thermal Ecology, Sound Production and Reception, and Brain Morphology.0 aNotes from the Underground An Exploration of Burying Beetle Ther bUniversity of New Hampshire0 vPhD1 aWard, Michelle uhttps://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/2698?utm_source=scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/269802030nas a2200169 4500008004100000245013100041210006900172520140300241653002101644653001201665653001701677653003101694653002701725100001901752700001801771856007101789 2021 eng d00aStridulatory sound production and acoustic signals of the longhorn beetle Batocera lineolata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)0 aStridulatory sound production and acoustic signals of the longho3 a

Insects have evolved different structures and ways to produce sounds which play a crucial role in many aspects of insect biology, such as reproduction and predator–prey interactions. Among acoustic insects, although a variety of stridulatory organs have been reported in beetles, acoustic behaviour of these insects has received little attention. Here, stridulatory organs, sound-producing behaviour and acoustic signals in males of the longhorn beetle Batocera lineolata were investigated for the first time. The detailed morphology of the file and scraper of the stridulatory organ are presented. Behavioural observations showed that sound production was associated with the rapid forward and backward movements of the pronotum. The forward and backward movements of the pronotum can both cause interactions between the file and scraper, and produce forward chirps and backward chirps, respectively. Oscillogram and frequency spectrum comparisons of the upward and backward chirps revealed that the two types of chirps exhibited significant differences in temporal and amplitude features, but had similar spectral characteristics. Acoustic studies on most longhorn beetles are strongly needed, which may make significant contributions in many areas, such as the evolution and diversity of the acoustic behaviour and the possibility of use of sounds in taxonomy of longhorn beetles.

10aacoustic signals10aBeetles10aCerambycidae10asound-producing structures10astridulatory mechanism1 aLuo, Changqing1 aHuang, Shihui uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09524622.2021.189064001797nas a2200169 4500008004100000245013000041210006900171520111900240653001701359653002201376653001801398653001801416653001701434100001801451700002201469856013601491 2020 eng d00aThe call of the squeak beetle: bioacoustics of Hygrobia hermanni (Fabricius, 1775) revisited (Coleoptera: Hygrobiidae)0 acall of the squeak beetle bioacoustics of iHygrobia hermannii Fa3 a

Hygrobiidae, or squeak beetles, originated in the Triassic-Jurassic and exhibit a relictual distribution in the Palaearctic, Oriental and Australasian regions. Hygrobiids are well known for their sound-producing abilities, although studies of their bioacoustics remain limited. Here we describe sound producing organs and bioacoustics of the Palaearctic Hygrobia hermanni (Fabricius, 1775). Plectra and pars stridens were examined in both sexes, and sound characteristics analysed. Despite small differences between male and female last abdominal ventrites, plectra were identical. Pars stridens, however, differed subtly, tooth ridges being wider in females. Calls of both sexes were harmonic, with peak frequency at 6.1 kHz, and secondary peak at 10.9 kHz; males exhibiting longer inter-chirp intervals. Calls changed with time in the laboratory, this possibly condition-related effect being more apparent in males. The differences found between sexes suggest that sound production in squeak beetles may function in intraspecific communication, in addition to being an antipredator device.

10abioacoustics10aHygrobia hermanni10apars stridens10asqueak beetle10astridulation1 aBlair, Jordan1 aBilton, David, T. uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01650424.2020.1726963https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01650424.2020.172696302181nas a2200217 4500008004100000245016400041210006900205520132700274653001701601653001701618653004001635653002001675653001801695653001301713100001701726700002001743700001901763700002101782700002401803856013601827 2020 eng d00aDung beetle distress signals may be correlated with sex and male morph: a case study on Copris lunaris (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Coprini)0 aDung beetle distress signals may be correlated with sex and male3 a

Insect sounds are predominantly produced by stridulations, where specialised body parts contact repeatedly to induce acoustic pulse trains. We studied the stridulatory organ and sound emissions in Copris lunaris, by focussing separately on females, and on major and minor males. Results highlighted an isometric growth of pars stridens in response to body size, and identified a wing-pygidium locking structure that assists sound emission. Sex-specific acoustic differences of some degree were detected between major males and females, as sounds emitted by majors showed higher frequencies and shorter pulses with elevated impulse rates. This cannot be immediately explained by size differences in the components of stridulatory apparatus. Rather, divergence might be an indicator of some underlying behavioural difference in response to distressing events. In minor males, acoustic properties overlapped with both females and major males, although incomplete stridulations had a lower ratio in minor than major males. This paper provides the very first perspective of the potential role of sex and male polymorphism on sound production. However, future categorisations of sounds coupled to behavioural observations of specific interactions are needed to reveal the function of sex and morph-specific differences.

10abioacoustics10adung beetles10aelytro-abdominal stridulatory organ10amale dimorphism10apars stridens10aplectrum1 aKerman, Kaan1 aRoggero, Angela1 aPiccini, Irene1 aRolando, Antonio1 aPalestrini, Claudia uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09524622.2019.1710255https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09524622.2019.171025501381nas a2200085 4500008004100000245019200041210006900233520094100302856005201243 2019 eng d00aInterspecific differences of stridulatory signals in three species of bark beetles from the genus Polygraphus Er. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) inhabiting the island of Sakhalin0 aInterspecific differences of stridulatory signals in three speci3 a

Stridulatory signals are involved in conspecific interactions between bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). In this study, we compared the qualitative profiles of acoustic signals in three species from the genus Polygraphus Er. Sympatry can be periodically observed in two of them – P. proximus and P. subopacus. Sporadically they occur on the same plants. P. nigrielytris colonize distinctly different host plant species; however, on the island of Sakhalin it inhabits the same biotopes. The purpose of the study is to identify species-specific parameters and the extent of differences in stridulatory signals of these species. Airborne signals produced during the contact of males of the same species were experimentally recorded. Among tested parameters of stridulatory signals, as the most species-specific were noted: chirp duration, number of tooth-strikes per chirp, and intertooth-strike interval.

 uhttps://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.27697v202582nas a2200277 4500008004100000245015000041210007100191520165200262653002301914653001601937653001501953653001801968653002501986653001902011653002302030653001902053653001802072653001302090653003202103653002202135100002402157700001802181700002202199700002102221856006202242 2019 eng d00aAnatomy of the stridulation apparatus of the beech leaf‐mining weevil and characterization of, and behavioral responses to, stridulation sounds0 aAnatomy of the stridulation apparatus of the beech leaf‐mining w3 a

We investigated auditory signals and morphology of the stridulatory apparatus of the European beech leaf‐mining weevil, Orchestes fagi L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), an invasive herbivore now established in Nova Scotia, Canada, to determine their potential for enhancing survey tools to monitor the spread of the species in Canada. We recorded and described sounds produced by adult O. fagi, analyzed the morphology of the stridulatory mechanism for intersexual differences and asymmetry, and examined behavioral responses elicited in conspecifics by playback of stridulation recordings. Adult O. fagi produced sounds under three conditions: male in distress, female in distress, and male in the presence of female. Female distress chirps lasted significantly longer than male distress chirps and male chirps in the presence of females, but peak frequencies and mean number of chirps per s did not differ significantly among the three groups. Morphology of the stridulation structures in male and female O. fagi was compared using scanning electron microscopy. Orchestes fagi have an elytro‐tergal file‐ and scraper‐type sound production apparatus, through which sound is produced upon anterior motion of the abdomen. Female O. fagi have a ‘pars stridens’ that is longer and has more ridges than males. Width and number of ridges per length of pars stridens did not differ between the sexes. Evidence of asymmetry was found in male pars stridens, with the right side being longer than the left. Playback of recorded sounds to adult weevils suggests female O. fagi were repelled by sounds produced by distressed males.

10aauditory recording10abeechweevil10aColeoptera10aCurculionidae10adistressstridulation10ainsectbehavior10ainsectbioacoustics10aOrchestes fagi10apars stridens10aplayback10ascanningelectron microscopy10asexual dimorphism1 aGoodwin, Joel, T.L.1 aHillier, Kirk1 aRoscoe, Lucas, E.1 aSweeney, Jon, D. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/eea.1284400382nas a2200109 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128300001000197490000600207100001800213856004100231 1993 eng d00aThe site of stridulation in Geotrupes (Geotrupidae): An unsolved problem?0 asite of stridulation in emGeotrupesem Geotrupidae An unsolved pr a56-570 v21 aAllen, A., A. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/da/node/5759501348nas a2200109 4500008004100000245010500041210006900146520093800215100002201153700002201175856004101197 2019 eng d00aNew Data on Vibrational Communication in the Beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera, Bruchidae)0 aNew Data on Vibrational Communication in the Beetle Acanthosceli3 a

Many Bruchidae species are quarantine pests and are widely used as model species. However, as far as we know, acoustic communication has never been studied in detail in this group. Below we present the first data on the repertoire and emission mechanisms of acoustic communication in the bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus. Three types of signal emission were recorded in A. obtectus: striking the head and abdomen against the substrate, abdominal tremulations, and wing vibrations. Two types of signals were recorded in males, and one type, in females. All the acoustic signals recorded in A. obtectus contained both stable (pulse duration, pulse period: CV = 5–12%) and variable (duration of the pulse series: CV = 50%) signal elements. The frequency parameters showed low variation in all the signals (CV = 5–11%). Moreover, the dominant frequencies were similar in all the signal types (889–1158 Hz).

1 aShestakov, L., S.1 aKasparson, A., A. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/da/node/5739602162nas a2200193 4500008004100000245010800041210006900149520151300218653001101731653002101742653001601763653002401779653001001803100002701813700002401840700001901864700002501883856006001908 2019 eng d00aEffects of Hypoxia on Acoustic Activity of Two Stored-Product Pests, Adult Emergence, and Grain Quality0 aEffects of Hypoxia on Acoustic Activity of Two StoredProduct Pes3 a

Modified atmospheres such as hermetic storage are widely used for the control of stored grain insect pests. To improve their effectiveness, there is need to better understand insect responses to low-oxygen environments. Adult Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) on cowpea and Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on wheat were exposed to hypoxia treatments consisting of 1, 3, and 5% oxygen levels for 14 d. Acoustic activity was monitored during the experiment, and insect mortality and grain quality were examined immediately after the hypoxia treatments. Adult emergence was assessed 45 d post-treatment. All three hypoxia treatments eliminated acoustic activity of both species within 4 d. There was neither insect survival for both species nor significant grain damage immediately after 14-d exposure to hypoxia treatments. No adult insects emerged 45 d post-exposure on grains maintained at 1% oxygen level for 14 d. However, at 3 and 5% oxygen levels, there were eggs on cowpea, holes in wheat, and emerging adults for both insect species 45 d post-exposure. Although insect activity ceased within 4 d when hypoxia was maintained below 5%, there is need to explore exposure beyond 14 d for 3 and 5% oxygen levels, to ensure to avoid potential adult emergence from eggs and other insect life stages post-treatments. Maintaining 3–5% hypoxia conditions for a longer duration would ensure insufficient oxygen is available for progeny development.

10acowpea10ahermetic storage10ainsect pest10amodified atmosphere10awheat1 aNjoroge, Anastasia, W.1 aMankin, Richard, W.1 aSmith, Bradley1 aBaributsa, Dieudonne uhttps://academic.oup.com/jee/article/112/4/1989/548892701646nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008100041210006900122520107500191653001301266653001801279653002401297653001101321653001001332653001701342100002501359700002001384856006001404 2019 eng d00aBark beetles use a spring-loaded mechanism to produce variable song patterns0 aBark beetles use a springloaded mechanism to produce variable so3 a

Many insects vary their song patterns to communicate different messages, but the underlying biomechanisms are often poorly understood. Here, we report on the mechanics of sound production and variation in an elytro-tergal stridulator, male Dendroctonus valens bark beetles. Using ablation experiments coupled with high-speed video and audio recordings, we show that: (1) chirps are produced using a stridulatory file on the left elytron (forewing) and a protrusion (plectrum) on the seventh abdominal segment; (2) chirps are produced by ‘spring stridulation’, a catch-and-release mechanism whereby the plectrum catches on a file tooth and, upon release, springs forward along the file; and (3) variability in chirp types is caused by introducing multiple catch-and-release events along the file to create regular interruptions. These results provide experimental evidence for the mechanics of elytro-tergal stridulation, and provide insight into how an insect can incorporate variability into its acoustic repertoire using a spring-loaded mechanism.

10aAcoustic10acommunication10aDendroctonus valens10aInsect10asound10astridulation1 aLindeman, Amanda, A.1 aYack, Jayne, E. uhttp://jeb.biologists.org/lookup/doi/10.1242/jeb.19066002167nas a2200217 4500008004100000245010800041210006900149260001600218490000600234520146800240653001301708653001501721653001601736653001401752100002201766700001901788700002201807700001701829700002101846856008201867 2016 eng d00aSubstrate vibrations mediate behavioral responses via femoral chordotonal organs in a cerambycid beetle0 aSubstrate vibrations mediate behavioral responses via femoral ch cJan-12-20160 v23 a

Background
Vibrational senses are vital for plant-dwelling animals because vibrations transmitted through plants allow them to detect approaching predators or conspecifics. Little is known, however, about how coleopteran insects detect vibrations.

Results
We investigated vibrational responses of the Japanese pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus, and its putative sense organs. This beetle showed startle responses, stridulation, freezing, and walking in response to vibrations below 1 kHz, indicating that they are able to detect low-frequency vibrations. For the first time in a coleopteran species, we have identified the sense organ involved in the freezing behavior. The femoral chordotonal organ (FCO), located in the mid-femur, contained 60–70 sensory neurons and was distally attached to the proximal tibia via a cuticular apodeme. Beetles with operated FCOs did not freeze in response to low-frequency vibrations during walking, whereas intact beetles did. These results indicate that the FCO is responsible for detecting low-frequency vibrations and mediating the behavioral responses. We discuss the behavioral significance of vibrational responses and physiological functions of FCOs in M. alternatus.

Conclusions
Our findings revealed that substrate vibrations mediate behavioral responses via femoral chordotonal organs in M. alternatus.

10aBehavior10aColeoptera10aSense organ10avibration1 aTakanashi, Takuma1 aFukaya, Midori1 aNakamuta, Kiyoshi1 aSkals, Niels1 aNishino, Hiroshi uhttp://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-016-0053-400609nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245011500055210006900170260001600239300000800255490000900263100001700272700002600289700002100315856011500336 2019 eng d a1175-532600aFirst description of sound emission of Rhaphiptera affinis Thomson, 1868 (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Pteropliini)0 aFirst description of sound emission of Rhaphiptera affinis Thoms cJun-03-2020 a5800 v45671 aHEPP, FÁBIO1 aBezerra, Andressa, M.1 aBotero, Juan, P. uhttps://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4567.3https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4567.3.900666nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001300041245009700054210006900151260001600220300001400236490000600250100001800256700001600274856023000290 1968 eng d a0022474X00aSound production by the larder beetle, Dermestes lardarius Linnaeus (Coleoptera Dermestidae)0 aSound production by the larder beetle Dermestes lardarius Linnae cJan-10-1968 a271 - 2730 v41 aBailey, S. W.1 aLemon, R.W. uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022474X68900209https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:0022474X68900209?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:0022474X68900209?httpAccept=text/plain01622nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245009900055210006900154260001600223520096200239653002601201653001801227653001701245653001601262653002401278100002201302700001601324700002001340856005601360 2019 eng d a0003-686200aVibrations in hemipteran and coleopteran insects: behaviors and application in pest management0 aVibrations in hemipteran and coleopteran insects behaviors and a cNov-01-20193 a

Many groups of insects utilize substrate-borne vibrations for communication. They display various behaviors in response to vibrations in sexual and social communication and in predator–prey interactions. Although the number of reports on com- munication and behaviors using vibrations has continued to increase across various insect orders, there are several studies of the exploitation of vibrations for pest management in Hemiptera and Coleoptera. Here, we review the studies of behaviors and communication using vibrations in hemipteran and coleopteran insects. For instance, pentatomid bugs display species- and sex-specific vibrational signals during courtship, whereas cerambycid beetles show startle responses to vibrations in the context of predator–prey interactions. Concepts and case studies in pest management using vibrations—especially regarding the disruption of communication and behavior—are also presented.

10aBehavioral disruption10acommunication10aPest control10aSense organ10avibrational signals1 aTakanashi, Takuma1 aUechi, Nami1 aTatsuta, Haruki uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13355-018-00603-z01419nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245016400055210006900219260001600288300001800304490000700322520063400329653001600963653001400979653001200993653002701005653001801032100002701050700002201077700002101099856006901120 2018 eng d a0974-789300aDescription of life stages of dung beetle Scaptodera rhadamistus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with notes on nesting and biology0 aDescription of life stages of dung beetle Scaptodera rhadamistus cFeb-12-2020 a12990 - 129940 v103 a

Immature stages of Scaptodera rhadamistus (Fabricius) are described for the first time along with notes on nidification and biology. The larvae differ from other Scarabaeinae species in the structure of raster on tenth sternum with two irregular bunches of serrations ventrally one on either half. Pupae with pronotum transverse having rounded margins resemble adults, and consist of four lateral, single caudal and single pteronotal support projection. Adult males and females differ in coloration, structure of pronotum, presence of spine like process on mesosternum and, in the structure of male and female genitalia.

10aDescription10aimmatures10anesting10aScaptodera rhadamistus10ascarab beetle1 aKhadakkar, Suvarna, S.1 aTiple, Ashish, D.1 aKhurad, Arun, M. uhttps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/issue/view/12907-1304602275nas a2200265 4500008004100000245009000041210006900131260001600200300001600216490000700232520146000239653002701699653003101726653002101757653001901778653002201797653002901819100001701848700001901865700002101884700002201905700002001927700001801947856004401965 2013 eng d00aOn the Design of a Bioacoustic Sensor for the Early Detection of the Red Palm Weevil0 aDesign of a Bioacoustic Sensor for the Early Detection of the Re cJan-02-2013 a1706 - 17290 v133 a

During the last two decades Red Palm Weevil (RPW, Rynchophorus Ferrugineus) has become one of the most dangerous threats to palm trees in many parts of the World. Its early detection is difficult, since palm trees do not show visual evidence of infection until it is too late for them to recover. For this reason the development of efficient early detection mechanisms is a critical element of RPW pest management systems. One of the early detection mechanisms proposed in the literature is based on acoustic monitoring, as the activity of RPW larvae inside the palm trunk is audible for human operators under acceptable environmental noise levels (rural areas, night periods, etc.). In this work we propose the design of an autonomous bioacoustic sensor that can be installed in every palm tree under study and is able to analyze the captured audio signal during large periods of time. The results of the audio analysis would be reported wirelessly to a control station, to be subsequently processed and conveniently stored. That control station is to be accessible via the Internet. It is programmed to send warning messages when predefined alarm thresholds are reached, thereby allowing supervisors to check on-line the status and evolution of the palm tree orchards. We have developed a bioacoustic sensor prototype and performed an extensive set of experiments to measure its detection capability, achieving average detection rates over 90%.

10aacoustic sensor design10aacoustic signal processing10apattern matching10apest detection10awavelet transform10awireless sensor networks1 aRach, Miguel1 aGomis, Héctor1 aGranado, Otoniel1 aMalumbres, Manuel1 aCampoy, Antonio1 aMartín, Juan uhttp://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/2/170600531nas a2200157 4500008004100000245011400041210007000155300001400225490000700239653001100246653001900257653001700276100002500293700001400318856004100332 1998 eng d00aUntersuchungen zum Stridulationsverhalten der Hirschkäfer-Larven (Lucanus cervus L.) (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)0 aUntersuchungen zum Stridulationsverhalten der HirschkäferLarven  a471–4790 v7110alarvae10aLucanus cervus10astridulation1 aSprecher-Uebersax, E1 aDurrer, H uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/da/node/5315302015nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245014500055210006900200260001600269300001400285490000700299520121800306653001701524653002101541653002201562653002701584653001701611100002101628700002301649700002401672700002201696856005501718 2015 eng d a1366-638X00aMarking by elytral clip changes stridulatory characteristics and reduces reproduction in the American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus0 aMarking by elytral clip changes stridulatory characteristics and cJan-02-2015 a155 - 1620 v193 a

Some insects produce and use sound during multiple behaviors including many aspects of reproduction. Variation in call structure depends on the evolved mor- phological structures used to produce the sound and encode function. Beetles in the genus Nicrophorus produce strid- ulation by rubbing plectra, located on the ventral side of the elytra, against a pars stridens, located on the caudal end on the fourth and fifth abdominal segment in females and males, respectively. During field surveys for the endan- gered N. americanus, survey crews have historically used a small V-shaped notch cut in the caudal end of the right elytron to serves as a permanent marking method. No study, however, has examined the effect of this marking technique on the characters of stridulation or consequences
for reproductive behavior and fitness. Here we show that one temporal and one spectral character of sound change significantly following elytron clipping, and that repro- ductive success is significantly decreased in all breedings in which a parent beetle is elytron-clipped. We recommend replacement of this marking technique with non-invasive methods to ensure conservation of this endangered species.

10abioacoustics10aElytron clipping10aMarking technique10aNicrophorus americanus10astridulation1 aHall, Carrie, L.1 aHoward, Daniel, R.1 aSmith, Rosemary, J.1 aMason, Andrew, C. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10841-015-9755-801192nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245022100055210006900276260001600345300001200361490000700373520059700380100002100977856004800998 1973 eng d a0720-213X00aBeitrag zur kenntnis der Stridulationsapparate einheimischer Necrophorus-Arten (Necrophorus humator Ol., Necrophorus investigator Zetterst., Necrophorus vespilloides Herbst) (Insecta, Coleoptera)0 aBeitrag zur kenntnis der Stridulationsapparate einheimischer Nec cJan-01-1973 a65 - 750 v753 a

1. The elytro-dorsoabdominal stridulatory-apparatus of three native Necrophorus species have been investigated more closely with the aid of thes the stereoscan.

2. The course of the paired “partes stridentes” on the 5th abdominal tergit is characteristic for each species.

3. The paired plectrums are located on the back edge of the lower side of the elytrae and are protected against pollution by chitinous setae.

4. Besides defensive stridulation compared to earlier studies, species-specific communication is assumed.

1 aSchumacher, Rolf uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF0072367000419nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245005100055210005100106260001600157300001400173490000700187100001600194700001500210856004800225 1971 eng d a0028-104200aGehörsinn bei polyphagen Käfern nachgewiesen0 aGehörsinn bei polyphagen Käfern nachgewiesen cJan-07-1971 a368 - 3690 v581 aNiemitz, C.1 aKrampe, A. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF0060280802700nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001300041245016900054210006900223260001600292300001400308490000800322520184800330653001702178653001902195653001602214653002102230653001702251100002102268700002202289700002302311700001902334700002402353856006902377 2013 eng d a0013874600aDescription of Acoustic Characters and Stridulatory Pars Stridens of Nicrophorus (Coleoptera: Silphidae): A Comparison of Eight North American Species0 aDescription of Acoustic Characters and Stridulatory iPars Stride cJan-09-2013 a661 - 6690 v1063 a

Insects make use of sound in a variety of behavioral and reproductive contexts. Acoustic signals are known to serve in defense, sexual advertisement, prey location, and in cooperative activities such as offspring care and group foraging. In airborne signals produced by insects, information associated with species identiÞcation is often related to the temporal structure of the sound, while spectral quality is more closely associated with intraspeciÞc variation. The Nicrophorine burying beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Silphidae) are a group known to produce sound through dorso-ventro stridulation, but the bioacoustics of this group remains understudied. Here, we examine the stridu- latory sound produced by eight North American species of Nicrophorus burying beetles, testing the hypothesis that interspeciÞc differences will be encoded in temporal characteristics of the sound, and that signal divergence will be explained by one of three mechanisms: selection as an intraspeciÞc signal, selection for interspeciÞc aposematism, or random divergence through drift. We digitally recorded stridulation in each species, and analyzed recordings to describe each in respect to four spectral and eight temporal acoustic characters. All species produced a low amplitude biphastic sound pulse consisting of from 58 to 126 syllables, and exhibiting weak dominant frequencies (5.8Ð12.7 kHz). Collapsing the 12 variables into three rotated factors using principal component analysis, we found no sex-related differences in sound, but signiÞcant interspecies divergence in respect to all three factors. We constructed a phylogeny for the group based on the morphology of the stridulatory structures and the acoustic characters, and found weak support for an intraspeciÞc signal divergence model.

10abioacoustics10aburying beetle10aNicrophorus10asound production10astridulation1 aHall, Carrie, L.1 aMason, Andrew, C.1 aHoward, Daniel, R.1 aPadhi, Abinash1 aSmith, Rosemary, J. uhttps://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-lookup/doi/10.1603/AN1300101465nas a2200241 4500008004100000245012900041210006900170300001400239490000700253520073000260653002100990653001501011653001901026653001501045653001401060653001101074653001701085653001301102100002701115700001501142700002501157856004101182 1993 eng d00aFiles and scrapers: circumstantial evidence for stridulation in three species of Amblycerus, one new (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)0 aFiles and scrapers circumstantial evidence for stridulation in t a122–1320 v693 a

Amblycerus stridulator NEW SPECIES, A. pollens (Sharp) and A. eustrophoides (Schaeffer) have in common a fusifrom node with transverse striations on the metepisternum and an apical tooth on the metafemur. The fusiform node (file) and the apical tooth (scraper) may be stridulatory organs. Similar structures in criocerine Chrysomelidae are discussed and compared to the bruchods. Ambycerus eustrophoides and A. pollens are redescribed. Ambylcerus stridulator NEW SPECIES is described from Mexico. The species differ in the sclerites in the internal sac. patterns of pubescence, and the position of the fusiform node on the metepisternum.

10aA. eustrophoides10aA. pollens10aA. stridulator10aAmblycerus10aBruchidae10aMexico10astridulation10ataxonomy1 aKingsolver, John, Mark1 aRomero, JN1 aJohnson, Clarence, D uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/da/node/5278200439nas a2200109 4500008004100000245012800041210006900169300001200238490000800250100003000258856004100288 1999 eng d00aDescription of two new species of Amblycerus Thunberg (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) with a probable stridulatory mechanism0 aDescription of two new species of iAmblycerusi Thunberg Coleopte a337-3460 v1011 aRibeiro-Costa, Cibele, S. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/da/node/5274602180nas a2200145 4500008004100000245010700041210006900148260001600217520166800233100001801901700002801919700002301947700002001970856004401990 2017 eng d00aAcoustic communication in the pine engraver bark beetle: do signals vary between behavioural contexts?0 aAcoustic communication in the pine engraver bark beetle do signa cAug-09-20183 a

Acoustic communication is taxonomically widespread in bark beetles and is proposed to play an important role in a variety of social and defensive behavioural contexts. Yet our understanding of how signals vary between contexts is currently limited. The present study tests the hypothesis that acoustic signals vary between behavioural contexts in the female pine engraver beetle Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Female Ips pini produce acoustic chirps using a vertex-pronotal stridulatory organ. Randomly sampled chirps generated under three contexts (i.e. distress, predation and premating) are compared for their duration, number of pulses, interpulse intervals, pulse rate and amplitude envelope shapes. The results obtained show that, during premating events, chirps are significantly longer in duration and tend to have a higher proportion of descending amplitude envelopes than chirps occurring during distress and predation events. Chirps produced during distress and predation conditions are indistinguishable from one another. By contrast to the results from previous bark beetle studies, no support is found for categorizing chirps as ‘interrupted’ or ‘uninterrupted’ types based on temporal patterns. The functional significance of context-dependent variation in chirp characteristics is discussed. Previous studies on acoustic communication in bark beetles are limited as a result of a general lack of objective sampling and measurement criteria for characterizing signals. Recommendations are outlined for future studies on the functions and evolution of acoustic communication in bark beetles.

1 aDobai, Andras1 aSivalinghem, Senthurran1 aGuedes, Raul, N.C.1 aYack, Jayne, E. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/phen.1222202251nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245008300055210006900138260001600207300001300223490000700236520150500243100002201748700002601770700002001796700001901816700001901835700002201854700001801876700001901894700003101913856006501944 2017 eng d a1314-694700aGuidelines for the monitoring of Osmoderma eremita and closely related species0 aGuidelines for the monitoring of Osmoderma eremita and closely r cApr-08-2019 a79 - 1280 v203 a

Osmoderma eremita (Scopoli, 1763) is a saproxylic scarab beetle protected by the Habitats Directive in the European Union. The present paper is part of a special issue on monitoring of saproxylic beetles protected in Europe and starts with a revision of the current knowledge on systematics, ecology, ethology and conservation of O. eremita and its allied species, followed by experimental tests of different methods for monitoring its populations. Two methods were compared in several localities of central Italy: (1) the widely used pitfall traps into tree cavities and (2) black cross windows traps baited with a specific pheromone produced by male beetles. The first method, often used in northern and central Europe, did not give acceptable results in Italy probably because of the scarcity of veteran trees with large hollows. It could only be used successfully in areas where: 1) tree hollows were abundant, large enough and with sufficient amounts of wood mould for planting pitfall traps and 2) the team is composed of several operators in order to ensure the checking of at least 150 traps every two days during the whole period of mating activities (15 July–25 August). The second method, consisting of hanging 30 black cross window traps during the mating period and checking them every two days, turned out to be better for capturing a significant number of individuals but cannot be used every year because of the possible disturbance on mating activities of the species.

1 aMaurizi, Emanuela1 aCampanaro, Alessandro1 aChiari, Stefano1 aMaura, Michela1 aMosconi, Fabio1 aSabatelli, Simone1 aZauli, Agnese1 aAudisio, Paolo1 aCarpaneto, Giuseppe, Maria uhttps://natureconservation.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1265801876nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245005200055210005200107260001600159300001200175490000700187520117900194100002001373700002001393700002201413700002301435700001701458700001801475700002601493700003101519700001901550856006501569 2017 eng d a1314-694700aGuidelines for the monitoring of Lucanus cervus0 aGuidelines for the monitoring of Lucanus cervus cApr-08-2019 a37 - 780 v203 a

Lucanus cervus is one of the most charismatic saproxylic beetles, widely distributed in Europe. The species is typical of mature deciduous forests, especially oak woodlands. Loss and fragmentation of suitable habitats is one of the major threats for this species which is included in Annex II of the Habitats Directive. Despite several studies carried out in the last years for the monitoring methods of the species, an analytical comparison between them is still lacking.

The aims of this paper are (i) to review the current knowledge about systematics, ecology and conservation practices on L. cervus and (ii) to present the research carried out during the Life MIPP project, in order to define a standard monitoring method with a suitable protocol to be used for addressing the obligations of the Habitats Directive. Overall, five methods were tested during three years in two different study areas. Based on these results, a suitable standard method for L. cervus is proposed in this paper and, in order to assess the conservation status of populations and to compare them over time, a simple method for the calculation of a reference value is provided.

1 aBardiani, Marco1 aChiari, Stefano1 aMaurizi, Emanuela1 aTini, Massimiliano1 aToni, Ilaria1 aZauli, Agnese1 aCampanaro, Alessandro1 aCarpaneto, Giuseppe, Maria1 aAudisio, Paolo uhttps://natureconservation.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1268701515nas a2200145 4500008004100000245007100041210006900112260001600181300001600197490000700213520104400220100002501264700002701289856005301316 2014 eng d00aUse of acoustics to deter bark beetles from entering tree material0 aUse of acoustics to deter bark beetles from entering tree materi cJan-12-2014 a1808 - 18140 v703 a

BACKGROUND
Acoustic technology is a potential tool to protect wood materials and eventually live trees from colonization by bark beetles. Bark beetles such as the southern pine beetle Dendroctonus frontalis, western pine beetle D. brevicomis and pine engraver Ips pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) use chemical and acoustic cues to communicate and to locate potential mates and host trees. In this study, the efficacy of sound treatments on D. frontalis, D. brevicomis and I. pini entry into tree materials was tested.


RESULTS
Acoustic treatments significantly influenced whether beetles entered pine logs in the laboratory. Playback of artificial sounds reduced D. brevicomis entry into logs, and playback of stress call sounds reduced D. frontalis entry into logs. Sound treatments had no effect on I. pini entry into logs.

CONCLUSION
The reduction in bark beetle entry into logs using particular acoustic treatments indicates that sound could be used as a viable management tool.

1 aAflitto, Nicholas, C1 aHofstetter, Richard, W uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ps.2014.70.issue-1201440nas a2200133 4500008004100000245011900041210006900160300001200229490000800241520097300249100002201222700002101244856004101265 1996 eng d00aSound production and cannibalism in larvae of the pine-sawyer beetle Monochamus sutor L.(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)0 aSound production and cannibalism in larvae of the pinesawyer bee a29–330 v1173 a

One-year old larvae of the pine-sawyer beetle, Monochamus sutor L. (Coleoptera: Ceram­ bycidae), produced regular, chirping sounds, easily heard up to 10 meters away. Larvae were positioned within their hibernation tunnel in sapwood of recently fire-killed spruce and pine trees. Their heads were directed outwards, and the sound was probably produced by the scratching of their mandibles against the bark. Since the larvae produce this sound in spite of the risk of attracting parasites and predators such as wood-peckers, this behaviour most likely has an adaptive value. We suggest that sound production helps a larva to secure resources around its hibernation tunnel for its own development by keeping away other potentially competitive larvae. That the larvae are cannibalistic was demonstrated during a trial perfor­ med in petri dishes filled with sawdust. Any larva ignoring the sound signal could therefore face a real threat of being killed.

1 aVictorsson, Jonas1 aWikars, Lars-Ove uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/da/node/4771303978nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245010600055210006900161260001600230300001400246490000800260520349400268100002203762856004803784 1980 eng d a0340-759400aInsect disturbance stridulation: Characterization of airborne and vibrational components of the sound0 aInsect disturbance stridulation Characterization of airborne and cJan-01-1980 a259 - 2680 v1353 a

Some insects stridulate when attacked by a predator. This behavior has been interpreted as a defensive response, the sound being a warning to predators of the insect's noxiousness. Since to humans many such disturbance sounds are audibly similar, it is possible that they may in fact be mutually mimetic. This idea was investigated through analysis of the temporal and spectral characteristics of the disturbance sounds of a variety of insects that stridulate by a file- and -scraper device. Properties of both the airborne sound and the underlying cuticular vibration (detected by a special vibration measuring instrument) were examined, and four characteristic features found:

    1. The temporal pattern is simple. Bursts of toothstrike impulses are about 80 ms long, and are separated by pauses about 90 ms long. Bursts occur at a rate of about 5 to 10/s.
    
    2. The temporal pattern is irregular. For toothstrike interval, burst duration, pause duration and interburst interval, the standard deviation is usually >30% of the mean. Much of the irregularity is presumably caused by the insect struggling at the same time it stridulates. Some insects show less variability, and these appear to lack tight coupling between stridulatory movements and struggling movements, so struggling does not interfere with stridulation.
    
    3. The airborne sound pressure waveform is impulsive. The frequency coverage of the sounds is quite broad with an average 10-dB bandwidth of about 40 kHz centered at 25 kHz. The sounds are not intense, ranging from about 10 to 60 dB (re 20×10−6 Pa) at 10 cm.
    
    4. The cuticular vibration waveform is sharply peaked and contains maximum energy at a frequency determined by the tooth-strike rate, usually about 1 kHz. The average decrease in power above this frequency is about 12 dB/octave. The maximum peak-to-peak amplitude of cuticular motion is about 1 to 10 μm.
    

These common characteristics may lead predators to treat insects producing disturbance sounds similarly, although this possibility should be tested empirically. If acoustic mimicry exists, the communicatory interchange between predator and prey may be subtler than is commonly appreciated.

Supported in part by an NSF predoctoral fellowship and Bache Fund stipend from the National Academy of Sciences (Masters), and NIH grant AI-02908 and NSF grant PCM77-25807 (T. Eisner). I thank the insect identification service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and E.R. Hoebeke for identification of insects. I am grateful to the Director and staff of the Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid, Florida, for their hospitality while I was there. To my chairman, Dr. Thomas Eisner, I wish to acknowledge my great debt for his original proposal that I study insect disturbance sounds and the suggestion that the sounds might be mutually mimetic, and for his unfailing support throughout my graduate career. I also thank Drs. Eisner, R.R. Capranica, D.J. Aneshansley, W.L. Brown and J. Camhi for helpful criticism of the manuscript, Drs. Capranica and G. Hausfater for loan of equipment, and Dr. A. George for discussions of acoustics. Finally, for invaluable help with all phases of this research, I thank my wife, Anne Moffat.

1 aMasters, Mitchell uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF0065725401706nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245012600055210006900181260001600250300001400266490000700280520102500287100001701312700001901329700001801348856017001366 1972 eng d a0013-874600aStridulatory Apparatus and Analysis of the Acoustics of Four Species of the Subfamily Lamiinae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)0 aStridulatory Apparatus and Analysis of the Acoustics of Four Spe cMar-05-1973 a644 - 6470 v653 a

Investigation of 4 species of the subfamily Lamiinae—Tylocerina nodosus (F.), Neacanthocinus obsoletus (Olivier), Monochamus titillator (F.), and Plectrodera scalator (F.)—shows that both sexes of each species produce a stridulatory sound when disturbed. The stridulatory apparatus of each species consists of a plectral ridge on the inner surface of the posterior margin of the pronotum and a pars stridens on the dorsal surface of the mesocutellum of the mesothorax. Scanning electron micrographs show the plectral ridges to be smooth, while the pars stridens consists of regularly spaced striae with height, width, and spacing measurements characteristic for each species. Audiospectrographic analysis of the beetle-produced sounds reveals definite frequency bands, pulse lengths, and relative intensities for each species. Investigation of behavioral aspects of the sounds indicates that they are not a necessary component of courtship and mating behavior, but they may serve as an alarm signal.

1 aFinn, W., E.1 aMastro, V., C.1 aPayne, T., L. uhttps://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/aesa/65.3.644https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article/65/3/644/30148/Stridulatory-Apparatus-and-Analysis-of-the02246nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245014600055210006900201260001600270300001400286490000800300520138500308653002301693653002801716653001601744653002501760653001801785653002301803100002401826700002501850700001701875700001901892700001801911856005101929 2017 eng d a0015-404000aBioacoustics of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) on Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae)0 aBioacoustics of iAcanthoscelides obtectusi Coleoptera Chrysomeli cJan-03-2017 a109 - 1150 v1003 aAcanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is an economically important pest of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae), in the tropics and subtropics. The larvae are cryptic and spend most of their development time inside the bean seeds. Their presence is almost imperceptible except for circular emergence holes created by the last instar larvae in preparation for their exit as adults. We considered a hypothesis that readily available acoustic detection devices can be used to detect larvae and adults in stored beans. Laboratory experiments were conducted in an anechoic chamber to characterize the sounds of movement and feeding and estimate whether they could be distinguished from background noise in storage environments. The larvae produced low-amplitude insect sound impulses frequently occurring in trains (bursts) of 2 or more impulses (mean = 3.6). The adults produced lower-amplitude impulses, although at a higher rate than the larvae, and there were significantly fewer impulses per burst. These features of the acoustic signals were useful for real-time detection of A. obtectus infestation and discrimination from background noise in stored common beans in sub-Saharan Africa. The use of such technology in the future, especially if its costs can be reduced further, may contribute to efforts to alleviate hunger and poverty in the region.10aacoustic detection10aalmacenamiento de grano10acommon bean10adetección acústica10agrain storage10asub-Saharan Africa1 aAffognon, Hippolyte1 aMutungi, Christopher1 aRichter, Uwe1 aHensel, Oliver1 aRohde, Barukh uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1653/024.100.011602271nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245009000055210006900145260001600214300001400230490000800244520155100252653001401803653002401817653001401841653001901855653001401874100002101888700002001909700002301929700002601952856005101978 2000 eng d a0952-836900aA comparative study of ultrasound-triggered behaviour in tiger beetles (Cicindelidae)0 acomparative study of ultrasoundtriggered behaviour in tiger beet cJan-07-2000 a355 - 3680 v2513 a

This study examines the behavioural responses to ultrasound in 52 species from the family Cicindelidae using both tethered Øight and non-Øight assays. Tethered Øying tiger beetles respond to trains of bat-like ultrasonic pulses with a short-latency, multi-component behaviour. There was no variation in the nature of the behavioural responses regardless of geographical distribution or phylogenetic position. Lowest mean behavioural thresholds lie predominantly between 30 and 45 kHz. Sensitivity, however, varies widely, and several species do not respond at all in these assays. The lowest thresholds for responders are most often between 70 and 80 dB SPL. Almost all subgenera of North American tiger beetles in the genus Cicindela have at least some species with low-threshold acoustic behaviour. The single exception is the large subgenus Cicindela where all species are completely unresponsive or have very high thresholds. There was little relationship between habitat and responsiveness to ultrasound, but there is a strong correlation with seasonal activity ± species with adults active in the spring and autumn (all in the subgenus Cicindela )do not show ultrasound-triggered behaviour whereas summer-active species generally do. Superimposing these data on a current phylogeny of the North American tiger beetles suggests that acoustic behaviour (and hearing) is a shared primitive trait among the taxa examined here and that there have been at least Æve independent losses of this character.

10aCicindela10adefensive behaviour10aevolution10ainsect hearing10aphylogeny1 aYager, David, D.1 aCook, Aaron, P.1 aPearson, David, L.1 aSpangler, Hayward, G. uhttp://www.blackwell-synergy.com/toc/jzo/251/301558nas a2200157 4500008004100000245012700041210006900168300001200237490000700249520088100256100002301137700002301160700002101183700002301204856017301227 2003 eng d00aNew Stridulatory Structures in a Tiger Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae): Morphology and Sound Characterization0 aNew Stridulatory Structures in a Tiger Beetle Coleoptera Carabid a161-1660 v573 a

The stridulatory mechanism in Oxycheila tristis (Fabricius) (Cicindelinae: Megacephatini) is described. Sound is produced by mates and females rubbing the internal edge of the hind femur (plectrum) on the ringed elytral epipleura (pars stridens). The hind legs usually alternate, and sound is mostly generated during backward movement. Abdominal movements seem to play a role in the amplitude modulation of the signals. Temporal characteristics of the sound are slightly different for both sexes (longer leg cycles in females) but the frequency spectra are similar. The same stridulatory structures were found in other Oxycheila species as well as in the closely related Cheiloxya binotata longipennis Horn. Considering the different stridulatory mechanisms described in cicindelids, sound production probably evolved independently at least three times in this group.

1 aSerrano, Artur, R.1 aDiogo, Anabela, C.1 aViçoso, Emanuel1 aFonseca, Paulo, J. uhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/250068645_New_Stridulatory_Structures_in_a_Tiger_Beetle_Coleoptera_Carabidae_Cicindelinae_Morphology_and_Sound_Characterization00437nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128260001200197300001000209490000700219100001900226700001800245856004000263 1974 eng d00aOrgans of Possible Stridulatory Function in Water-Beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)0 aOrgans of Possible Stridulatory Function in WaterBeetles Coleopt c06/1974 a53-630 v281 aLarson, D., J.1 aPritchard, G. uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/399964302500nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245012700055210006900182260001600251490000700267520188300274100002202157700002402179700002102203856011802224 2004 eng d a1438-389600aStridulation variability and morphology: an examination in dung beetles of the genus Trypocopris (Coleoptera, Geotrupidae)0 aStridulation variability and morphology an examination in dung b cJan-04-20040 v463 aDistress signals produced by dung beetles of the genus Trypocopris (Coleoptera, Geotrupidae) were analysed to test whether interspecific and intraspecific acoustic variability are species- and subspecies-specific and to ascertain to what extent bioacoustic parameters depend upon the morphology of the stridulatory organs (pars stridens). Bioacoustic analyses showed that the three species were clearly differentiated, despite the fact that disturbance stridulations presented the same stereotyped spectrographic pattern. Within each species, most of the subspecies and populations considered were also bioacoustically distinguishable. Subspecies and populations within each species were differentiated with regard to body size and stridulatory organ, and the length of the pars stridens was positively correlated with the width of the coxa, in turn positively correlated with body size. A few spectrographic measures were significantly constrained by the morphology of the stridulatory apparatus; in particular the duration of sound emission was positively correlated with the length of the apparatus and the sub-pulse rate was negatively related to the distance between two consecutive crests. For T. pyrenaeus, with the largest number of populations sampled, there was no significant correlation between morphological and spectrographic distances, but there were significant positive correlations between morphological and geographical distances and between morphological and genetic distances. It is hypothesized that genetic differentiation might directly affect variability of the stridulatory apparata which would also be indirectly influenced and constrained by external morphological traits (like the width of the coxa and body size). Stridulatory organs, in turn, would affect the ways a few stridulatory traits (especially the temporal ones) change in time and space.1 aCarisio, Loredana1 aPalestrini, Claudia1 aRolando, Antonio uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10144-004-0170-3http://www.springerlink.com/index/pdf/10.1007/s10144-004-0170-301156nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001300041245011000054210006900164260001600233300001400249490000700263520059900270100001800869700001700887700001600904856006600920 1981 eng d a0003347200aOn the functions of stridulation by the passalid beetle Odontotaenius disjunctus (Coleoptera: Passalidae)0 afunctions of stridulation by the passalid beetle Odontotaenius d cJan-05-1981 a483 - 4860 v293 aCrows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) are more hesitant to continue attacking and take longer to kill and eat stridulating passalid beetles (Odontotaenius disjunctus) than silenced beetles. This is an experimental demonstration of the deterrent capability of disturbance stridulation by an insect that has no active defences against the predator. Stridulation is not necessary for congregation by colony members. Silenced beetles congregate as effectively as controls. There is no evidence that the disturbance stridulation causes predictable responses in other colony members of this presocial beetle.1 aBuchler, E.R.1 aWright, T.B.1 aBrown, E.D. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334728180108X00364nas a2200121 4500008004100000245004100041210004000082260001600122300001400138490000700152100002300159856006000182 1900 eng d00aX. Stridulating Organs in Coleoptera0 aX Stridulating Organs in Coleoptera cJan-10-1900 a433 - 4520 v481 aGahan, Charles, J. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1900.tb01002.x00902nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128260001600197300001100213490000700224520040700231100002100638856010900659 1974 eng d00aStridulation and defensive behaviour in the ground beetle, Cychrus caraboides (L.)0 aStridulation and defensive behaviour in the ground beetle Cychru cJan-11-1974 a7 - 150 v493 aAdults of both sexes of C.caraboides stridulate by means of an elytroabdominal mechanism. The stridulatory surfaces consist of opposing series of microlamellae, only seen clearly with the surface scanning electron microscope. Sound emission covers a wide band of frequencies from audible to about 80 kHz. It is suggested that stridulation may act as an acoustic warning to certain vertebrate predators.1 aClaridge, M., F. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/phen.1974.49.issue-1http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1974.tb00062.x01504nas a2200157 4500008004100000245012700041210006900168300001200237490000700249520087200256100002301128700002301151700002101174700002301195856012801218 2003 eng d00aNew Stridulatory Structures in a Tiger Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae): Morphology and Sound Characterization0 aNew Stridulatory Structures in a Tiger Beetle Coleoptera Carabid a161-1660 v573 aThe stridulatory mechanism in Oxycheila tristis (Fabricius) (Cicindelinae: Megacephalini) is described. Sound is produced by males and females rubbing the internal edge of the hind femur (plectrum) on the ringed elytral epipleura (pars stridens). The hind legs usually alternate, and sound is mostly generated during backward movement. Abdominal movements seem to play a role in the amplitude modulation of the signals. Temporal characteristics of the sound are slightly different for both sexes (longer leg cycles in females) but the frequency spectra are similar. The same stridulatory structures were found in other Oxycheila species as well as in the closely related Cheiloxya binotata longipennis Horn. Considering the different stridulatory mechanisms described in cicindelids, sound production probably evolved independently at least three times in this group.1 aSerrano, Artur, R.1 aDiogo, Anabela, C.1 aViçoso, Emanuel1 aFonseca, Paulo, J. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/da/content/new-stridulatory-structures-tiger-beetle-coleoptera-carabidae-cicindelinae-morphology-and00337nas a2200109 4500008004100000245004200041210003800083300001000121490000700131100002300138856006600161 1942 eng d00aThe Origin Of Stridulation In Beetles0 aOrigin Of Stridulation In Beetles a83-860 v171 aArrow, Gilbert, J. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/da/content/origin-stridulation-beetles03205nas a2200217 4500008004100000245008000041210006900121300001200190490000700202520252100209653001902730653001802749653001902767653001502786653001702801653001502818653001702833100001702850700001302867856010702880 1996 eng d00aElytro-tergal stridulation in weevils (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)0 aElytrotergal stridulation in weevils Insecta Coleoptera Curculio a703-7730 v303 aMany Curculionidae, Scolytidae and Platypodidae stridulate by rubbing a plectrum on tergite VII against a subapical file on the elytral underside. The file on the right elytron may be smaller than that on the left, or absent; on either elytron it usually comprises a series of parallel ridges. The plectrum generally consists of one or more pair of setiferous tubercles, although other structures are sometimes employed. This stridulatory system (‘type 1’) is found in members of 14 curculionid subfamilies and in Scolytidae. Platypodidae have a similar and probably homologous organ, although the morphology of the file differs somewhat from that found elsewhere and the plectrum is a simple flange. Within Curculionidae three other elytro-tergal stridulatory systems have been found. Firstly, in some Cossoninae and Molytinae, the file is a row of tubercles on tergite VII and the plectrum is a ridge on the elytron (‘type 2’); this is newly reported here. Secondly, females of Ithyporini, some Camptorhinini and some Cryptorhynchini have part of the wing binding patch on tergite VII modified to act as a file, with a plectrum on the elytra (‘type 3’). Thirdly, some Amycterinae have a file of ridges on tergite VII and a plectrum on the elytra (‘type 4’), apparently an autapomorphy of a restricted group of species. In addition, some Curculionidae have a plectrum on the hind femur and a file on the abdominal sternum (some Cryptorhynchinae) or elytron (some Otidocephalinae). Scolytidae have at least three other stridulatory organs: two on the head and one involving the elytra and sternum VIII. Some systematic conclusions are drawn: the clear homology of the type 1 structures in Scolytidae and the majority of the stridulating Curculionidae indicates that the Curculionidae is paraphyletic with respect to the Scolytidae; Scolytidae should therefore be treated as a subfamily of Curculionidae. The structure of the platypodid file and plectrum provide equivocal information and do not aid resolution of the phylogenetic placement of this family. Monophyly of some Ithyporini and Camptorhinini is suggested by the distribution of type 3, but there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate paraphyly of the Cryptorhynchini. The distribution of type 2 does not indicate monophyly of the Cossoninae and Molytinae since the structures in the two are almost certainly homoplastic. All known records of elytro-tergal stridulatory organs in the Scolytidae, Platypodidae and Curculionidae are listed.10aclassification10aCurculionidae10aCurculionoidea10amorphology10aPlatypodidae10aScolytidae10astridulation1 aLyal, C.H.C.1 aKing, T. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/da/content/elytro-tergal-stridulation-weevils-insecta-coleoptera-curculionoidea00401nas a2200121 4500008004100000022001800041245005100059210004700110260001400157300001200171100002000183856007600203 2006 eng d a978084932060600aStridulation in the Coleoptera – An Overview0 aStridulation in the Coleoptera An Overview bCRC Press a397-4031 aWessel, Andreas uhttp://download.naturkundemuseum-berlin.de/andreas.wessel/30_wessel.pdf00416nas a2200109 4500008004100000245007500041210006900116300001000185490000600195100002200201856008300223 1860 eng d00aOn certain muscial Curculionidae: with descriptions of two new Plinthi0 acertain muscial Curculionidae with descriptions of two new Plint a14-190 v31 aWollaston, T., V. uhttps://archive.org/details/cbarchive_52318_oncertainmuscialcurculionidaew1840