@article {58221, title = {Acoustic signals in cicada courtship behaviour (order Hemiptera, genus Tibicina)}, journal = {Journal of Zoology}, volume = {262}, year = {1999}, month = {Jan-01-1999}, pages = {217 - 224}, abstract = {

During pair formation, cicadas produce acoustic signals that allow sexual partners to meet. The male is generally the emitter, producing calling songs at long range and courtship songs at short range, and the female generally the receiver. The male\–female courtship behaviour of seven taxa belonging to the Palaearctic genus Tibicina is described here for the first time. Male courtship songs consisted of a succession of groups of pulses arranged in two sub-groups. They were short in duration with strong amplitude variations. In all taxa, courtship songs were preceded by a series of 1\–5 audible wing-flicks. Differences in courtship song structure between two pairs of sympatric species, respectively T. corsica corsica/T. nigronervosa and T. corsica fairmairei/T. tomentosa, suggest that courtship signals could act as distinctive species mating recognition systems. In response to male acoustic signalling, females of T. c. corsica, T. c. fairmairei and T. nigronervosa produced audible wing-flicks such that both sexes established an acoustic duet ending in physical contact. In addition, males and females of T. tomentosa produced silent wing-flicks, a previously unknown behaviour, which could facilitate pheromone diffusion. Females did not exhibit a species-specific temporal pattern in acoustic reply to male courtship song and female wing-flick behaviour does not seem necessary for pair formation. Nevertheless, this strategy through male and female signalling ensured a reciprocal phonotactic approach that probably enhanced the likelihood for the two sexes to meet in complex habitats.

}, keywords = {audible and silent wing-flicks, cicadas Tibicina, courtship, male{\textendash}female duet, sound communication}, issn = {0952-8369}, doi = {10.1017/S0952836903004680}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1017/S0952836903004680}, author = {Sueur, Jerome and Aubin, Thierry} } @article {50701, title = {Notes on the biology of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) in Sierra Leone}, journal = {Journal of Zoology}, volume = {161}, year = {1970}, month = {Jan-07-1970}, pages = {317 - 349}, abstract = {

An account is given of the habitat, seasonal occurrence, breeding biology and food of 103 species of Acridoidea in Sierra Leone. Some comparisons are made between East African and Sierra Leone populations, a relation is indicated between size and number of annual generations and food is considered in relation to habitat and head length.

}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7998.1970.tb04516.x}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1970.tb04516.xhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111\%2Fj.1469-7998.1970.tb04516.x}, author = {Phipps, John} } @article {15287, title = {A comparative study of ultrasound-triggered behaviour in tiger beetles (Cicindelidae)}, journal = {Journal of Zoology}, volume = {251}, year = {2000}, month = {Jan-07-2000}, pages = {355 - 368}, abstract = {

This study examines the behavioural responses to ultrasound in 52 species from the family Cicindelidae using both tethered \Øight and non-\Øight assays. Tethered \Øying tiger beetles respond to trains of bat-like ultrasonic pulses with a short-latency, multi-component behaviour. There was no variation in the nature of the behavioural responses regardless of geographical distribution or phylogenetic position. Lowest mean behavioural thresholds lie predominantly between 30 and 45 kHz. Sensitivity, however, varies widely, and several species do not respond at all in these assays. The lowest thresholds for responders are most often between 70 and 80 dB SPL. Almost all subgenera of North American tiger beetles in the genus Cicindela have at least some species with low-threshold acoustic behaviour. The single exception is the large subgenus Cicindela where all species are completely unresponsive or have very high thresholds. There was little relationship between habitat and responsiveness to ultrasound, but there is a strong correlation with seasonal activity \± species with adults active in the spring and autumn (all in the subgenus Cicindela )do not show ultrasound-triggered behaviour whereas summer-active species generally do. Superimposing these data on a current phylogeny of the North American tiger beetles suggests that acoustic behaviour (and hearing) is a shared primitive trait among the taxa examined here and that there have been at least \Æve independent losses of this character.

}, keywords = {Cicindela, defensive behaviour, evolution, insect hearing, phylogeny}, issn = {0952-8369}, doi = {10.1111/jzo.2000.251.issue-310.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01086.x}, url = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/toc/jzo/251/3}, author = {Yager, David D. and Cook, Aaron P. and Pearson, David L. and Spangler, Hayward G.} }