@article {52759, title = {The evolutionary convergence of hearing in a parasitoid fly and its cricket host}, journal = {Science}, volume = {258}, year = {1992}, month = {Jan-11-1993}, pages = {1135 - 1137}, abstract = {

Parasitism is a widespread and diverse life strategy that connects species throughout the animal kingdom. Female parasitoid flies of the genus Ormia must find a specific cricket host on which to deposit their parasitic maggots. To reproduce, female flies must perform the same task as female crickets: find a singing male cricket. These flies have evolved a unique hearing organ that allows them to detect and locate singing male crickets. Through evolutionary convergence, these flies possess a hearing organ that much more resembles a cricket\&$\#$39;s ear than a typical fly\&$\#$39;s ear, allowing these parasitoids to take advantage of the sensory ecological niche of their host.

}, issn = {0036-8075}, doi = {10.1126/science.1439820}, url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1439820https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1126/science.1439820}, author = {Daniel Robert and Amoroso, J and Ronald R. Hoy} } @article {47881, title = {Effects of temperature on chirp rates of tree crickets (Orthoptera: Oecanthidae)}, journal = {African Zoology}, volume = {27}, year = {1992}, pages = {70-73}, chapter = {70}, abstract = {

The relationship between temperature and chirp rate is described for three African tree crickets, Oecanthus capensis, O. karschi and O. sycomorus. Knowledge of the variation in chirp rates of O. karschi and O. capensis makes it possible to discriminate between the songs of these species with a stopwatch. Their songs can also be used to estimate air temperature. When signals like cricket songs change with temperature, the response may also be affected. Some problems associated with temperature dependant communication systems are discussed.

}, author = {Toms, Robert B.} } @article {47777, title = {The quantitative genetics of sound production in Gryllus firmus}, journal = {Animal Behaviour}, volume = {44}, year = {1992}, month = {Jan-11-1992}, pages = {823 - 832}, abstract = {

The species-specific calling songs of male cricket are used by females for species recognition and mate choice. Heritability of variation of morphological structures involved in song production, components of the calling song, and body size were estimated for the cricket Gryllus firmus. The heritabilities of morphological structures range from 0\·42 to 0\·73, while those of the song components range from 0\·10 to 0\·35. Comparison between sire and dam components suggests that there may be non-additive and/or maternal effects. As a result of the low correlation between body size and song components, it is unlikely that female G. firmus use the calling song to assess male body size or wing morph (micropterous or macropterous).

}, issn = {00033472}, doi = {10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80578-0}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347205805780}, author = {Webb, Karen Lynn and Roff, Derek A.} } @article {47776, title = {Variability in call structure and pairing success of male field crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus: the effects of age, size and parasite load}, journal = {Animal Behaviour}, volume = {44}, year = {1992}, month = {Jan-12-1992}, pages = {1145 - 1152}, abstract = {

The effects of male body size, age and gregarine parasite load on the structure of calls and success at attracting mates were investigated in a natural population of the field cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. The syllable rate within chirps was negatively related to male size, and the duration of syllables was positively related to size. Older males had more variable syllable rates within their chirps. Size did not influence pairing success. However, paired males were significantly older than solitary calling males. Parasitic infection influenced the pairing success of young males but not old males. These data are discussed in the context of direct and indirect selection for female mating preferences.

}, issn = {00033472}, doi = {10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80326-4}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347205803264}, author = {Simmons, Leigh W. and Zuk, Marlene} } @article {17212, title = {A MODEL OF THE MECHANISM OF SOUND PRODUCTION IN CICADAS}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology}, volume = {173}, year = {1992}, pages = {123-153}, chapter = {123}, abstract = {

1. Dried cicada bodies of the species Cyclochila australasiae and model cicadas made from a miniature earphone driving a plastic cavity were used to study the acoustics of sound production in male cicadas.

2. A model cicada with shape and dimensions similar to those of the abdomen of a male C. australasiae resonates at the natural song frequency of the species (4.3 kHz). The abdominal air sac of C. australasiae also resonates at frequencies close to the natural song frequency when excited by external sounds. In an atmosphere of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gas, the resonant frequency is lowered in keeping with the decrease in velocity of sound in the CFC gas.

3. At the model\&$\#$39;s resonant frequency, the driving earphone dissipates more electrical power with the cavity attached than without the cavity. The cavity of the model cicada acts as a narrow-band acoustic acceptance filter, tuned to the natural song frequency.

4. When the miniature earphone emits brief clicks, mimicking those produced by the natural tymbal mechanism, the model cicada produces sound pulses that vary in duration and shape according to the number and timing of the clicks. A coherent train of two or three resonant clicks results in a long slowly-decaying sound pulse similar to that in the natural song.

5. The natural song frequency can be predicted from the dimensions of the abdominal cavity and the tympana in C. australasiae using a simple equation for the resonant frequency of a Helmholtz resonator. This equation also predicts the song frequency of Macrotristria angularis and Magicicada cassini, but it fails with the low-frequency song of Magicicada septendecim. This discrepancy can be accounted for by the unusually thick tympana of M. septendecim, which tend to lower the resonant frequency of the system.

6. We conclude that the abdomen of male cicadas forms a Helmholtz resonator, the components of which are the large air sac as the cavity and the tympana as the neck of the resonator. We suggest that cicada sound production depends on the coupling of two resonators, that of the tymbal and that of the abdominal air sac, from which sound is radiated through the tympana. The coupled resonator system would produce the long sound pulses required for stimulating a sensitive sharply tuned auditory organ.

}, url = {http://jeb.biologists.org/content/173/1/123}, author = {H. C. Bennet-Clark and Young, D} }