02470nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001300041245005200054210005100106260001600157300000700173490000700180520204400187100002102231856007202252 2019 eng d a1557021500aBearing Fruit: Plant Bioacoustics is Blossoming0 aBearing Fruit Plant Bioacoustics is Blossoming cJan-01-2019 a470 v153 a

Plants comprise about 80% of the Earth’s biomass and capture over 100 billion tons of carbon per year in additional biomass. They form the foundation of the animal kingdom’s food supply; transform our atmosphere; loom over our art, agriculture, and architecture; and inspire work in many scientific disciplines, from genomics to biochemistry to ecology. Yet the role of sound in plant studies has received relatively little study from bioacousticians, remaining a topic more likely found in the realms of urban legend (playing Mozart to your plants) than in peer-reviewed literature.

Indeed, although the Acoustical Society of America (ASA) has an Animal Bioacoustics Technical Committee, nothing is formally organized with respect to plants. However, over the past decade, interest in the relationship between sound and plants has begun to, well, sprout. Over the past two decades, nearly 200 publications on the subject have appeared.
In May 2018, the ASA hosted an exploratory special session on plant bioacoustics that attempted to survey the many ways the field of acoustics intersects with fields of plants. This article germinated from that session, which explored four different topics relating acoustics to plants.

This article begins with reviewing how plants distort and transmit sounds generated by insect pests and then examines some surprising examples of how plants have evolved to reflect and enhance animal sounds, potentially opening new facets in animal-plant interaction studies. The focus then shifts to how plants can generate sounds through photosynthesis and transpiration stress, reviving long-standing interests in using non- invasive passive acoustics to diagnose and measure plant physiology.
Finally, the discussion branches into more speculative territory, as a relatively recent spate of publications suggest that plants can sense and respond to acoustic and mechani- cal stimuli, despite the fact that these organisms lack an identifiable nervous system.

1 aThode, Aaron, M. uhttps://acousticstoday.org/issues/2019AT/Winter2019/index.html#p=4702432nas a2200205 4500008004100000245014000041210006900181520172700250653002501977653001502002653001502017653002202032100001902054700001802073700001702091700001602108700002502124700002202149856005502171 2020 eng d00aSound waves affect the total flavonoid contents in Medicago sativa, Brassica oleracea and Raphanus sativus sprouts0 aSound waves affect the total flavonoid contents in iMedicago sat3 a

BACKGROUND: Sound waves are emerging as a potential biophysical alternative to traditional methods for enhancing plant growth and phytochemical contents. However, little information is available on the improvement of the concentration of functional metabolites like flavonoids in sprouts using sound waves. In this study, different frequencies of sound waves with short and long exposure times were applied to three important varieties to improve flavonoid content. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sound waves on flavonoid content on the basis of biochemical and molecular characteristics.

RESULTS: We examined the effects of various sound wave treatments (250 Hz to 1.5 kHz) on flavonoid production in alfalfa (Medicago sativa), broccoli (Brassica oleracea) and red young radish (Raphanus sativus). The results showed that sound wave treatments differentially altered the total flavonoid contents depending upon the growth stages, species and frequency of and exposure time to sound waves. Sound wave treatments of alfalfa (250 Hz), broccoli sprouts (800 Hz) and red young radish sprouts (1 kHz) increased the total flavonoid content by 200%, 35% and 85%, respectively, in comparison with untreated control. Molecular analysis showed that sound waves induce the expression of genes of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, which positively corresponds to the flavonoid content. Moreover, the sound wave treatment significantly improves the antioxidant efficiency of sprouts.

CONCLUSIONS: The significant improvement of flavonoid content in sprouts with sound waves makes their use a potential and promising technology for the production of agriculture-based functional foods.

10aantioxidant activity10aflavonoids10asound wave10avegetable sprouts1 aKim, Joo, Yeol1 aKang, Ye, Eun1 aLee, Soo, In1 aKim, Jin, A1 aMuthusamy, Muthusamy1 aJeong, Mi‐Jeong uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/10970010/100/102858nas a2200253 4500008004100000020002200041245006900063210005600132520212800188653001402316653001602330653001102346653002202357653002002379653001002399653001602409653001802425653001002443653003102453100001902484700002902503700001702532856005502549 2019 eng d a978-981-13-8921-400aPlant Cognition: Ability to Perceive ‘Touch’ and ‘Sound’0 aPlant Cognition Ability to Perceive Touch and Sound3 a

Plants’ sessile life-style has enabled them to develop enormous sensitivity towards their dynamic, tactile and clamorous surroundings. Consequently, besides a range of different stimuli, plants can even perceive subtle stimuli, like ‘touch’ and unanticipatedly ‘sound’. Importantly, touch sensitivity in plants is not just limited to sensitive plant and carnivorous species, which respond through eye-catchy movements; instead every plant and living plant cell senses and responds to mechanostimulation, whether intrinsic or extrinsic in nature. For instance, plant roots are extremely touch-sensitive, and upon encountering a bar- rier in soil, they are able to effectively redirect their growth to transcend it. Similarly, tendrils in climbing plants exhibit extreme sensitivity towards touch, which enable them to sense and grab a support in close vicinity. Unlike touch sensitivity, which was recognized long ago by Robert Hooke and Darwin, plants’ sensitivity towards sound has started gaining attention only recently. The past decade has seen major advances in this area of plant biology; many breakthrough discoveries were made that revealed the, otherwise debatable, ecological signifi- cance of sound perception in plants’ life. It has come to light that plants not just sense but also distinguish relevant sound among a mixture of irrelevant sound frequencies; plants distinguish buzz produced by a true pollinator among pollen thieves in the sophisticated process of buzz pollination. Similarly, plants distin- guish sound typical of a herbivore for elicitation of defence response. Interestingly, plant roots can sense sound of flowing water in order to direct their growth towards the water source. Given the similarity in the physical properties of touch and sound stimuli, many recently discovered signaling events and molecular players in touch and sound perception are noted to be common. However, in view of the contrasting responses tailored according to the stimuli, plants appear to distinguish well among the two in an ecologically meaningful manner.

10aCognition10adevelopment10aGrowth10aMechanoperception10aPlant acoustics10asound10aThigmonasty10aThigmotropism10aTouch10aVolatile organic compounds1 aSopory, Sudhir1 aMishra, Ratnesh, Chandra1 aBae, Hanhong uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-13-8922-102154nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001300041245009700054210006900151260001600220300001600236490000800252520147100260653001501731653001901746653001301765653002501778653003201803100001601835700001501851856007001866 2008 eng d a0028646X00aUltrasonic acoustic emissions in drought-stressed trees - more than signals from cavitation?0 aUltrasonic acoustic emissions in droughtstressed trees more than cJan-09-2008 a1070 - 10790 v1793 a 10acavitation10adrought stress10aembolism10atree water deficit10aultrasonicacoustic emission1 aZweifel, R.1 aZeugin, F. uhttp://blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/nph.2008.179.issue-400969nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001300041245004500054210004500099260001600144300001400160490000700174520032400181100002100505700002100526700001900547856023300566 2012 eng d a1360138500aTowards understanding plant bioacoustics0 aTowards understanding plant bioacoustics cJan-06-2012 a323 - 3250 v173 a

Little is known about plant bioacoustics. Here, we pres- ent a rationale as to why the perception of sound and vibrations is likely to have also evolved in plants. We then explain how current evidence contributes to the view that plants may indeed benefit from mechanosen- sory mechanisms thus far unsuspected.

1 aGagliano, Monica1 aMancuso, Stefano1 aRobert, Daniel uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1360138512000544https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1360138512000544?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1360138512000544?httpAccept=text/plain