01899nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245013000055210007000185260001600255300001400271490000800285520125900293100002301552700002101575700002201596700002301618700002401641856004001665 2009 eng d a0001-496600aAcoustic radiation patterns of mating calls of the túngara frog (Physalaemus pustuosus): Implications for multiple receivers0 aAcoustic radiation patterns of mating calls of the túngara frog  cNov-01-2009 a2757-27670 v1263 a

In order for a signal to be transmitted from a sender to a receiver, the receiver must be within theactive space of the signal. If patterns of sound radiation are not omnidirectional, the position as wellas the distance of the receiver relative to the sender is critical. In previous measurements of thehorizontal directivity of mating calls of frogs, the signals were analyzed using peak orroot-mean-square analysis and resulted in broadband directivities that ranged from negligible to amaximum of approximately 5 dB. Idealized laboratory measurements of the patterns of acousticradiation of the mating calls of male túngara frogs Physalaemus pustulosus, along axes relevant tothree receivers in this communication network, female frogs in the horizontal plane, and frog-eatingbats and blood-sucking flies above the ground, are reported. The highest sound pressure level wasradiated directly above the frog, with a 6 dB reduction radiated along the horizontal direction.Band-limited directivities were significantly greater than broadband directivities, with a maximumdirectivity of 20 dB in the vertical plane for harmonics near 6 kHz. The implications with regard tomating and predator-prey interactions are discussed.

1 aBernal, Ximena, E.1 aPage, Rachel, A.1 aRyan, Michael, J.1 aArgo, Theodore, F.1 aWilson, Preston, S. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.321292902060nas a2200181 4500008004100000022002500041245010400066210006900170260001600239300001200255490000700267520147400274100002701748700001801775700002201793700002001815856004301835 2009 eng d a1082-6467, 1937-242600aThe Elaborate Courtship Behavior of Stenobothrus clavatus Willemse, 1979 (Acrididae: Gomphocerinae)0 aElaborate Courtship Behavior of Stenobothrus clavatus Willemse 1 cDec-01-2009 a171-1820 v183 a

The elaborate courtship behavior of the gomphocerine grasshopper Stenobothrus clavatus, endemic to a few mountains in Greece, incorporates acoustic signalling and visual display elements to prime the conspecific female. The courtship song, produced by rubbing hind legs against an elytral vein, can be divided into four consecutive phases. The basic movements of phases I, II and IV consist of simple up and interrupted downstrokes, with sound produced during the downstroke only. In contrast, phase III is characterized by a fast sound-producing elevation of the femora, a kick of the tibiae and other visual display elements, such as a fast raising of the antennae with their dark spatulate tips during each movement cycle. The latter is strongly pronounced and therefore a characteristic feature of this species.

The stridulatory file of each hind leg consists of two parts. The proximal part bears a double row of little pegs, whereas the pegs in the distal part are regularly aligned in a single row. The proximal part of the stridulatory file is incorporated in sound production only during phase III. However, frequency spectra from different sound elements produced during phase III were similar. Nevertheless, differences are found between phase I/II and phase III/IV, which are ascribed to variations in contact pressure of the stridulatory file against the forewing, rather than to different portions of the stridulatory file being involved.

1 aOstrowski, Tim, Daniel1 aSradnick, Jan1 aStumpner, Andreas1 aElsner, Norbert uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1665/034.018.020602470nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008100041210006900122520187500191653002002066653002502086653002002111653001302131653002702144100001402171700001902185700001702204856006702221 2009 eng d00aResponses of neurons in the cat primary auditory cortex to sequential sounds0 aResponses of neurons in the cat primary auditory cortex to seque3 a

In the natural acoustic environment sounds fre- quently arrive at the two ears in quick succession. The re- sponses of a cortical neuron to acoustic stimuli can be dra- matically altered, usually suppressed, by a preceding sound. The purpose of this study was to determine if the binaural interaction evoked by a preceding sound is involved in sub- sequent suppressive interactions observed in auditory cor- tex neurons. Responses of neurons in the primary auditory cortex (AI) exhibiting binaural suppressive interactions (EO/I) were studied in barbiturate-anesthetized cats. For the major- ity (72.5%) of EO/I neurons studied, the response to a mon- aural contralateral stimulus was suppressed by a preceding monaural contralateral stimulus, but was not changed by a preceding monaural ipsilateral stimulus. For this subset of EO/I neurons, when a monaural contralateral stimulus was preceded by a binaural stimulus, the level of both the ipsilat- eral and the contralateral component of the binaural stimulus influenced the response to the subsequent monaural con- tralateral stimulus. When the contralateral level of the binau- ral stimulus was constant, increasing its ipsilateral level de- creased the suppression of the response to the subsequent monaural contralateral stimulus. When the ipsilateral level of the binaural stimulus was constant, increasing its contralat- eral level increased the suppression of the response to the subsequent monaural contralateral stimulus. These results demonstrate that the sequential inhibition of responses of AI neurons is a function of the product of a preceding binaural interaction. The magnitude of the response to the contralateral stimulus is related to, but not determined by the magnitude of the response to the preceding binaural stimulus. Possible mechanisms of this sequential interaction are discussed.

10aauditory cortex10abinaural interaction10aforward masking10amonaural10asequential interaction1 aZhang, J.1 aNakamoto, K.T.1 aKitzes, L.M. uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S030645220900575202213nas a2200133 4500008004100000245011000041210006900151520166500220100001801885700002401903700001501927700001701942856012001959 2009 eng d00aAuditory mechanics and sensitivity in the tropical butterfly Morpho peleides (Papilionoidea, Nymphalidae)0 aAuditory mechanics and sensitivity in the tropical butterfly Mor3 a

The ears of insects exhibit a broad functional diversity with the ability to detect sounds across a wide range of frequencies and intensities. In tympanal ears, the membrane is a crucial step in the transduction of the acoustic stimulus into a neural signal. The tropical butterfly Morpho peleides has an oval-shaped membrane at the base of the forewing with an unusual dome in the middle of the structure. We are testing the hypothesis that this unconventional anatomical arrangement determines the mechanical tuning properties of this butterfly ear. Using microscanning laser Doppler vibrometry to measure the vibrational characteristics of this novel tympanum, the membrane was found to vibrate in two distinct modes, depending on the frequency range: at lower frequencies (1–5 kHz) the vibration was focused at the proximal half of the posterior side of the outer membrane, while at higher frequencies (5–20 kHz) the entire membrane contributed to the vibration. The maximum deflection points of the two vibrational modes correspond to the locations of the associated chordotonal organs, suggesting that M. peleides has the capacity for frequency partitioning because of the different vibrational properties of the two membrane components. Extracellular nerve recordings confirm that the innervating chordotonal organs respond to the same frequency range of 1–20 kHz, and are most sensitive between 2 and 4 kHz, although distinct frequency discrimination was not observed. We suggest that this remarkable variation in structure is associated with function that provides a selective advantage, particularly in predator detection.

1 aLucas, K., M.1 aWindmill, J., F. C.1 aRobert, D.1 aYack, J., E. uhttp://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/doi/10.1242/jeb.032425https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1242/jeb.03242501726nas a2200193 4500008004100000245008300041210006900124520106900193653001201262653001701274653001101291653002901302653001201331653001301343100002701356700001401383700001501397856012001412 2009 eng d00aThe next step in cicada audition: measuring pico-mechanics in the cicada's ear0 anext step in cicada audition measuring picomechanics in the cica3 a

Female cicadas use sound when they select a mate from a chorus of singing males. The cicada has a tympanal ear; and the tympanal membrane, and constituent tympanal ridge, act as both acousto-mechanical transducers and frequency filters. The tympanal ridge is physically connected to a large number of mechanoreceptor neurons via a cuticular extension known as the tympanal apodeme. Using microscanning laser Doppler vibrometry, we measured for the first time the in vivo vibrations of the apodeme of female Cicadatra atra in response to the motion of the tympanum driven by sound. These measurements reveal that the nanoscale motion of the tympanal membrane is over a magnitude greater than that of the apodeme. Furthermore, the apodeme acts as an additional mechanical frequency filter, enhancing that of the tympanal ridge, narrowing the frequency band of vibration at the mechanoreceptor neurons to that of the male calling song. This study enhances our understanding of the mechanical link between the external ear of the cicada and its sensory cells.

10aapodeme10abiomechanics10aCicada10afrequency discrimination10ahearing10atympanum1 aWindmill, James, F. C.1 aSueur, J.1 aRobert, D. uhttp://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/doi/10.1242/jeb.033019https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1242/jeb.03301901511nas a2200133 4500008004100000245015500041210006900196300001000265490000800275520101100283100001801294700002401312856004101336 2009 eng d00aA re-examination of the taxonomy of the Chorthippus albomarginatus group in Europe on the basis of song and morphology (Orthoptera: Acrididae).0 areexamination of the taxonomy of the iChorthippus albomarginatus a65-970 v1523 a

A study of European sibling species of the Chorthippus albomarginatus group shows that the males could be well distinguished on the basis of the number and density of the stridulatory pegs. We recorded and analysed the calling and courtship songs of the males, as well as the stridulatory movements of the hind legs. Analysis of the stridulatory leg movements allowed us to reveal more differences between both the courtship songs and the calling songs of the European species of this group. On the basis of the morphology, calling and courtship song analysis, we describe a new species, Ch. ferdinandi sp. n., from Greece (Peloponnesus) and a new subspecies, Ch. oschei pusztaensis ssp. n., from the Balkans, Hungary, Moldova and Ukraine. Ch. bruttius Fontana & La Greca, 1999 is classified as a subspecies of Ch. karelini. We describe the phylogenetic relations between the European species of the Ch. albomarginatus group based on the courtship song complexity and courtship visual display.

1 aVedenina, YU.1 avon Helversen, Otto uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/es/node/5052400916nas a2200121 4500008004100000245006200041210006200103300001300165490000700178520053900185100002900724856004100753 2009 eng d00aNew records and a new synonym of Orthoptera from Bulgaria0 aNew records and a new synonym of Orthoptera from Bulgaria a79–1080 v243 a

After a revision of available Orthoptera collections in Bulgaria, 9 species with one subspecies are added and 15 species and one subspecies are omitted from the list of Bulgarian fauna. A supplement to the description and a diagnosis of Isophya pavelii Brunner von Wattenwyl (= Isophya rammei Peshev, syn.n. ) is presented. Full reference and distributional data for Bulgaria are given for 31 taxa. Oscillograms and frequency spectra of the songs of Barbitistes constrictus , Isophya pavelii and I. rectipennis are presented.

1 aChobanov, Dragan, Petrov uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/es/node/4815402092nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245005900055210005300114260001600167300001600183490000600199520140400205653003001609653002501639653001901664100002001683700002001703700002001723856014301743 2009 eng d a1882-893000aEFFECTS OF SOUNDS OF CRICKETS ON HUMAN'S KANSEI0 aEFFECTS OF SOUNDS OF CRICKETS ON HUMANS IKANSEII cJan-01-2009 a1137 - 11440 v83 a

We investigated the acoustical characteristic of the sounds of crickets and its physiological and psychological effect on Japanese people. The sounds of crickets belonging to Family Grylloidae were grouped into 3 clusters by using the acoustical characteristics of the sounds. For this study, 3 Grylloidae species and 2 Tettigoniidae species were selected, and the sounds were recorded in a dark room. The psychological effect, i.e., pleasantness, was investigated by administering a questionnaire, which was based on the Semantic differential (SD) method. The comfort provided by the sounds was estimated on the basis of the findings on electroencephalograms in terms of an increase in the alpha wave. From the results of the questionnaire, people preferred the sound of crickets belonging to Family Grylloidae, rather than to those of crickets belonging to Family Tettigoniidae. It seemed that there was a deep relationship between the generation of alpha wave and the duration of the silent time within the sequential sounds. On the other hand, the rate of alpha wave increase in each species was not in good agreement with the results of the questionnaire, suggesting that further study is requires to understand the relationships between psychological and physiological effect on the human’s Kansei. Finally, we proposed the effective presentation of the pleasant cricket sounds.

10acalling songs of crickets10aelectroencephalogram10aPleasant sound1 aHozumi, Satoshi1 aInagaki, Terumi1 aFukuda, Kousuke uhttps://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjske2008/8/4/8_1137/_article/-char/ja/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjske2008/8/4/8_1137/_pdf01574nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245009600055210006900151260001600220300000700236490000700243520104600250100002501296700002301321856007201344 2009 eng d a0429-288X00aTHE SALTOPTERAN FAUNA OF PORTUGAL: NEW RECORDS AND BIOGEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS (ORTHOPTEROIDEA)0 aSALTOPTERAN FAUNA OF PORTUGAL NEW RECORDS AND BIOGEOGRAPHICAL AS cJul-10-2011 a150 v413 a

The saltopteran fauna of Portugal was studied between 1992-2000. Sampling took place during field tlips, lasting yearly 5 to 14 days. Several southern, central and northern regions were visited at different times of the year. In total, 76 species (31 of Ensifera and 45 of Caelifera) were recorded, from which a C/E quotient of 1.45 was calculated. For some of the species caught, the song of the male was presented as additional taxonomic character. First records were made for nine species: Tylopsis lilifolia, Conocephalus conocephalus, Platycleis falx laticauda, two Ctenodecticus spp., Mogoplistes brunneus, Tetrix subulata, Paracimena t. bisignata. Uromenus anapaulae was found as new species and described. Using literature data, the species of Saltatoria previously mentioned for Portugal were listed, and some notes added for insufficiently known species. The biogeography of the saltatoria fauna of Portugal is discussed in relation to its origin with the result that 19 (25%) specis are endemic for the Iberian Peninsula.

1 aMartinho, Ana, Paula1 aPaiva, Maria, Rosa uhttp://www.fragmentaentomol.org/index.php/fragmenta/article/view/8102514nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260001600238300001400254490000700268520185700275653001202132653001702144653002102161653002202182100002202204700002702226856005502253 2009 eng d a0028-104200aThe evolutionary origin of auditory receptors in Tettigonioidea: the complex tibial organ of Schizodactylidae0 aevolutionary origin of auditory receptors in Tettigonioidea the  cJan-01-2009 a143 - 1460 v963 a

Audition in insects is of polyphyletic origin. Tympanal ears derived from proprioceptive or vibratory receptor organs, but many questions of the evolution of insect auditory systems are still open. Despite the rather typical bauplan of the insect body, e.g., with a fixed number of segments, tympanal ears evolved at very different places, but only ensiferans have ears at the foreleg tibia, located in the tibial organ. The homology and monophyly of ensiferan ears is controversial, and no precursor organ was unambig- uously identified for auditory receptors. The latter can only be identified by comparative study of recent atympanate taxa. These atympanate taxa are poorly investigated. In this paper, we report the neuroanatomy of the tibial organ of Comicus calcaris (Irish 1986 ), an atympanate Schizodactylid (splay-footed cricket). This representative of a Gondwana relict group has a tripartite sensory organ, homologous to tettigoniid ears. A comparison with morphology-based cladistic phylogeny indicates that the tripartite neuronal organization present in the m ajority of Tettigonioidea presumably preceded evolution of a hearing sense in the Tettigonioidea. Furthermore, the absence of a tripartite organ in Grylloidea argues against a monophyletic origin and homology of the cricket and katydid ears. The tracheal attachment of sensory neurons typical for ears of Tettigo- nioidea is present in C. calcaris and may have facilitated cooption for auditory function. The functional auditory organ was presumably formed in evolution by successive non-neural modifications of trachea and tympana. This first investigation of the neuroanatomy of Schizodactylidae suggests a non-auditory chordotonal organ as the precursor for auditory receptors of related tympanate taxa and adds evidence for the phylogenetic position of the group.

10ahearing10aneuroanatomy10aSchizodactylidae10asensory evolution1 aStrauß, Johannes1 aLakes-Harlan, Reinhard uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00114-008-0450-400980nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245008900055210006900144260001600213300001400229490000700243520040200250653001400652653001500666653003000681100002300711856006400734 2009 eng d a0096-392500aVibration communication in orthopteroid insects (Orthoptera) from suborder Caelifera0 aVibration communication in orthopteroid insects Orthoptera from  cJan-09-2009 a126 - 1280 v643 a

A review of vibration communication in suborder Caelifera is made. The vibration communication channel is found in three superfamilies—Tetrigoidea, Eumastacoidea and Acridoidea. The presence of vibration communication in Pyrgomorphoidea and Tridactyloidea is suggested. The data on vibration signals in superfamilies Pneumoroidea, Tanaoceroidea and Trigonopterygoidea are not known.

10aCaelifera10aOrthoptera10avibrational communication1 aBenediktov, A., A. uhttp://www.springerlink.com/index/10.3103/S009639250903008000298nam a2200097 4500008004100000022002200041245003700063210003700100100002200137856004100159 2009 eng d a978-951-31-4483-800aSuomen heinäsirkat ja hepokatit0 aSuomen heinäsirkat ja hepokatit1 aKarjalainen, Sami uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/es/node/13789