@article {53584,
	title = {Environmental constraints on size-dependent signaling affects mating and rival interactions},
	journal = {Behavioral Ecology},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Mar-02-2020},
	abstract = {<p>Advertisement signals can convey information about a sender\&rsquo;s characteristics, such as body size. The reliability of signals, however, can be reduced when signal production is partially dependent on the environment. Here, we assess the effect of display-site properties on the production, attractiveness and honesty of sexual signals. We recorded male t\&uacute;ngara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus) while manipulating water levels in order to constrain calling. We found that water level affected male call properties in a size-dependent manner, with call amplitude being less affected in smaller males when forced to call in shallow water. Next, we tested how size-dependent and display-site-dependent signaling affected female choice and rival competition. Both males and females showed the strongest response to the call of a large male when he was calling at the deepest water levels. However, females showed no preference for large over small males when both were recorded in shallow water levels, or, depending on the call rate and timing of calls, even preferred small males. Likewise, males responded equally to large and small rivals recorded calling during shallow water level trials. Our experiments show that display-site properties can influence signal production and attractiveness in a size-dependent manner. These results can have important consequences for the evolution of signaling, as small males may be able to use their size to their advantage when selecting appropriate display sites and thereby outcompete large males.</p>
},
	keywords = {display site, honest signaling, Physalaemus pustulosus, production constraints, sexual selection},
	issn = {1045-2249},
	doi = {10.1093/beheco/arz009},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/beheco/advance-article/doi/10.1093/beheco/arz009/5320523},
	author = {Smit, Judith A H and Loning, Hugo and Halfwerk, Wouter}
}
@article {53414,
	title = {Behavioral and neural auditory thresholds in a frog},
	journal = {Current Zoology},
	year = {2018},
	abstract = {<p>Vocalizations play a critical role in mate recognition and mate choice in a number of taxa, especially, but not limited to, orthopterans, frogs, and birds. But receivers can only recognize and prefer sounds that they can hear. Thus a fundamental question linking neurobiology and sexual selection asks\&mdash; what is the threshold for detecting acoustic sexual displays? In this study we use three methods to assess such thresholds in t\&uacute;ngara frogs: behavioral responses, auditory brainstem responses, and multi-unit electrophysiological recordings from the midbrain. We show that thresholds are lowest for multi-unit recordings (ca. 45 dB SPL), and then for behavioral responses (ca. 61 dB SPL), with auditory brainstem responses exhibiting the highest thresholds (ca. 71 dB SPL). We discuss why these estimates differ and why, as with other studies, it is unlikely that they should be the same. Although all of these studies estimate thresholds they are not measuring the same thresholds; behavioral thresholds are based on signal salience while the two neural assays estimate physiological thresholds. All three estimates, however, make it clear that to have an appreciation for detection and salience of acoustic signals we must listen to those signals through the ears of the receivers.</p>
},
	keywords = {anurans, auditory brainstem responses, auditory thresholds, mate choice, Physalaemus pustulosus, sexual selection, signal recognition thresholds, t{\'u}ngara frogs, vocalizations},
	author = {Ryan, C and Akre, Karin and Wilczynski, Walter and others}
}
