Glossary beginning with F

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F

FA

False acceptance
False alarm

faculative

"Optional." [1]

References

  1. Ragge DR, Reynolds WJ. The Songs of the Grasshoppers and Crickets of Western Europe. Colchester, Essex: Harley Books; 1998.
far field

"Distance greater than one wavelength from a sound source. In this region pressure and particle velocity are in phase and behave as plane waves." [1]

References

  1. Ewing AW. Arthropod Bioacoustics: Neurobiology and Behaviour. Ithaca, New York: Comstock; 1989.
FB

Filter bank

figure

"the smallest melodic unit whcihhas a pattern; consist of one or more beats (and/or sub-beats). (Sotavalta)." [1]

References

  1. Broughton WB. Glossarial Index. In: Acoustic Behavior of Animals. Acoustic Behavior of Animals. Elsevier; 1963.

Synonyms: melodic figure

first-order assemblage

"An assemblage one level in rank above it's specified components." [1]

References

  1. Ragge DR, Reynolds WJ. The Songs of the Grasshoppers and Crickets of Western Europe. Colchester, Essex: Harley Books; 1998.
FN

False negative

forced vibration

"A vibration directly maintained in a system by a periodic force, and having the frequency of the force." [1]

References

  1. Broughton WB. Glossarial Index. In: Acoustic Behavior of Animals. Acoustic Behavior of Animals. Elsevier; 1963.

Synonyms: forced oscillation

formant

"Principal frequenciesin the sound spectrum of a human (or analogous) utterance, which, for a particular individual, are diagnostic of particular speech-elements, especially vowels in which some three characteristic formants (different for each vowel and for each individual) are present. They are resonance frequencies originating in the vocal tract , and in some but not all cases can be attributed to parts of it. The individual differences, especially between amel and female, in the formant complement appropriate ot a given vowel might be expected to lead to confusion bya hearer, and indeed Broadbent succeeded in making an experimental audience identify one and the same synthetic sound as bit it one context and bet in another; the diagnostic properties of the formant-set of a particular individual are thus relativte to those of the rest of the utterance, which is taken intoa ccount, computer-wise, by the hearer. [1]

References

  1. Broughton WB. Glossarial Index. In: Acoustic Behavior of Animals. Acoustic Behavior of Animals. Elsevier; 1963.

Synonyms: formant frequencies

forward masking

"Overlap of teh emitted echolocation call with the echo reflected from a target because the target is too close to the bat making. The echo is said to be masked for low duty cycle bats because the bats hearingis still 'switched off' to avoid self-deafening." [1]

References

  1. Jacobs DSteve, Bastian A. Predator-Prey Interactions: Co-evolution between Bats and their Prey. Springer; 2016.
FR

False rejection

free vibration

"A vibration resulting from a disturbance of a system and having a period dpending solely on the properties of the system." [1]

References

  1. Broughton WB. Glossarial Index. In: Acoustic Behavior of Animals. Acoustic Behavior of Animals. Elsevier; 1963.
frequency

"The number of cycles or oscillations per unit time in a periodic system." [1]

"The repetition rate of the cycles of an oscillation (e.g. a sound wave). The frequency of audible sound waves is perceived by human ears as the pitch of the sound." [2]

"The rate of repetition of the cycles in a periodic quantity. The reciprocal of the period. The unit is the cycle per second (in Europe, the Hertz: 1 c/s = 1 Hz). By extension applied to recurring quantities even when successive cycles are not identical. In bio-acoustics, there is some tendency to reserve the term for the spectral components opf the elementary wave-form alone, a useful expedient for avoiding the all-too-easy confusion of these with other periodicities (such as the tooth-impact rate); periodicity and rate themselves are convenient terms for these latter." [3]

References

  1. Ewing AW. Arthropod Bioacoustics: Neurobiology and Behaviour. Ithaca, New York: Comstock; 1989.
  2. Ragge DR, Reynolds WJ. The Songs of the Grasshoppers and Crickets of Western Europe. Colchester, Essex: Harley Books; 1998.
  3. Broughton WB. Glossarial Index. In: Acoustic Behavior of Animals. Acoustic Behavior of Animals. Elsevier; 1963.
frequency modulation

"A periodic change in frequency of a carrier frequency." [1]

References

  1. Ewing AW. Arthropod Bioacoustics: Neurobiology and Behaviour. Ithaca, New York: Comstock; 1989.
frequency spectrum

"The range of frequencies in a sound." [1]

References

  1. Ragge DR, Reynolds WJ. The Songs of the Grasshoppers and Crickets of Western Europe. Colchester, Essex: Harley Books; 1998.
fret call

"More precise term for one type of distress call." [1]

References

  1. Broughton WB. Glossarial Index. In: Acoustic Behavior of Animals. Acoustic Behavior of Animals. Elsevier; 1963.
full song

"Fully developed adult song under active sex-hormone influence, in contradistinction to subsong, juvenile song." [1]

References

  1. Broughton WB. Glossarial Index. In: Acoustic Behavior of Animals. Acoustic Behavior of Animals. Elsevier; 1963.
fundamental frequency

"The frequency component of a note, usually the lowest, which provides the major proportion of the acoustic energy. Also called the first harmonic." [1]

References

  1. Ewing AW. Arthropod Bioacoustics: Neurobiology and Behaviour. Ithaca, New York: Comstock; 1989.

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Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical): Ed Baker, Katherine Bouton Alice Heaton Dimitris Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Dave Roberts, Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Vince Smith