02374nas a2200181   4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260001600201300001400217490000800231520178000239100002802019700002802047700002102075700002602096700001502122856005502137       2017                        eng d00aBehavioural response evoked by conspecific distress calls in two neotropical treefrogs0 aBehavioural response evoked by conspecific distress calls in two  cJan-12-2017  a942 - 9480 v1233 a<p>Anurans emit distress calls when attacked by predators as a defensive mechanism. As distress calls may trigger antipredator behaviour even in individuals that are not under attack, we tested whether this defensive behaviour induced behavioural changes in neighbouring conspecifics. We compared the behavioural responses of two species of Neotropical hylid frogs (genus Boana) to conspecific distress calls and white noise. Individuals of both species interrupted their vocal activity and decreased call rate after hearing the distress call. Natural variation on signal intensity calibrated among the nearest neighbours did not influence the response and we did not observe negative phonotaxis after any acoustic stimulus. Despite the fact that many predators are acoustically oriented, we could not determine if such response (reduced call rate) was induced by risk assessment or by the masking effect on advertisement calls. Boana faber responded similarly to white noise and distress calls, while B. bischoffi responded more intensely to distress calls. Duration of silence after playbacks in B. faber was longer than B. bischoffi. We suggest that, if the signals are interpreted as a risk cue by neighbouring conspecifics, each species may be preyed upon by different predators, as they may have led to distinct defensive strategies and different responses to distress calls. If risk assessment information is included in distress calls, it triggers behavioural responses only in the nearest neighbours, as we did not observe responses on the vocal activity of the interspecific chorus. Our results add relevant data about acoustic communication and interpretations by anurans, highlighting the importance of considering cues within common and widespread signals.</p>
1 aForti, Lucas, Rodriguez1 aForti, Anna, Bárbara B1 aMárquez, Rafael1 aToledo, Luís, Felipe1 aFoster, S.  uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/eth.2017.123.issue-1202606nas a2200205   4500008004100000245010200041210006900143260001600212520194500228653001802173653002602191653001202217653002902229653002402258100001702282700002302299700002002322700001502342856004302357       2017                        eng d00aRestricted responsiveness to noise interference in two anurans from the southern temperate forest0 aRestricted responsiveness to noise interference in two anurans f  cFeb-08-20183 a<p>Animals adopt different strategies to communicate by means of sound in noisy envi - ronments such that some species increase, while others decrease their vocal activity in the presence of interference. Anuran amphibians from diverse latitudes exhibit both kinds of responses. Recent studies have shown that males of Batrachyla taeniata and Batrachyla antartandica from the temperate austral forest do not call in response to the presentation of advertisement calls of sympatric congeneric species. In contrast, Batrachyla leptopus responds to these signals in a similar way as to conspecific calls. The responsiveness of B. taeniata to natural abiotic interference has also been tested and found that noises of such sources produce strong increases in vocal activity. To assess the diversity in responsiveness to acoustic intrusion in this group, we exposed males of B. leptopus and B. antartandica to prolonged pre- recorded natural abiotic noises of wind, creek, rain, and to a band- pass noise centered at 2,000 Hz, at 67 dB Sound Pressure Level (SPL). The subjects did not increase their vocal activity signifi - cantly when exposed to these sounds and to band- pass noise at increasing intensities (55&ndash;79 dB SPL). These results contrast with the increase in vocal activity observed previously in B. taeniata to continuous abiotic noise and point to the existence of di - verse strategies to confront acoustic intrusion among related species. The lack of vocal activation observed also contrasts with the responsiveness of B. leptopus to het- erospecific signals, but parallels the lack of response to such sounds in B. antartandica . Furthermore, the results obtained contrast with the responsiveness of these species to synthetic prolonged sounds observed in previous studies, suggesting that the modes of responses to acoustic intrusion may depend on previous experience, rather than having a species- specific nature.</p>
10aabiotic noise10aacoustic interference10aanurans10aaustral temperate forest10asound communication1 aPenna, Mario1 aCisternas, Javiera1 aToloza, Jessica1 aFoster, S.  uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/eth.12644