02092nas a2200181 4500008004100000245018000041210006900221520143000290653001401720653002501734653001601759653002101775100001801796700002001814700001801834700001701852856004101869 2018 eng d00aCall Characteristics of Two Sympatric and Morphologically Similar Tree Frogs Species, Polypedates megacephalus and Polypedates mutus (Anura: Rhacophoridae), from Hainan, China0 aCall Characteristics of Two Sympatric and Morphologically Simila3 a

Anuran calls are usually species-specific and therefore valued as a tool for species identification. Call characteristics are a potential honest signal in sexual selection because they often reflect male body size. Polypedates megacephalus and P. mutus are two sympatric and morphologically similar tree frogs, but it remains unknown whether their calls are associated with body size. In this study, we compared call characteristics of these two species and investigated any potential relationships with body size. We found that P. megacephalus, males produced six call types which consisting of three distinct notes, while P. mutus males produced five types consisting of two types of notes. Dominant frequency, note duration, pulse duration, and call duration exhibited significant interspecific differences. In P. megacephalus, one note exhibited a dominant frequency that was negatively correlated with body mass, snout-vent length, head length, and head width. In P. mutus, the duration of one note type was positively correlated with body mass and head width. These differences in call characteristics may play an important role in interspecific recognition. Additionally, because interspecific acoustic variation reflects body size, calls may be relevant for sexual selection. Taken together, our results confirmed that calls are a valid tool for distinguishing between the two tree-frog species in the field.

10abody size10acall characteristics10aPolypedates10asexual selection1 aLIU, Qiucheng1 aWANG, Tongliang1 aZHAI, Xiaofei1 aWANG, Jichao uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/nl/node/5762502382nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245007900055210006900134260001600203490000700219520162600226653001701852653001801869653002301887653001501910653002101925653001601946653002001962653002801982100002102010700002002031700002202051856005502073 2018 eng d a0340-544300aTemperature alters multimodal signaling and mating success in an ectotherm0 aTemperature alters multimodal signaling and mating success in an cJan-12-20180 v723 a

Temperature affects ectotherms in a variety of ways. These effects can be especially complex in sexual behaviors, as different sexes may be affected differently by temperature. We examined this in the jumping spider, Habronattus clypeatus. In this species, males court females using visual and vibratory signals. We tested whether key intersexual behaviors would change with temperature in similar, predictable ways across males and females. We first measured temperature and apparent activity of individuals across the day. We found that H. clypeatus are active across a wide range of temperatures (11–56 °C) and are most active at times of day when temperature ranges from 13 to 46 °C. Next, we performed mating experiments across behaviorally relevant temperatures. Females were more likely to allow males to progress to later stages of courtship and had higher mating rates at higher temperatures. Male visual and vibratory courtship behaviors generally became faster, higher-pitched, and lower in amplitude at higher temperatures. This relationship between temperature and signal aspects attained a roughly curvilinear shape, with an asymptote around 40 °C. Intriguingly, mating rates in the lab were highest at temperatures potentially above those during peak spider activity in the field. Our results suggest that temperature’s effects on behavior are complex and can affect males and females differently. This work emphasizes that understanding temperature effects on mating is critical to understanding sexual selection patterns particularly in species which use complex signals.

10abiotremology10acommunication10amultimodal signals10aSalticidae10asexual selection10aTemperature10aThermal ecology10aVibratory communication1 aBrandt, Erin, E.1 aKelley, Patrick1 aElias, Damian, O. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00265-018-2620-502008nas a2200241 4500008004100000245005600041210005600097520131200153653001201465653003301477653002401510653001601534653002701550653002101577653003401598653001901632653001801651100001201669700001601681700002301697700000501720856004101725 2018 eng d00aBehavioral and neural auditory thresholds in a frog0 aBehavioral and neural auditory thresholds in a frog3 a

Vocalizations play a critical role in mate recognition and mate choice in a number of taxa, especially, but not limited to, orthopterans, frogs, and birds. But receivers can only recognize and prefer sounds that they can hear. Thus a fundamental question linking neurobiology and sexual selection asks— what is the threshold for detecting acoustic sexual displays? In this study we use three methods to assess such thresholds in túngara frogs: behavioral responses, auditory brainstem responses, and multi-unit electrophysiological recordings from the midbrain. We show that thresholds are lowest for multi-unit recordings (ca. 45 dB SPL), and then for behavioral responses (ca. 61 dB SPL), with auditory brainstem responses exhibiting the highest thresholds (ca. 71 dB SPL). We discuss why these estimates differ and why, as with other studies, it is unlikely that they should be the same. Although all of these studies estimate thresholds they are not measuring the same thresholds; behavioral thresholds are based on signal salience while the two neural assays estimate physiological thresholds. All three estimates, however, make it clear that to have an appreciation for detection and salience of acoustic signals we must listen to those signals through the ears of the receivers.

10aanurans10aauditory brainstem responses10aauditory thresholds10amate choice10aPhysalaemus pustulosus10asexual selection10asignal recognition thresholds10atúngara frogs10avocalizations1 aRyan, C1 aAkre, Karin1 aWilczynski, Walter1 a uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/nl/node/5341402746nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001300041245008100054210006900135260001600204300001100220490000800231520184600239653002402085653002502109653001502134653002502149653002002174653002102194100001802215700001702233700002102250856023302271 2018 eng d a0003347200aConvenience polyandry and the role of lone and reciprocal calls in a psyllid0 aConvenience polyandry and the role of lone and reciprocal calls  cJan-11-2018 a1 - 100 v1453 a

It is widely accepted that receptivity to mating may be asymmetrical between the sexes. While reproductive benefits for males are cumulative, females may not benefit equally from polyandry, especially in species where females can store sperm. Female psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) are reportedly polyandrous. However, the adaptive significance of this mating strategy has not been thoroughly investigated. Studies involving other insect species indicate that polyandry may be driven by benefits (direct or indirect) or by the need to minimize costs associated with male harassment. Drooping she-oak psyllids, Aacanthocnema dobsoni (Triozidae), use substrate-borne vibrations for mate attraction but they are not a prerequisite for mating. We suspected that polyandry in this species could be driven by male harassment because males exhibit indiscriminate mating behaviour (consistent with a scramble competition mating strategy), often mating with unresponsive (mated) females. We investigated relationships between calling, feeding and mating status to test whether females mate to minimize harassment by males and whether they gain any direct benefits from polyandry. We found that lone calls were commonly, but reciprocal calls were rarely followed by mating. As reciprocal calls should reflect female receptivity, copulations without them highlight the existence of sexual conflict over mating. Observations revealed that feeding females were less likely to resist mating than nonfeeding females. We did not find that females obtained any direct benefits from polyandry. Our results suggest that polyandry in this species may be a consequence of male harassment and that mated females, while feeding, may remate for convenience to minimize costs associated with stylet retraction/penetration and location of new feeding sites.

10aeconomics of mating10afeeding requirements10aPsylloidea10areproductive success10asexual conflict10asexual selection1 aLubanga, U.K.1 aPeters, R.A.1 aSteinbauer, M.J. uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347218302707https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003347218302707?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003347218302707?httpAccept=text/plain02232nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001300041245012500054210006900179260001600248300001200264490000800276520134200284653002101626653002501647653001101672653001801683653002601701653001701727653002901744653002101773653001701794653003401811100002201845700002101867856006601888 2018 eng d a0003347200aThe ‘hot male’ hypothesis: do female crickets prefer males with increased body temperature in mate choice scenarios?0 ahot male hypothesis do female crickets prefer males with increas cJan-04-2018 a75 - 840 v1383 a

Insects have been extensively used as model systems to study mating preferences based on variation in acoustic signals. In many species, females perform phonotaxis towards attractive, long-range acoustic signals produced by males, whereas the final mating decision is based on an assessment of additional, multimodal, close-range cues. The production of acoustic signals is costly, because invested energy is inefficiently converted into acoustic power. Here, we investigated whether heat released as a by-product during song generation might serve as an additional cue during mate choice decisions. Males that broadcast highly energetic calling songs increased their thoracic temperature considerably above ambient temperatures. The use of this additional cue would turn the acoustic signal into an inherently bimodal one, indirectly indicating the quality of the sender. To test this hot male hypothesis, we performed trackball and Y-maze experiments with Anurogryllus muticus. For comparison, additional trackball experiments were conducted with Gryllus bimaculatus females. In all paradigms, females of both species showed no evidence of a preference for hot males and, therefore, we conclude that increases in thoracic temperature do not seem to play a role as a multimodal component in mate choice decisions in A. muticus.

10aacoustic signals10aAnurogryllus muticus10aenergy10aFemale choice10ainfrared thermography10amale quality10amultimodal communication10asexual selection10athermal cues10athoracic temperature increase1 aErregger, Bettina1 aHennig, Matthias uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347218300575