01672nas a2200181 4500008004100000245012300041210006900164520103500233653002101268653001701289653001701306653001501323653002101338100002701359700002201386700002701408856005501435 2007 eng d00aListening when there is no sexual signalling? Maintenance of hearing in the asexual bushcricket Poecilimon intermedius0 aListening when there is no sexual signalling Maintenance of hear3 a

Unisexual reproduction is a widespread phenomenon in invertebrates and lower vertebrates. If a former sexual reproducing species becomes parthe- nogenetic, we expect traits that were subject to sexual selection to diminish. The bushcricket Poecilimon intermedius is one of the few insect species with obli- gate but diploid parthenogenetic reproduction. We contrasted characters that are involved in mating in a sexually sibling species with the identical structures in the parthenogenetic P. intermedius. Central for sexual communication are male songs, while receptive females approach the males phonotactically. Com- pared to its sister-species P. ampliatus, the morphology of the hearing organs (acoustic spiracle, crista acustica) and the function of hearing (acoustic threshold) are reduced in P. intermedius. Nonetheless, hearing is clearly maintained in the parthenogenetic females. Natural selection by acoustic hunting bats, pleiotropy or a developmental trap may explain the well main- tained hearing function.

10aAuditory ecology10abioacoustics10aneuroanatomy10aRegression10aVestigialization1 aLehmann, Gerlind, U.C.1 aStrauß, Johannes1 aLakes-Harlan, Reinhard uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00359-007-0209-y02297nas a2200157 4500008004100000245013200041210006900173520170500242100001801947700002001965700002101985700002102006700001802027700002702045856006702072 1998 eng d00aStimulus transmission in the auditory receptor organs of the foreleg of bushcrickets (Tettigoniidae) I. The role of the tympana0 aStimulus transmission in the auditory receptor organs of the for3 a

The auditory organs of the tettigoniid are located just below the femoral tibial joint in the forelegs. Structurally each auditory organ consists of a tonotopically organized crista acustica and intermediate organ and associated sound conducting structures; an acoustic trachea and two lateral tympanic membranes located at the level of the receptor complex. The receptor cells and associated satellite structures are located in a channel filled with hemolymph fluid. The vibratory response characteristics of the tympanic membranes generated by sound stimulation over the frequency range 2–40 kHz have been studied using laser vibrometry. The acoustic trachea was found to be the principal structure through which sound energy reached the tympana. The velocity of propagation down the trachea was observed to be independent of the frequency and appreciably lower than the velocity of sound in free space. Structurally the tympana are found to be partially in contact with the air in the trachea and with the hemolymph in the channel containing the receptor cells. The two tympana were found to oscillate in phase, with a broad band frequency response, have linear coherent response characteristics and small time constant. Higher modes of vibration were not observed. Measurements of the pattern of vibration of the tympana showed that these structures vibrate as hinged flaps rather than vibrating stretched membranes. These findings, together with the morphology of the organ and physiological data from the receptor cells, suggest the possibility of an impedance matching function for the tympana in the transmission of acoustic energy to the receptor cells in the tettigoniid ear.

1 aBangert, Marc1 aKalmring, Klaus1 aSickmann, Thomas1 aStephen, Richard1 aJatho, Martin1 aLakes-Harlan, Reinhard uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S037859559700177901964nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245010600055210006900161260001600230300001100246490000700257520110900264653001701373653002401390653002201414653001901436653002201455653002301477100002201500700002701522856018501549 2010 eng d a1536-244200aSounds, Behaviour, and Auditory Receptors of the Armoured Ground Cricket, Acanthoplus longipes0 aSounds Behaviour and Auditory Receptors of the Armoured Ground C cJan-06-2010 a1 - 150 v103 a

The auditory sensory system of the taxon Hetrodinae has not been studied previously. Males of the African armoured ground cricket, Acanthoplus longipes (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodinae) produce a calling song that lasts for minutes and consists of verses with two pulses. About three impulses are in the first pulse and about five impulses are in the second pulse. In contrast, the disturbance stridulation consists of verses with about 14 impulses that are not separated in pulses. Furthermore, the inter-impulse intervals of both types of sounds are different, whereas verses have similar durations. This indicates that the neuronal networks for sound generation are not identical. The frequency spectrum peaks at about 15 kHz in both types of sounds, whereas the hearing threshold has the greatest sensitivity between 4 and 10 kHz. The auditory afferents project into the prothoracic ganglion. The foreleg contains about 27 sensory neurons in the crista acustica; the midleg has 18 sensory neurons, and the hindleg has 14. The auditory system is similar to those of other Tettigoniidae.

10acalling song10acourtship behaviour10adisturbance sound10ahearing system10ascolopidial organ10asensory physiology1 aKowalski, Kerstin1 aLakes-Harlan, Reinhard uhttps://academic.oup.com/jinsectscience/article-lookup/doi/10.1673/031.010.5901https://academic.oup.com/jinsectscience/article/843007/Sounds-behaviour-and-auditory-receptors-of-the01883nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001300041245016000054210006900214260001600283300001200299490000800311520117400319653001701493653002201510653001501532653001501547100002201562700002701584856006601611 2011 eng d a0944200600aTemporal patterns of intra- and interspecific acoustic signals differ in two closely related species of Acanthoplus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodinae)0 aTemporal patterns of intra and interspecific acoustic signals di cJan-02-2011 a29 - 350 v1143 a

Males of the closely related African tettigoniids Acanthoplus discoidales and Acanthoplus longipes produce a long-lasting calling song and a short disturbance sound. The temporal patterns of the sounds were analysed in respect to species differences and song type differences. The calling songs of both species consist of impulses which are separated into verses of two syllables, with fewer impulses in the first syllable. A. longipes produces more impulses in each syllable than A. discoidales and has longer verse durations, verse intervals and syllable intervals. Also, the disturbance sounds, produced after mechanical stimulation, contain distinct verses of impulses. The disturbance sound of A. longipes has a higher number of impulses per verse than that of A. discoidales. The frequency spectra of the songs in both species have similar peak frequencies (around 12.5 kHz) and both species have their greatest hearing sensitivity in the range between 5 and 10 kHz. Females of A. longipes perform phonotaxis only to songs with a species-specific temporal pattern. By contrast, females of A. discoidales react positively to calling songs of both species.

10acalling song10adisturbance sound10aHetrodinae10aphonotaxis1 aKowalski, Kerstin1 aLakes-Harlan, Reinhard uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S094420061000090502681nas a2200241 4500008004100000245022200041210006900263260001600332520180900348653001802157653001202175653001402187653002202201653002102223653002102244653001902265100002202284700002002306700002302326700002002349700002702369856004302396 2017 eng d00aEvolutionary diversification of the auditory organ sensilla in Neoconocephalus katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) correlates with acoustic signal diversification over phylogenetic relatedness and life history0 aEvolutionary diversification of the auditory organ sensilla in i cJan-03-20173 a

Neoconocephalus tettigoniids are a model for the evolution of acoustic signals as male calls have diversified in temporal structure during the radiation of the genus. Tettigoniidae have hearing organs in the forelegs with species-specific numbers of auditory sensilla in a linear crista acustica. We investigated changes of the hearing organs during an evolutionary radiation with divergence of intraspecific acoustic signals. We compared the neuroanatomy of the crista acustica from 9 Neoconocephalus species with different temporal call features, life histories, and from different phylogenetic positions. Average numbers of auditory sensilla were species-specific, ranging between 32–35 sensilla. It is likely under sexual selection for detection of male calls and natural selection for detection of bat calls. We found statistically significant differences in sensillum numbers among species, but no relationship of crista acustica length or sensillum number with phylogenetic position or life history. Statistically significant correlations existed with call patterns: species with slow pulse rates had significantly higher numbers of auditory sensilla and a longer crista acustica. Further, species with a derived double-pulsed calls had longer cristae, and continuous callers had a higher number of auditory sensilla. Correlations with crista length were stronger than with the number of auditory sensilla. The hearing organs show considerable diversity between species despite their recent divergence and morphological and ecological similarities. Thus, they have the potential to respond to various selective pressures, including divergence of temporal and spectral signal properties. Phylogenetic constraints are unlikely to limit the evolutionary change of the auditory systems.

10ahearing organ10ainsects10aradiation10asensory evolution10asexual selection10asignal evolution10atympanal organ1 aStrauß, Johannes1 aAlt, Joscha, A.1 aEkschmitt, Klemens1 aSchul, Johannes1 aLakes-Harlan, Reinhard uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jeb.1306600559nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133260002000202300001100222490000600233100002700239700002100266856013800287 2015 eng d00aPosition-dependent hearing in three species of bushcrickets (Tettigoniidae, Orthoptera)0 aPositiondependent hearing in three species of bushcrickets Tetti cOct-26-20152016 a1404730 v21 aLakes-Harlan, Reinhard1 aScherberich, Jan uhttp://rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org/lookup/doi/10.1098/rsos.140473https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1098/rsos.140473