@article {58449,
	title = {DUET SINGING AND FEMALE CHOICE IN THE BUSHCRICKET PHANEROPTERA NANA},
	journal = {Behaviour},
	year = {2001},
	abstract = {In the phaneropterine bushcricket Phaneroptera nana both males and females sing, producing a duet. The male{\textquoteright}s song is answered by a short female {\textquoteright}tick{\textquoteright}. A male that receives a response in a defined interval after the end of his chirp usually initiates phonotaxis toward the female. Measurements of temporal, spectral, and energy characters of male chirps indicate that individual males vary considerably in several temporal song characters. Females exhibited equivalent response rates to solitary singing males in laboratory trials regardless of their song characters. However, when simultaneously presented with two singing males, females showed consistent preferences: They responded preferentially to relatively longer chirps produced by larger males. Male chirp rate had no influence on female response, suggesting that females were not influenced by a summation of acoustic input integrated over multiple chirps. Rather, female {\textquoteright}decisions{\textquoteright} to respond were probably made following individual chirps.


The selective responses exhibited by Ph. nana females contradict some previous expecta- tions that females in duet signalling systems should be indiscriminate. Selectivity may reflect the reliability with which females can assess male song at a distance and potential disadvantages of attracting multiple suitors.

Laboratory trials indicated that only males receiving a high female response rate actually approach and mate with the female. Thus, this duet signalling system may be relatively resistant to intraspecific exploitation.},
	author = {Eran Tauber and Dan Cohen and Michael D. Greenfield and Meir Paul Pener}
}
@article {50770,
	title = {Evolution of synchronies in insect choruses},
	journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Feb-09-2017},
	abstract = {<p>In many acoustic insects, neighbouring males adjust their calling rhythms and broadcast a temporally structured chorus ranging from an irregular mixture of alternation and synchrony to a nearly perfect synchrony wherein most males sing in unison. Irregular synchrony can arise where females ignore calls that follow a neighbour\&rsquo;s call by a brief delay, a perception that selects for competitive male adjustments to calling rhythm that increase leading calls and ultimately yield alternation and synchrony. Such chorusing emerges as an incidental property, and the collective temporal structure may have little significance for females and males. More perfect synchronies are expected where females must perceive distinct sound envelopes before approaching a chorus or a given male. Here, selection will favour cooperative male adjustments by which neighbours align their calls, as any male who does not adjust would reduce the group\&rsquo;s attractiveness and therefore his own. We tested these expectations in two sympatric bushcrickets, Ephippiger diurnus and Sorapagus catalaunicus, that exhibit irregular and more perfect synchrony, respectively. We found, however, that females in both species prefer leading calls and must hear distinct sound envelopes. We infer that fundamental differences in perception and singing influence the relative importance of competition and cooperation, producing the two synchronies.</p>
},
	issn = {0024-4066},
	doi = {10.1093/biolinnean/blx096},
	url = {http://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article/doi/10.1093/biolinnean/blx096/4103004/Evolution-of-synchronies-in-insect-choruses},
	author = {Michael D. Greenfield and Marin-Cudraz, Thibaut and Party, Virginie}
}
