@article {58188, title = {The call of the squeak beetle: bioacoustics of Hygrobia hermanni (Fabricius, 1775) revisited (Coleoptera: Hygrobiidae)}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Hygrobiidae, or squeak beetles, originated in the Triassic-Jurassic and exhibit a relictual distribution in the Palaearctic, Oriental and Australasian regions. Hygrobiids are well known for their sound-producing abilities, although studies of their bioacoustics remain limited. Here we describe sound producing organs and bioacoustics of the Palaearctic Hygrobia hermanni (Fabricius, 1775). Plectra and pars stridens were examined in both sexes, and sound characteristics analysed. Despite small differences between male and female last abdominal ventrites, plectra were identical. Pars stridens, however, differed subtly, tooth ridges being wider in females. Calls of both sexes were harmonic, with peak frequency at 6.1\ kHz, and secondary peak at 10.9\ kHz; males exhibiting longer inter-chirp intervals. Calls changed with time in the laboratory, this possibly condition-related effect being more apparent in males. The differences found between sexes suggest that sound production in squeak beetles may function in intraspecific communication, in addition to being an antipredator device.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, Hygrobia hermanni, pars stridens, squeak beetle, stridulation}, doi = {10.1080/01650424.2020.1726963}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01650424.2020.1726963https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01650424.2020.1726963}, author = {Blair, Jordan and Bilton, David T.} } @article {58031, title = {Structural biomechanics determine spectral purity of bush-cricket calls}, year = {2017}, abstract = {

Bush-crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) generate sound using tegminal stridulation. Signalling effectiveness is affected by the widely varying acoustic parameters of temporal pattern, frequency and spectral purity (tonality). During stridulation, frequency multiplication occurs as a scraper on one wing scrapes across a file of sclerotized teeth on the other. The frequency with which these tooth-scraper interactions occur, along with radiating wing cell resonant properties, dictates both frequency and tonality in the call. Bush-cricket species produce calls ranging from resonant, tonal calls through to non-resonant, broadband signals. The differences are believed to result from differences in file tooth arrangement and wing radiators, but a systematic test of the structural causes of broadband or tonal calls is lacking. Using phylogenetically controlled structural equation models, we show that parameters of file tooth density and file length are the best-fitting predictors of tonality across 40 bush-cricket species. Features of file morphology constrain the production of spectrally pure signals, but systematic distribution of teeth alone does not explain pure-tone sound production in this family.

}, keywords = {broadband, Entropy, Orthoptera, path analysis, pure-tone, stridulation}, doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2017.0573}, url = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0573https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0573}, author = {Benedict D. Chivers and Jonsson, Thorin and Soulsbury, Carl D. and Montealegre-Z, Fernando} } @article {57390, title = {Consistency of females{\textquoteright} stridulatory behaviour during inter-sexual interactions in spiders}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

In a sexual context, it is expected that females base their choice of mate on the be- haviours that males perform during courtship, as such behaviours are associated with the male\&$\#$39;s mate quality. Stridulation is one form of female communication in arthropods, for example, spiders. In spiders, stridulation during sexual interactions is relatively common in some groups but mainly restricted to males. In the pholcid spider Holocnemus pluchei (Pholcidae), both sexes have stridulatory organs. The aims of the present work were to: (a) determine possible differences in the frequency of occurrence of stridulation between females during inter-sexual interactions, (b) es- tablish female consistency in stridulation along repeated interactions and (c) analyse if female stridulation is associated with certain male behaviours during pre-copula- tory courtship and with male size. Female H. pluchei showed highly repeatable dif- ferences in their frequency of stridulation across consecutive encounters with males (ICC = 0.64). However, only a modest level of repeatability was detected in total time females spent stridulating across trials (ICC = 0.19). Females\’ mean stridulatory be- haviour did not change across ten consecutive trials spread across 20 days, and their behaviour was apparently unaffected by male persistence of copulatory attempted and/or size. These results imply that the frequency of female stridulatory behaviour is a trait that is highly characteristic of each individual. Finally, our work opens the door to determine whether behavioural consistency manifests in other ecological contexts and their functional implications.

}, keywords = {communication, copulatory attempts, Holocnemus pluchei, pholcid, repeatability, stridulation}, doi = {10.1111/eth.12880}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/eth.12880https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/eth.12880https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/eth.12880https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/eth.12880}, author = {Calbacho-Rosa, Luc{\'\i}a and Cargnelutti, Franco and C{\'o}rdoba-Aguilar, Alex and Peretti, Alfredo V.} } @article {57384, title = {Bark beetles use a spring-loaded mechanism to produce variable song patterns}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Many insects vary their song patterns to communicate different messages, but the underlying biomechanisms are often poorly understood. Here, we report on the mechanics of sound production and variation in an elytro-tergal stridulator, male Dendroctonus valens bark beetles. Using ablation experiments coupled with high-speed video and audio recordings, we show that: (1) chirps are produced using a stridulatory file on the left elytron (forewing) and a protrusion (plectrum) on the seventh abdominal segment; (2) chirps are produced by \‘spring stridulation\’, a catch-and-release mechanism whereby the plectrum catches on a file tooth and, upon release, springs forward along the file; and (3) variability in chirp types is caused by introducing multiple catch-and-release events along the file to create regular interruptions. These results provide experimental evidence for the mechanics of elytro-tergal stridulation, and provide insight into how an insect can incorporate variability into its acoustic repertoire using a spring-loaded mechanism.

}, keywords = {Acoustic, communication, Dendroctonus valens, Insect, sound, stridulation}, doi = {10.1242/jeb.190660}, url = {http://jeb.biologists.org/lookup/doi/10.1242/jeb.190660}, author = {Lindeman, Amanda A. and Yack, Jayne E.} } @article {57364, title = {Sound production mechanism in the Brazilian spiny lobsters (Family Palinuridae)}, journal = {Zoomorphology}, year = {2019}, month = {Apr-08-2021}, abstract = {

Strident lobsters of the Palinuridae family emit sounds in the presence of predators that can be used in the acoustic monitoring of such species. This study aims to identify sound emission and describe the structures of sound mechanism in red (Panulirus meripurpuratus) and green (Panulirus laevicauda) Brazilian spiny lobsters. The lobsters were collected in the environment, and recordings were performed in laboratory tanks with submerged hydrophones. The animals were stimulated to emit sound by the presence of an artificial octopus in the tank. The sounds emitted by the lobsters were analyzed by means of the waveform, and the structures involved (plectrum and file) were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both species emitted a rasp sound composed of several pulses, with a rate varying from 125 to 265 pulses per second. The SEM showed that the file is similar between the species and it is covered by microscopic plates (shingles) measuring between 12.6 and 12.9 \μm of medial\–lateral width and 6.2 \μm and 7.1 \μm of anteroposterior length. This analysis also revealed for the first time the presence of pores (\<\ 1 \μm in diameter) with vestiges of cuticular setae in-between the shingles, which could be involved in the mechanosensory control of sound production in lobsters. The results of this study corroborate the morphological pattern of sound emission structure described for other lobsters of the genus Panulirus.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, Panulirus, Rasp, stridulation}, issn = {0720-213X}, doi = {10.1007/s00435-019-00461-5}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00435-019-00461-5}, author = {Hamilton, Santiago and Silva, Jos{\'e} Filipe and Pereira-Neves, Antonio and Travassos, Paulo and Peixoto, Silvio} } @article {53153, title = {Untersuchungen zum Stridulationsverhalten der Hirschk{\"a}fer-Larven (Lucanus cervus L.) (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)}, journal = {MITTEILUNGEN-SCHWEIZERISCHE ENTOMOLOGISCHE GESELLSCHAFT}, volume = {71}, year = {1998}, pages = {471{\textendash}479}, keywords = {larvae, Lucanus cervus, stridulation}, author = {Sprecher-Uebersax, E and Durrer, H} } @article {53110, title = {Marking by elytral clip changes stridulatory characteristics and reduces reproduction in the American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus}, journal = {Journal of Insect Conservation}, volume = {19}, year = {2015}, month = {Jan-02-2015}, pages = {155 - 162}, abstract = {

Some insects produce and use sound during multiple behaviors including many aspects of reproduction. Variation in call structure depends on the evolved mor- phological structures used to produce the sound and encode function. Beetles in the genus Nicrophorus produce strid- ulation by rubbing plectra, located on the ventral side of the elytra, against a pars stridens, located on the caudal end on the fourth and fifth abdominal segment in females and males, respectively. During field surveys for the endan- gered N. americanus, survey crews have historically used a small V-shaped notch cut in the caudal end of the right elytron to serves as a permanent marking method. No study, however, has examined the effect of this marking technique on the characters of stridulation or consequences
for reproductive behavior and fitness. Here we show that one temporal and one spectral character of sound change significantly following elytron clipping, and that repro- ductive success is significantly decreased in all breedings in which a parent beetle is elytron-clipped. We recommend replacement of this marking technique with non-invasive methods to ensure conservation of this endangered species.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, Elytron clipping, Marking technique, Nicrophorus americanus, stridulation}, issn = {1366-638X}, doi = {10.1007/s10841-015-9755-8}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10841-015-9755-8}, author = {Hall, Carrie L. and Howard, Daniel R. and Smith, Rosemary J. and Mason, Andrew C.} } @article {53107, title = {Description of Acoustic Characters and Stridulatory Pars Stridens of Nicrophorus (Coleoptera: Silphidae): A Comparison of Eight North American Species}, journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America}, volume = {106}, year = {2013}, month = {Jan-09-2013}, pages = {661 - 669}, abstract = {

Insects make use of sound in a variety of behavioral and reproductive contexts. Acoustic signals are known to serve in defense, sexual advertisement, prey location, and in cooperative activities such as offspring care and group foraging. In airborne signals produced by insects, information associated with species identi\Þcation is often related to the temporal structure of the sound, while spectral quality is more closely associated with intraspeci\Þc variation. The Nicrophorine burying beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Silphidae) are a group known to produce sound through dorso-ventro stridulation, but the bioacoustics of this group remains understudied. Here, we examine the stridu- latory sound produced by eight North American species of Nicrophorus burying beetles, testing the hypothesis that interspeci\Þc differences will be encoded in temporal characteristics of the sound, and that signal divergence will be explained by one of three mechanisms: selection as an intraspeci\Þc signal, selection for interspeci\Þc aposematism, or random divergence through drift. We digitally recorded stridulation in each species, and analyzed recordings to describe each in respect to four spectral and eight temporal acoustic characters. All species produced a low amplitude biphastic sound pulse consisting of from 58 to 126 syllables, and exhibiting weak dominant frequencies (5.8\Ð12.7 kHz). Collapsing the 12 variables into three rotated factors using principal component analysis, we found no sex-related differences in sound, but signi\Þcant interspecies divergence in respect to all three factors. We constructed a phylogeny for the group based on the morphology of the stridulatory structures and the acoustic characters, and found weak support for an intraspeci\Þc signal divergence model.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, burying beetle, Nicrophorus, sound production, stridulation}, issn = {00138746}, doi = {10.1603/AN13001}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-lookup/doi/10.1603/AN13001}, author = {Hall, Carrie L. and Mason, Andrew C. and Howard, Daniel R. and Padhi, Abinash and Smith, Rosemary J.} } @article {52782, title = {Files and scrapers: circumstantial evidence for stridulation in three species of Amblycerus, one new (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)}, journal = {Pan{\textendash}Pacific Entomologist}, volume = {69}, year = {1993}, pages = {122{\textendash}132}, abstract = {

Amblycerus stridulator NEW SPECIES,\ A. pollens (Sharp) and\ A. eustrophoides (Schaeffer) have in common a fusifrom node with transverse striations on the metepisternum and an apical tooth on the metafemur. The fusiform node (file) and the apical tooth (scraper) may be stridulatory organs. Similar structures in criocerine Chrysomelidae are discussed and compared to the bruchods.\ Ambycerus eustrophoides and\ A. pollens are redescribed.\ Ambylcerus stridulator NEW SPECIES is described from Mexico. The species differ in the sclerites in the internal sac. patterns of pubescence, and the position of the fusiform node on the metepisternum.

}, keywords = {A. eustrophoides, A. pollens, A. stridulator, Amblycerus, Bruchidae, Mexico, stridulation, taxonomy}, author = {Kingsolver, John Mark and Romero, JN and Johnson, Clarence D} } @article {52680, title = {The spider-like katydid Arachnoscelis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Listroscelidinae): anatomical study of the genus}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3666}, year = {2013}, month = {Apr-06-2013}, pages = {591}, abstract = {

This paper provides some observations on the anatomy of the neotropical katydid Arachnoscelis arachnoides Karny (In- secta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Arachnoscelis is a genus of predaceous katydids that comprise species that resemble spi- ders in their general body appearance. The type species, A. arachnoids, was described in 1891 from a single male collected in Colombia. Following the original description, these creatures were never found again, and were thought to have gone extinct or mistakenly assigned to the type locality. But between 1891 and 2012 four more species were described and in- correctly assigned to Arachnoscelis based on a similarity of body form. In this paper we present an anatomical comparai- son of Arachnoscelis and its relatives, and propose that Arachnoscelis should be treated as a monotypic genus. This implies that other species previously described in Arachnoscelis, should be placed in different genera.

}, keywords = {bushcricket, Colombia, predator, stridulation, ultrasound}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.3666.410.11646/zootaxa.3666.4.11}, url = {http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.3666.4}, author = {Montealegre-Z, Fernando and Cadena-Castaneda, Oscar J. and Benedict D. Chivers} } @article {52608, title = {Do small ermine moths sing? Possible stridulatory sound production in Yponomeutidae (Lepidoptera)}, journal = {Journal of Natural History}, volume = {51}, year = {2017}, month = {Feb-26-20172086}, pages = {1229 - 1236}, abstract = {

In the hind wings of Yponomeuta and related genera there are transparent patches without scales; within these are arrays of ridges and it is suggested these may be used to produce sounds, with the adjacent membrane acting as a resonator. Avenues for further research are explored, together with potential taxonomic implications.

}, keywords = {hearing, hind wing, sound production, stridulation, Yponomeutidae}, issn = {0022-2933}, doi = {10.1080/00222933.2017.1324063}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00222933.2017.1324063https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00222933.2017.1324063}, author = {Agassiz, David J. L.} } @article {51475, title = {Wing resonances in a new dead-leaf-mimic katydid (Tettigoniidae: Pterochrozinae) from the Andean cloud forests}, journal = {Zoologischer Anzeiger - A Journal of Comparative Zoology}, volume = {270}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-09-2017}, pages = {60 - 70}, abstract = {

Day-camouflaged leaf-mimic katydids Typophyllum spp. have a remarkable way of evading predators as male and female forewings appear as bite-damaged leaves complete with necrotic spots. As in all other katydids, males produce sound signals to attract females by rubbing their forewings together. The biophysical properties of these special leaf-like forewings remain obscure. Here we study the wing mechanics and resonances of Typophyllum spurioculis, a new species of leaf-mimic katydid with a broad distribution in the Andes from Western Ecuador to the middle Central Cordillera in Colombia. This species performs an unusual laterally directed aposematic display, showing orange spots that simulate eyes at the leg base. At night, males are conspicuous by their loud, audible calling songs, which exhibit two spectral peaks at ca. 7 and 12 kHz. Using micro-scanning laser Doppler vibrometry we find the effective sound radiators of the wings (speculae) vibrate with three modes of vibration, two of which include the frequencies observed in the calling song. Remarkably, this resonance is preserved in the parts of the wings mimicking necrotic leaves, which are in theory not specialised for sound production. The eyespot function is discussed.

}, keywords = {bush-cricket, katydid, mimetism, resonance, stridulation}, issn = {00445231}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcz.2017.10.001}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0044523117300748}, author = {Baker, Andrew and Sarria-S, Fabio A. and Glenn K. Morris and Jonsson, Thorin and Montealegre-Z, Fernando} } @article {47984, title = {New distribution records of Orthoptera of Greece}, journal = {Journal of Orthoptera Research}, volume = {26}, year = {2017}, month = {Apr-06-2019}, pages = {53 - 61}, abstract = {

New distribution data on Orthoptera of Greece are presented. Acrometopa servillea (Brull\é, 1832), Platycleis grisea (Fabricius, 1781) and Poecilimon propinquus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 are reported as new to Mt. Kitheron, the last one also as new to Nomos Biotias. Anterastes serbicus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 and Ephippiger ephippiger ephippiger (Fiebig, 1784) are reported as new to Mt. Vrondous. Platycleis escalerai escalerai Bolivar, 1899, Incertana incerta (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882), Eupholidoptera kykladica Heller, Willemse and Willemse, 2009 and Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis bordigalensis (Latreille, 1804) are new to Attiki. The last two are also new to Sterea Ellas. Platycleis affinis affinis Fieber, 1853, is new to Kiklades. Gryllus (Gryllus) campestris Linnaeus, 1758, Xya variegata (Latreille, 1809) and Xya pfaendleri Harz, 1970 are new records for Nomos Serron. Trigonidium (Trigonidium) cicindeloides Rambur, 1838 is reported as new to Macedonia. We confirm the presence of Mogoplistes brunneus Serville, 1838 at the Aegean Sea. Lastly, Paranocarodes chopardi Pechev, 1965 is reported as new to Macedonia and sound production in that species is discussed for the first time.

}, keywords = {Macedonia, new localities, occurrence, stridulation}, issn = {1082-6467}, doi = {10.3897/jor.26.14541}, url = {https://jor.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=14541}, author = {Alexiou, Sotiris} } @article {47817, title = {Southern Cricket Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) in the Czech Republic: new records and notes on the biology and stridulation}, journal = {Polish Journal of Entomology}, volume = {76}, year = {2007}, pages = {47-55}, chapter = {47}, abstract = {Recently, the population of Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis consisting of more than ten males has been observed in Novosedly railway station in the most south-eastern part of the Czech Republic during 2004-2006. The individuals occupied railway embankment composed of coarse grit. Single male was found on other place at Mušlov sand pit. In southern Moravia, this species probably occurs on the northern edge of its range. The adults occur from the beginning of June to the beginning of September. The calling song of males of E. bordigalensis from Novosedly consists of long, uninterrupted sequence of syllables which lasts several minutes. The normal duration of syllables were 0.122-0.149 s, they are consisted of 11-13 impulses and the carrier frequency shows a band between 4.6-15.5 KHz.}, keywords = {bionomics, Czech Republic, distribution, Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis, faunistics, stridulation}, author = {Jaroslav Holu{\v s}a and Petr Ko{\v c}{\'a}rek and Robert Vlk and Pavel Marhoul} } @article {11813, title = {Elytro-tergal stridulation in weevils (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)}, journal = {Journal of Natural History}, volume = {30}, year = {1996}, pages = {703-773}, chapter = {703}, abstract = {Many Curculionidae, Scolytidae and Platypodidae stridulate by rubbing a plectrum on tergite VII against a subapical file on the elytral underside. The file on the right elytron may be smaller than that on the left, or absent; on either elytron it usually comprises a series of parallel ridges. The plectrum generally consists of one or more pair of setiferous tubercles, although other structures are sometimes employed. This stridulatory system ({\textquoteleft}type 1{\textquoteright}) is found in members of 14 curculionid subfamilies and in Scolytidae. Platypodidae have a similar and probably homologous organ, although the morphology of the file differs somewhat from that found elsewhere and the plectrum is a simple flange. Within Curculionidae three other elytro-tergal stridulatory systems have been found. Firstly, in some Cossoninae and Molytinae, the file is a row of tubercles on tergite VII and the plectrum is a ridge on the elytron ({\textquoteleft}type 2{\textquoteright}); this is newly reported here. Secondly, females of Ithyporini, some Camptorhinini and some Cryptorhynchini have part of the wing binding patch on tergite VII modified to act as a file, with a plectrum on the elytra ({\textquoteleft}type 3{\textquoteright}). Thirdly, some Amycterinae have a file of ridges on tergite VII and a plectrum on the elytra ({\textquoteleft}type 4{\textquoteright}), apparently an autapomorphy of a restricted group of species. In addition, some Curculionidae have a plectrum on the hind femur and a file on the abdominal sternum (some Cryptorhynchinae) or elytron (some Otidocephalinae). Scolytidae have at least three other stridulatory organs: two on the head and one involving the elytra and sternum VIII. Some systematic conclusions are drawn: the clear homology of the type 1 structures in Scolytidae and the majority of the stridulating Curculionidae indicates that the Curculionidae is paraphyletic with respect to the Scolytidae; Scolytidae should therefore be treated as a subfamily of Curculionidae. The structure of the platypodid file and plectrum provide equivocal information and do not aid resolution of the phylogenetic placement of this family. Monophyly of some Ithyporini and Camptorhinini is suggested by the distribution of type 3, but there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate paraphyly of the Cryptorhynchini. The distribution of type 2 does not indicate monophyly of the Cossoninae and Molytinae since the structures in the two are almost certainly homoplastic. All known records of elytro-tergal stridulatory organs in the Scolytidae, Platypodidae and Curculionidae are listed.}, keywords = {classification, Curculionidae, Curculionoidea, morphology, Platypodidae, Scolytidae, stridulation}, doi = {10.1080/00222939600770391}, author = {C.H.C. Lyal and T. King} } @article {11176, title = {True Katydids (Pseudophyllinae) from Guadeloupe: Acoustic Signals and Functional Considerations of Song Production}, journal = {Journal of Insect Science}, volume = {13}, year = {2013}, month = {Jan-12-2013}, pages = {1 - 16}, abstract = {

Guadeloupe, the largest of the Leeward Islands, harbors three species of Pseudophyllinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) belonging to distinct tribes. This study examined the basic aspects of sound production and acousto-vibratory behavior of these species. As the songs of many Pseudophyllinae are complex and peak at high frequencies, they require high quality recordings. Wild specimens were therefore recorded ex situ. Collected specimens were used in structure-function experiments. Karukerana aguilari Bonfils (Pterophyllini) is a large species with a mirror in each tegmen and conspicuous folds over the mirror. It sings 4\–6 syllables, each comprising 10\–20 pulses, with several peaks in the frequency spectrum between 4 and 20 kHz. The song is among the loudest in Orthoptera (\> 125 dB SPL in 10 cm distance). The folds are protective and have no function in song production. Both mirrors may work independently in sound radiation. Nesonotus reticulatus (Fabricius) (Cocconotini) produces verses from two syllables at irregular intervals. The song peaks around 20 kHz. While singing, the males often produce a tremulation signal with the abdomen at about 8\–10 Hz. To our knowledge, it is the first record of simultaneous calling song and tremulation in Orthoptera. Other males reply to the tremulation with their own tremulation. Xerophyllopteryx fumosa (Brunner von Wattenwyl) (Pleminiini) is a large, bark-like species, producing a syllable of around 20 pulses. The syllables are produced with irregular rhythms (often two with shorter intervals). The song peaks around 2\–3 kHz and 10 kHz. The hind wings are relatively thick and are held between the half opened tegmina during singing. Removal of the hind wings reduces song intensity by about 5 dB, especially of the low frequency component, suggesting that the hind wings have a role in amplifying the song.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, bush-cricket, stridulation}, issn = {1536-2442}, doi = {10.1673/031.013.15701}, url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1673/031.013.15701}, author = {Stumpner, Andreas and Dann, Angela and Schink, Matthias and Gubert, Silvia and Hugel, Sylvain} } @article {11175, title = {Ultrasonic reverse stridulation in the spider-like katydid Arachnoscelis (Orthoptera: Listrosceledinae)}, journal = {Bioacoustics}, volume = {23}, year = {2014}, month = {Feb-01-2014}, pages = {67 - 77}, abstract = {

This paper illustrates the biomechanics of sound production in the neotropical predaceous katydid Arachnoscelis arachnoides (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Described and previously known from only one male specimen, this genus of predaceous katydids resembles spiders in their general body appearance. To call distant females, male katydids produce songs by stridulation where one forewing possessing a sclerotized file rubs against a row of teeth (scraper) on the other wing. In most katydid species, the songs are produced during the wing-closing phase of the stridulation. Morphological comparative studies of the stridulatory apparatus of the type specimen of Arachnoscelis arachnoides and males of other closely related species suggest that this insect sings with a frequency of ca. 80 kHz to attract conspecific females. We found an abundant population of A. arachnoides in Central Northeast of Colombia and undertook a complete analysis of the biomechanics of stridulation in this species. Using ultrasound-sensitive equipment and high-speed video, we determined that male A. arachnoides sing at ca. 74 kHz and use elastic energy and wing deformation to reach such ultrasonic frequencies. In contrast to most katydids, males of this species produce their calls during the opening phase of the wing; this form of stridulation is discussed.

}, keywords = {biomechanics, Colombia, elastic energy, stridulation, ultrasound}, issn = {0952-4622}, doi = {10.1080/09524622.2013.816639}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09524622.2013.816639}, author = {Benedict D. Chivers and Jonsson, Thorin and Cadena-Castaneda, Oscar J. and Fernando Montealegre-Zapata} } @article {11174, title = {Sound generation in Mantis religiosa (Mantodea: Mantidae): stridulatory structures and acoustic signal}, journal = {Journal of Orthoptera Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2007}, month = {Jan-06-2007}, pages = {35 - 49}, abstract = {

Several species of mantids perform defensive displays during close-range encounters with predators. In adult Mantis religiosa, this display entails both visual and acoustic components, the latter being abdominoalary stridulation. Stridulatory modifications of the abdomen and hindwings and acoustic properties of the defensive sounds of M. religiosa are characterized here for the first time. Defensive sounds are generated via an abdominoalary mechanism involving contact between teeth found on the longitudinal veins of the metathoracic wings and pegs located on the abdominal pleura. Defensive stridulation in M. religiosa is highly variable in both spectral and time domains. Inter-individual variability may be stochastically greater than intra-individual variability for at least one acoustic parameter (peak frequency). The loudest portion of a sound emission (syllable), or down-pulse, has an average duration of 195 ms and features an abrupt rise to maximum amplitude. Inter-syllabic intervals are irregular and rate of syllable production depends on a mantid\&$\#$39;s sex. The acoustic output of M. religiosa is nonresonant, broadband, and of relatively low intensity. A minor ultrasonic component may be present in the spectra of these mantids (particularly in males). The modal peak frequency range (4 kHz interval) is 8-12 kHz (mean range \∼7.4-9.4 kHz). Acoustic parameters which appear to vary between the sexes and/or among females at different reproductive stages, may be related to the sexual size dimorphism of this species and morphological constraints associated with egg-bearing. The acoustic output of M. religiosa is considered with reference to its intended receivers and plausible mechanisms of predator deterrence.

}, keywords = {acoustics, defense, display, disturbance, mantid, stridulation}, issn = {1082-6467}, doi = {10.1665/1082-6467(2007)16[35:SGIMRM]2.0.CO;2}, url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1665/1082-6467\%282007\%2916\%5B35\%3ASGIMRM\%5D2.0.CO\%3B2}, author = {Hill, Stephanie A.} } @article {11173, title = {Panoploscelis specularis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae): extraordinary female sound generator, male description, male protest and calling signals}, journal = {Journal of Orthoptera Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2003}, month = {Jan-12-2003}, pages = {173 - 181}, abstract = {

Females of Panoploscelis specularis present a dramatic modification of their forewings for stridulation. The female generator is illustrated and its distinct form contrasted with that of males. The physical form of the signals that females might produce is inferred; male calling and protest signals are characterized. The male of P. specularis is described for the first time.

}, keywords = {acoustics, Colombia, defense, Ecuador, katydid, stridulation}, issn = {1082-6467}, doi = {10.1665/1082-6467(2003)012[0173:PSOTPE]2.0.CO;2}, url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1665/1082-6467\%282003\%29012\%5B0173\%3APSOTPE\%5D2.0.CO\%3B2}, author = {Fernando Montealegre-Zapata and Guerra, Patrick A. and Glenn K. Morris} }