01797nas a2200169 4500008004100000245013000041210006900171520111900240653001701359653002201376653001801398653001801416653001701434100001801451700002201469856013601491 2020 eng d00aThe call of the squeak beetle: bioacoustics of Hygrobia hermanni (Fabricius, 1775) revisited (Coleoptera: Hygrobiidae)0 acall of the squeak beetle bioacoustics of iHygrobia hermannii Fa3 a

Hygrobiidae, or squeak beetles, originated in the Triassic-Jurassic and exhibit a relictual distribution in the Palaearctic, Oriental and Australasian regions. Hygrobiids are well known for their sound-producing abilities, although studies of their bioacoustics remain limited. Here we describe sound producing organs and bioacoustics of the Palaearctic Hygrobia hermanni (Fabricius, 1775). Plectra and pars stridens were examined in both sexes, and sound characteristics analysed. Despite small differences between male and female last abdominal ventrites, plectra were identical. Pars stridens, however, differed subtly, tooth ridges being wider in females. Calls of both sexes were harmonic, with peak frequency at 6.1 kHz, and secondary peak at 10.9 kHz; males exhibiting longer inter-chirp intervals. Calls changed with time in the laboratory, this possibly condition-related effect being more apparent in males. The differences found between sexes suggest that sound production in squeak beetles may function in intraspecific communication, in addition to being an antipredator device.

10abioacoustics10aHygrobia hermanni10apars stridens10asqueak beetle10astridulation1 aBlair, Jordan1 aBilton, David, T. uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01650424.2020.1726963https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01650424.2020.172696301941nas a2200205 4500008004100000245007600041210006900117520123000186653001401416653001201430653001501442653001801457653001401475653001701489100002601506700002001532700002401552700002801576856013101604 2017 eng d00aStructural biomechanics determine spectral purity of bush-cricket calls0 aStructural biomechanics determine spectral purity of bushcricket3 a

Bush-crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) generate sound using tegminal stridulation. Signalling effectiveness is affected by the widely varying acoustic parameters of temporal pattern, frequency and spectral purity (tonality). During stridulation, frequency multiplication occurs as a scraper on one wing scrapes across a file of sclerotized teeth on the other. The frequency with which these tooth-scraper interactions occur, along with radiating wing cell resonant properties, dictates both frequency and tonality in the call. Bush-cricket species produce calls ranging from resonant, tonal calls through to non-resonant, broadband signals. The differences are believed to result from differences in file tooth arrangement and wing radiators, but a systematic test of the structural causes of broadband or tonal calls is lacking. Using phylogenetically controlled structural equation models, we show that parameters of file tooth density and file length are the best-fitting predictors of tonality across 40 bush-cricket species. Features of file morphology constrain the production of spectrally pure signals, but systematic distribution of teeth alone does not explain pure-tone sound production in this family.

10abroadband10aEntropy10aOrthoptera10apath analysis10apure-tone10astridulation1 aChivers, Benedict, D.1 aJonsson, Thorin1 aSoulsbury, Carl, D.1 aMontealegre-Z, Fernando uhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0573https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsbl.2017.057302556nas a2200205 4500008004100000245009700041210007100138520168500209653001801894653002401912653002301936653001201959653001801971653001701989100002802006700002402034700002902058700002502087856023802112 2019 eng d00aConsistency of females' stridulatory behaviour during inter‐sexual interactions in spiders0 aConsistency of females stridulatory behaviour during inter‐sexua3 a

In a sexual context, it is expected that females base their choice of mate on the be‐ haviours that males perform during courtship, as such behaviours are associated with the male's mate quality. Stridulation is one form of female communication in arthropods, for example, spiders. In spiders, stridulation during sexual interactions is relatively common in some groups but mainly restricted to males. In the pholcid spider Holocnemus pluchei (Pholcidae), both sexes have stridulatory organs. The aims of the present work were to: (a) determine possible differences in the frequency of occurrence of stridulation between females during inter‐sexual interactions, (b) es‐ tablish female consistency in stridulation along repeated interactions and (c) analyse if female stridulation is associated with certain male behaviours during pre‐copula‐ tory courtship and with male size. Female H. pluchei showed highly repeatable dif‐ ferences in their frequency of stridulation across consecutive encounters with males (ICC = 0.64). However, only a modest level of repeatability was detected in total time females spent stridulating across trials (ICC = 0.19). Females’ mean stridulatory be‐ haviour did not change across ten consecutive trials spread across 20 days, and their behaviour was apparently unaffected by male persistence of copulatory attempted and/or size. These results imply that the frequency of female stridulatory behaviour is a trait that is highly characteristic of each individual. Finally, our work opens the door to determine whether behavioural consistency manifests in other ecological contexts and their functional implications.

10acommunication10acopulatory attempts10aHolocnemus pluchei10apholcid10arepeatability10astridulation1 aCalbacho‐Rosa, Lucía1 aCargnelutti, Franco1 aCórdoba‐Aguilar, Alex1 aPeretti, Alfredo, V. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/eth.12880https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/eth.12880https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/eth.12880https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/eth.1288001646nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008100041210006900122520107500191653001301266653001801279653002401297653001101321653001001332653001701342100002501359700002001384856006001404 2019 eng d00aBark beetles use a spring-loaded mechanism to produce variable song patterns0 aBark beetles use a springloaded mechanism to produce variable so3 a

Many insects vary their song patterns to communicate different messages, but the underlying biomechanisms are often poorly understood. Here, we report on the mechanics of sound production and variation in an elytro-tergal stridulator, male Dendroctonus valens bark beetles. Using ablation experiments coupled with high-speed video and audio recordings, we show that: (1) chirps are produced using a stridulatory file on the left elytron (forewing) and a protrusion (plectrum) on the seventh abdominal segment; (2) chirps are produced by ‘spring stridulation’, a catch-and-release mechanism whereby the plectrum catches on a file tooth and, upon release, springs forward along the file; and (3) variability in chirp types is caused by introducing multiple catch-and-release events along the file to create regular interruptions. These results provide experimental evidence for the mechanics of elytro-tergal stridulation, and provide insight into how an insect can incorporate variability into its acoustic repertoire using a spring-loaded mechanism.

10aAcoustic10acommunication10aDendroctonus valens10aInsect10asound10astridulation1 aLindeman, Amanda, A.1 aYack, Jayne, E. uhttp://jeb.biologists.org/lookup/doi/10.1242/jeb.19066002158nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245008400055210006900139260001600208520148700224653001701711653001401728653000901742653001701751100002301768700002501791700002701816700002101843700002001864856005601884 2019 eng d a0720-213X00aSound production mechanism in the Brazilian spiny lobsters (Family Palinuridae)0 aSound production mechanism in the Brazilian spiny lobsters Famil cApr-08-20213 a

Strident lobsters of the Palinuridae family emit sounds in the presence of predators that can be used in the acoustic monitoring of such species. This study aims to identify sound emission and describe the structures of sound mechanism in red (Panulirus meripurpuratus) and green (Panulirus laevicauda) Brazilian spiny lobsters. The lobsters were collected in the environment, and recordings were performed in laboratory tanks with submerged hydrophones. The animals were stimulated to emit sound by the presence of an artificial octopus in the tank. The sounds emitted by the lobsters were analyzed by means of the waveform, and the structures involved (plectrum and file) were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both species emitted a rasp sound composed of several pulses, with a rate varying from 125 to 265 pulses per second. The SEM showed that the file is similar between the species and it is covered by microscopic plates (shingles) measuring between 12.6 and 12.9 μm of medial–lateral width and 6.2 μm and 7.1 μm of anteroposterior length. This analysis also revealed for the first time the presence of pores (< 1 μm in diameter) with vestiges of cuticular setae in-between the shingles, which could be involved in the mechanosensory control of sound production in lobsters. The results of this study corroborate the morphological pattern of sound emission structure described for other lobsters of the genus Panulirus.

10abioacoustics10aPanulirus10aRasp10astridulation1 aHamilton, Santiago1 aSilva, José, Filipe1 aPereira-Neves, Antonio1 aTravassos, Paulo1 aPeixoto, Silvio uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00435-019-00461-500534nas a2200157 4500008004100000245011400041210007000155300001400225490000700239653001100246653001900257653001700276100002500293700001400318856004400332 1998 eng d00aUntersuchungen zum Stridulationsverhalten der Hirschkäfer-Larven (Lucanus cervus L.) (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)0 aUntersuchungen zum Stridulationsverhalten der HirschkäferLarven  a471–4790 v7110alarvae10aLucanus cervus10astridulation1 aSprecher-Uebersax, E1 aDurrer, H uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/pt-pt/node/5315302015nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245014500055210006900200260001600269300001400285490000700299520121800306653001701524653002101541653002201562653002701584653001701611100002101628700002301649700002401672700002201696856005501718 2015 eng d a1366-638X00aMarking by elytral clip changes stridulatory characteristics and reduces reproduction in the American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus0 aMarking by elytral clip changes stridulatory characteristics and cJan-02-2015 a155 - 1620 v193 a

Some insects produce and use sound during multiple behaviors including many aspects of reproduction. Variation in call structure depends on the evolved mor- phological structures used to produce the sound and encode function. Beetles in the genus Nicrophorus produce strid- ulation by rubbing plectra, located on the ventral side of the elytra, against a pars stridens, located on the caudal end on the fourth and fifth abdominal segment in females and males, respectively. During field surveys for the endan- gered N. americanus, survey crews have historically used a small V-shaped notch cut in the caudal end of the right elytron to serves as a permanent marking method. No study, however, has examined the effect of this marking technique on the characters of stridulation or consequences
for reproductive behavior and fitness. Here we show that one temporal and one spectral character of sound change significantly following elytron clipping, and that repro- ductive success is significantly decreased in all breedings in which a parent beetle is elytron-clipped. We recommend replacement of this marking technique with non-invasive methods to ensure conservation of this endangered species.

10abioacoustics10aElytron clipping10aMarking technique10aNicrophorus americanus10astridulation1 aHall, Carrie, L.1 aHoward, Daniel, R.1 aSmith, Rosemary, J.1 aMason, Andrew, C. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10841-015-9755-802700nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001300041245016900054210006900223260001600292300001400308490000800322520184800330653001702178653001902195653001602214653002102230653001702251100002102268700002202289700002302311700001902334700002402353856006902377 2013 eng d a0013874600aDescription of Acoustic Characters and Stridulatory Pars Stridens of Nicrophorus (Coleoptera: Silphidae): A Comparison of Eight North American Species0 aDescription of Acoustic Characters and Stridulatory iPars Stride cJan-09-2013 a661 - 6690 v1063 a

Insects make use of sound in a variety of behavioral and reproductive contexts. Acoustic signals are known to serve in defense, sexual advertisement, prey location, and in cooperative activities such as offspring care and group foraging. In airborne signals produced by insects, information associated with species identiÞcation is often related to the temporal structure of the sound, while spectral quality is more closely associated with intraspeciÞc variation. The Nicrophorine burying beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Silphidae) are a group known to produce sound through dorso-ventro stridulation, but the bioacoustics of this group remains understudied. Here, we examine the stridu- latory sound produced by eight North American species of Nicrophorus burying beetles, testing the hypothesis that interspeciÞc differences will be encoded in temporal characteristics of the sound, and that signal divergence will be explained by one of three mechanisms: selection as an intraspeciÞc signal, selection for interspeciÞc aposematism, or random divergence through drift. We digitally recorded stridulation in each species, and analyzed recordings to describe each in respect to four spectral and eight temporal acoustic characters. All species produced a low amplitude biphastic sound pulse consisting of from 58 to 126 syllables, and exhibiting weak dominant frequencies (5.8Ð12.7 kHz). Collapsing the 12 variables into three rotated factors using principal component analysis, we found no sex-related differences in sound, but signiÞcant interspecies divergence in respect to all three factors. We constructed a phylogeny for the group based on the morphology of the stridulatory structures and the acoustic characters, and found weak support for an intraspeciÞc signal divergence model.

10abioacoustics10aburying beetle10aNicrophorus10asound production10astridulation1 aHall, Carrie, L.1 aMason, Andrew, C.1 aHoward, Daniel, R.1 aPadhi, Abinash1 aSmith, Rosemary, J. uhttps://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-lookup/doi/10.1603/AN1300101468nas a2200241 4500008004100000245012900041210006900170300001400239490000700253520073000260653002100990653001501011653001901026653001501045653001401060653001101074653001701085653001301102100002701115700001501142700002501157856004401182 1993 eng d00aFiles and scrapers: circumstantial evidence for stridulation in three species of Amblycerus, one new (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)0 aFiles and scrapers circumstantial evidence for stridulation in t a122–1320 v693 a

Amblycerus stridulator NEW SPECIES, A. pollens (Sharp) and A. eustrophoides (Schaeffer) have in common a fusifrom node with transverse striations on the metepisternum and an apical tooth on the metafemur. The fusiform node (file) and the apical tooth (scraper) may be stridulatory organs. Similar structures in criocerine Chrysomelidae are discussed and compared to the bruchods. Ambycerus eustrophoides and A. pollens are redescribed. Ambylcerus stridulator NEW SPECIES is described from Mexico. The species differ in the sclerites in the internal sac. patterns of pubescence, and the position of the fusiform node on the metepisternum.

10aA. eustrophoides10aA. pollens10aA. stridulator10aAmblycerus10aBruchidae10aMexico10astridulation10ataxonomy1 aKingsolver, John, Mark1 aRomero, JN1 aJohnson, Clarence, D uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/pt-pt/node/5278201687nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245012600055210006900181260001600250300000800266490000900274520095700283653001601240653001301256653001301269653001701282653001501299100002801314700003201342700002601374856005701400 2013 eng d a1175-532600aThe spider-like katydid Arachnoscelis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Listroscelidinae): anatomical study of the genus0 aspiderlike katydid iArachnoscelisi Orthoptera Tettigoniidae List cApr-06-2013 a5910 v36663 a

This paper provides some observations on the anatomy of the neotropical katydid Arachnoscelis arachnoides Karny (In- secta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Arachnoscelis is a genus of predaceous katydids that comprise species that resemble spi- ders in their general body appearance. The type species, A. arachnoids, was described in 1891 from a single male collected in Colombia. Following the original description, these creatures were never found again, and were thought to have gone extinct or mistakenly assigned to the type locality. But between 1891 and 2012 four more species were described and in- correctly assigned to Arachnoscelis based on a similarity of body form. In this paper we present an anatomical comparai- son of Arachnoscelis and its relatives, and propose that Arachnoscelis should be treated as a monotypic genus. This implies that other species previously described in Arachnoscelis, should be placed in different genera.

10abushcricket10aColombia10apredator10astridulation10aultrasound1 aMontealegre-Z, Fernando1 aCadena-Castaneda, Oscar, J.1 aChivers, Benedict, D. uhttp://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.3666.401061nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245010200055210006900157260002000226300001600246490000700262520034200269653001200611653001400623653002100637653001700658653001800675100002600693856013600719 2017 eng d a0022-293300aDo small ermine moths sing? Possible stridulatory sound production in Yponomeutidae (Lepidoptera)0 aDo small ermine moths sing Possible stridulatory sound productio cFeb-26-20172086 a1229 - 12360 v513 a

In the hind wings of Yponomeuta and related genera there are transparent patches without scales; within these are arrays of ridges and it is suggested these may be used to produce sounds, with the adjacent membrane acting as a resonator. Avenues for further research are explored, together with potential taxonomic implications.

10ahearing10ahind wing10asound production10astridulation10aYponomeutidae1 aAgassiz, David, J. L. uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00222933.2017.1324063https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00222933.2017.132406302038nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001300041245011500054210006900169260001600238300001200254490000800266520125900274653001701533653001201550653001301562653001401575653001701589100001801606700002401624700002201648700002001670700002801690856006601718 2017 eng d a0044523100aWing resonances in a new dead-leaf-mimic katydid (Tettigoniidae: Pterochrozinae) from the Andean cloud forests0 aWing resonances in a new deadleafmimic katydid Tettigoniidae Pte cJan-09-2017 a60 - 700 v2703 a

Day-camouflaged leaf-mimic katydids Typophyllum spp. have a remarkable way of evading predators as male and female forewings appear as bite-damaged leaves complete with necrotic spots. As in all other katydids, males produce sound signals to attract females by rubbing their forewings together. The biophysical properties of these special leaf-like forewings remain obscure. Here we study the wing mechanics and resonances of Typophyllum spurioculis, a new species of leaf-mimic katydid with a broad distribution in the Andes from Western Ecuador to the middle Central Cordillera in Colombia. This species performs an unusual laterally directed aposematic display, showing orange spots that simulate eyes at the leg base. At night, males are conspicuous by their loud, audible calling songs, which exhibit two spectral peaks at ca. 7 and 12 kHz. Using micro-scanning laser Doppler vibrometry we find the effective sound radiators of the wings (speculae) vibrate with three modes of vibration, two of which include the frequencies observed in the calling song. Remarkably, this resonance is preserved in the parts of the wings mimicking necrotic leaves, which are in theory not specialised for sound production. The eyespot function is discussed.

10abush-cricket10akatydid10amimetism10aresonance10astridulation1 aBaker, Andrew1 aSarria-S, Fabio, A.1 aMorris, Glenn, K.1 aJonsson, Thorin1 aMontealegre-Z, Fernando uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S004452311730074801751nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245005300055210005300108260001600161300001200177490000700189520122500196653001401421653001901435653001501454653001701469100002101486856005001507 2017 eng d a1082-646700aNew distribution records of Orthoptera of Greece0 aNew distribution records of Orthoptera of Greece cApr-06-2019 a53 - 610 v263 a

New distribution data on Orthoptera of Greece are presented. Acrometopa servillea (Brullé, 1832), Platycleis grisea (Fabricius, 1781) and Poecilimon propinquus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 are reported as new to Mt. Kitheron, the last one also as new to Nomos Biotias. Anterastes serbicus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 and Ephippiger ephippiger ephippiger (Fiebig, 1784) are reported as new to Mt. Vrondous. Platycleis escalerai escalerai Bolivar, 1899, Incertana incerta (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882), Eupholidoptera kykladica Heller, Willemse and Willemse, 2009 and Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis bordigalensis (Latreille, 1804) are new to Attiki. The last two are also new to Sterea Ellas. Platycleis affinis affinis Fieber, 1853, is new to Kiklades. Gryllus (Gryllus) campestris Linnaeus, 1758, Xya variegata (Latreille, 1809) and Xya pfaendleri Harz, 1970 are new records for Nomos Serron. Trigonidium (Trigonidium) cicindeloides Rambur, 1838 is reported as new to Macedonia. We confirm the presence of Mogoplistes brunneus Serville, 1838 at the Aegean Sea. Lastly, Paranocarodes chopardi Pechev, 1965 is reported as new to Macedonia and sound production in that species is discussed for the first time.

10aMacedonia10anew localities10aoccurrence10astridulation1 aAlexiou, Sotiris uhttps://jor.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1454101543nas a2200229 4500008004100000245015200041210006900193300001000262490000700272520079700279653001401076653001901090653001701109653003401126653001501160653001701175100002201192700002001214700001601234700001901250856004401269 2007 eng d00aSouthern Cricket Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) in the Czech Republic: new records and notes on the biology and stridulation0 aSouthern Cricket Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis Orthoptera Grylli a47-550 v763 aRecently, the population of Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis consisting of more than ten males has been observed in Novosedly railway station in the most south-eastern part of the Czech Republic during 2004-2006. The individuals occupied railway embankment composed of coarse grit. Single male was found on other place at Mušlov sand pit. In southern Moravia, this species probably occurs on the northern edge of its range. The adults occur from the beginning of June to the beginning of September. The calling song of males of E. bordigalensis from Novosedly consists of long, uninterrupted sequence of syllables which lasts several minutes. The normal duration of syllables were 0.122-0.149 s, they are consisted of 11-13 impulses and the carrier frequency shows a band between 4.6-15.5 KHz.10abionomics10aCzech Republic10adistribution10aEumodicogryllus bordigalensis10afaunistics10astridulation1 aHoluša, Jaroslav1 aKočárek, Petr1 aVlk, Robert1 aMarhoul, Pavel uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/pt-pt/node/4781703208nas a2200217 4500008004100000245008000041210006900121300001200190490000700202520252100209653001902730653001802749653001902767653001502786653001702801653001502818653001702833100001702850700001302867856011002880 1996 eng d00aElytro-tergal stridulation in weevils (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)0 aElytrotergal stridulation in weevils Insecta Coleoptera Curculio a703-7730 v303 aMany Curculionidae, Scolytidae and Platypodidae stridulate by rubbing a plectrum on tergite VII against a subapical file on the elytral underside. The file on the right elytron may be smaller than that on the left, or absent; on either elytron it usually comprises a series of parallel ridges. The plectrum generally consists of one or more pair of setiferous tubercles, although other structures are sometimes employed. This stridulatory system (‘type 1’) is found in members of 14 curculionid subfamilies and in Scolytidae. Platypodidae have a similar and probably homologous organ, although the morphology of the file differs somewhat from that found elsewhere and the plectrum is a simple flange. Within Curculionidae three other elytro-tergal stridulatory systems have been found. Firstly, in some Cossoninae and Molytinae, the file is a row of tubercles on tergite VII and the plectrum is a ridge on the elytron (‘type 2’); this is newly reported here. Secondly, females of Ithyporini, some Camptorhinini and some Cryptorhynchini have part of the wing binding patch on tergite VII modified to act as a file, with a plectrum on the elytra (‘type 3’). Thirdly, some Amycterinae have a file of ridges on tergite VII and a plectrum on the elytra (‘type 4’), apparently an autapomorphy of a restricted group of species. In addition, some Curculionidae have a plectrum on the hind femur and a file on the abdominal sternum (some Cryptorhynchinae) or elytron (some Otidocephalinae). Scolytidae have at least three other stridulatory organs: two on the head and one involving the elytra and sternum VIII. Some systematic conclusions are drawn: the clear homology of the type 1 structures in Scolytidae and the majority of the stridulating Curculionidae indicates that the Curculionidae is paraphyletic with respect to the Scolytidae; Scolytidae should therefore be treated as a subfamily of Curculionidae. The structure of the platypodid file and plectrum provide equivocal information and do not aid resolution of the phylogenetic placement of this family. Monophyly of some Ithyporini and Camptorhinini is suggested by the distribution of type 3, but there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate paraphyly of the Cryptorhynchini. The distribution of type 2 does not indicate monophyly of the Cossoninae and Molytinae since the structures in the two are almost certainly homoplastic. All known records of elytro-tergal stridulatory organs in the Scolytidae, Platypodidae and Curculionidae are listed.10aclassification10aCurculionidae10aCurculionoidea10amorphology10aPlatypodidae10aScolytidae10astridulation1 aLyal, C.H.C.1 aKing, T. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/pt-pt/content/elytro-tergal-stridulation-weevils-insecta-coleoptera-curculionoidea02619nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245011900055210006900174260001600243300001100259490000700270520190700277653001702184653001702201653001702218100002202235700001702257700002102274700001902295700001902314856005602333 2013 eng d a1536-244200aTrue Katydids (Pseudophyllinae) from Guadeloupe: Acoustic Signals and Functional Considerations of Song Production0 aTrue Katydids Pseudophyllinae from Guadeloupe Acoustic Signals a cJan-12-2013 a1 - 160 v133 a

Guadeloupe, the largest of the Leeward Islands, harbors three species of Pseudophyllinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) belonging to distinct tribes. This study examined the basic aspects of sound production and acousto-vibratory behavior of these species. As the songs of many Pseudophyllinae are complex and peak at high frequencies, they require high quality recordings. Wild specimens were therefore recorded ex situ. Collected specimens were used in structure-function experiments. Karukerana aguilari Bonfils (Pterophyllini) is a large species with a mirror in each tegmen and conspicuous folds over the mirror. It sings 4–6 syllables, each comprising 10–20 pulses, with several peaks in the frequency spectrum between 4 and 20 kHz. The song is among the loudest in Orthoptera (> 125 dB SPL in 10 cm distance). The folds are protective and have no function in song production. Both mirrors may work independently in sound radiation. Nesonotus reticulatus (Fabricius) (Cocconotini) produces verses from two syllables at irregular intervals. The song peaks around 20 kHz. While singing, the males often produce a tremulation signal with the abdomen at about 8–10 Hz. To our knowledge, it is the first record of simultaneous calling song and tremulation in Orthoptera. Other males reply to the tremulation with their own tremulation. Xerophyllopteryx fumosa (Brunner von Wattenwyl) (Pleminiini) is a large, bark-like species, producing a syllable of around 20 pulses. The syllables are produced with irregular rhythms (often two with shorter intervals). The song peaks around 2–3 kHz and 10 kHz. The hind wings are relatively thick and are held between the half opened tegmina during singing. Removal of the hind wings reduces song intensity by about 5 dB, especially of the low frequency component, suggesting that the hind wings have a role in amplifying the song.

10abioacoustics10abush-cricket10astridulation1 aStumpner, Andreas1 aDann, Angela1 aSchink, Matthias1 aGubert, Silvia1 aHugel, Sylvain uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1673/031.013.1570102155nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210006900184260001600253300001200269490000700281520136500288653001701653653001301670653001901683653001701702653001501719100002601734700002001760700003201780700003301812856006801845 2014 eng d a0952-462200aUltrasonic reverse stridulation in the spider-like katydid Arachnoscelis (Orthoptera: Listrosceledinae)0 aUltrasonic reverse stridulation in the spiderlike katydid iArach cFeb-01-2014 a67 - 770 v233 a

This paper illustrates the biomechanics of sound production in the neotropical predaceous katydid Arachnoscelis arachnoides (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Described and previously known from only one male specimen, this genus of predaceous katydids resembles spiders in their general body appearance. To call distant females, male katydids produce songs by stridulation where one forewing possessing a sclerotized file rubs against a row of teeth (scraper) on the other wing. In most katydid species, the songs are produced during the wing-closing phase of the stridulation. Morphological comparative studies of the stridulatory apparatus of the type specimen of Arachnoscelis arachnoides and males of other closely related species suggest that this insect sings with a frequency of ca. 80 kHz to attract conspecific females. We found an abundant population of A. arachnoides in Central Northeast of Colombia and undertook a complete analysis of the biomechanics of stridulation in this species. Using ultrasound-sensitive equipment and high-speed video, we determined that male A. arachnoides sing at ca. 74 kHz and use elastic energy and wing deformation to reach such ultrasonic frequencies. In contrast to most katydids, males of this species produce their calls during the opening phase of the wing; this form of stridulation is discussed.

10abiomechanics10aColombia10aelastic energy10astridulation10aultrasound1 aChivers, Benedict, D.1 aJonsson, Thorin1 aCadena-Castaneda, Oscar, J.1 aMontealegre-Zapata, Fernando uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09524622.2013.81663902436nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245010700055210006900162260001600231300001200247490000700259520175500266653001402021653001202035653001202047653001602059653001102075653001702086100002402103856009102127 2007 eng d a1082-646700aSound generation in Mantis religiosa (Mantodea: Mantidae): stridulatory structures and acoustic signal0 aSound generation in Mantis religiosa Mantodea Mantidae stridulat cJan-06-2007 a35 - 490 v163 a

Several species of mantids perform defensive displays during close-range encounters with predators. In adult Mantis religiosa, this display entails both visual and acoustic components, the latter being abdominoalary stridulation. Stridulatory modifications of the abdomen and hindwings and acoustic properties of the defensive sounds of M. religiosa are characterized here for the first time. Defensive sounds are generated via an abdominoalary mechanism involving contact between teeth found on the longitudinal veins of the metathoracic wings and pegs located on the abdominal pleura. Defensive stridulation in M. religiosa is highly variable in both spectral and time domains. Inter-individual variability may be stochastically greater than intra-individual variability for at least one acoustic parameter (peak frequency). The loudest portion of a sound emission (syllable), or down-pulse, has an average duration of 195 ms and features an abrupt rise to maximum amplitude. Inter-syllabic intervals are irregular and rate of syllable production depends on a mantid's sex. The acoustic output of M. religiosa is nonresonant, broadband, and of relatively low intensity. A minor ultrasonic component may be present in the spectra of these mantids (particularly in males). The modal peak frequency range (4 kHz interval) is 8-12 kHz (mean range ∼7.4-9.4 kHz). Acoustic parameters which appear to vary between the sexes and/or among females at different reproductive stages, may be related to the sexual size dimorphism of this species and morphological constraints associated with egg-bearing. The acoustic output of M. religiosa is considered with reference to its intended receivers and plausible mechanisms of predator deterrence.

10aacoustics10adefense10adisplay10adisturbance10amantid10astridulation1 aHill, Stephanie, A. uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1665/1082-6467%282007%2916%5B35%3ASGIMRM%5D2.0.CO%3B201211nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245016400055210006900219260001600288300001400304490000700318520039100325653001400716653001300730653001200743653001200755653001200767653001700779100003300796700002400829700002200853856009400875 2003 eng d a1082-646700aPanoploscelis specularis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae): extraordinary female sound generator, male description, male protest and calling signals0 aPanoploscelis specularis Orthoptera Tettigoniidae Pseudophyllina cJan-12-2003 a173 - 1810 v123 a

Females of Panoploscelis specularis present a dramatic modification of their forewings for stridulation. The female generator is illustrated and its distinct form contrasted with that of males. The physical form of the signals that females might produce is inferred; male calling and protest signals are characterized. The male of P. specularis is described for the first time.

10aacoustics10aColombia10adefense10aEcuador10akatydid10astridulation1 aMontealegre-Zapata, Fernando1 aGuerra, Patrick, A.1 aMorris, Glenn, K. uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1665/1082-6467%282003%29012%5B0173%3APSOTPE%5D2.0.CO%3B2