@article {53569, title = {Bat Predation and Its Influence on Calling Behavior in Neotropical Katydids}, journal = {Science}, volume = {238}, year = {1987}, month = {Feb-10-1987}, pages = {64 - 67}, abstract = {

Insectivorous bats have influenced the development of antipredator behavior in moths, green lacewings, crickets, and mantids; until recently, such adaptations were unknown in katydids. Foliage-gleaning bats in Panama can use the female-attracting, airborne calling songs of nocturnal katydids to locate prey. They also feed heavily on these insects. Katydid species sympatric with these bats exhibit markedly reduced calling song duty cycles. Males supplement shortened songs with complex, species-specific tremulations that generate vibrations that are inaudible to bats but reach conspecific females through a shared plant substrate. Female katydids do not call audibly but are also preyed on in large numbers, perhaps as a result of moving toward calling males.

}, issn = {0036-8075}, doi = {10.1126/science.238.4823.64}, url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.238.4823.64https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1126/science.238.4823.64}, author = {Belwood, Jacqueline Janine and Glenn K. Morris} } @article {52683, title = {Songs and Systematics of Some Tettigoniidae from Colombia and Ecuador I. Pseudophyllinae (Orthoptera)}, journal = {Journal of Orthoptera Research}, year = {1999}, month = {Jan-11-1999}, pages = {163}, abstract = {

This paper provides taxonomic description for 16 species of pseudophylline katydid. Analysis of the calling songs is given for all but one. Among 14 genera Mystron and Stetharasa are new. Eleven new species are described from four Provinces in Ecuador: Morona Santiago, Pichincha, Los Rios and Napo, and two southern Departamentos of Colombia: Valle del Cauca and Risaralda. The diverse species-specific calling songs of Pseudophyllinae are comprised of either transient or sinusoidal pulses. The carrier frequency song spectrum occurs in conjunction with these two pulse types, as either a band (transient pulse, low Q) or a single dominant narrow-peak carrier (sinusoidal, high Q). And stridulatory file morphology differs accordingly. Principal carriers in the songs of the species described here range from the audio to the low ultrasonic (20-30 kHz); overall among pseudophylline species whose songs are known (n = 65), a majority (75\%) incorporate high Q pulses.

}, issn = {10826467}, doi = {10.2307/3503439}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3503439?origin=crossref}, author = {Z., Fernando Montealegre and Glenn K. Morris} } @article {51484, title = {Song Structure and Description of Some Costa Rican Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)}, journal = {Transactions of the American Entomological Society}, volume = {108}, year = {1982}, pages = {287-314}, chapter = {287}, abstract = {

The physical features of the calling songs of a dozen species of Tettigoniidae from Costa Rica are recorded and analyzed. A new species, Cocconotus pusillus, is described from the cloud forest.

Several forms from the understory of lowland rainforest utilize high-Q (sinusoidal) carrier frequencies in the ultrasonic range and to this end the sound generating regions of the tegmina are uniquely strengthened. Relative to other katydids, these insects show what may be adaptations for avoidance of predatory bats: elongate antennae, lowered thresholds for elicitation of defensive behaviour and a severely curtailed signal emission time. It is proposed that reduced signal dura tion has placed a selective premium on localization efficiency during pair formation. The ultrasonic pure tone carrier, functioning in conjunction with highly directional ear slits, may be an adaptation to enhance localization.

}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/25078301}, author = {Glenn K. Morris and Max Beier} } @article {50909, title = {Morphological determinants of carrier frequency signal in katydids (Orthoptera): a comparative analysis using biophysical evidence}, journal = {Journal of Evolutionary Biology}, year = {2017}, month = {Apr-09-2018}, abstract = {

Male katydids produce mating calls by stridulation using specialized structures on the forewings. The right wing (RW) bears a scraper connected to a drum-like cell known as the mirror and a left wing (LW) that overlaps the RW and bears a serrated vein on the ventral side, the stridulatory file. Sound is generated with the scraper sweeping across the file, producing vibrations that are amplified by the mirror. Using this sound generator, katydids exploit a range of song carrier frequencies (CF) unsurpassed by any other insect group, with species singing as low as 600 Hz and others as high as 150 kHz. Sound generator size has been shown to scale negatively with CF, but such observations derive from studies based on few species, without phylogenetic control, and/or using only the RW mirror length. We carried out a phylogenetic comparative analysis involving 94 species of katydids to study the relationship between LW and RW components of the sound generator and the CF of the male\&$\#$39;s mating call, while taking into account body size and phylogenetic relationships. The results showed that CF negatively scaled with all morphological measures, but was most strongly related to components of the sound generation system (file, LW and RW mirrors). Interestingly, the LW mirror (reduced and non-functional) predicted CF more accurately than the RW mirror, and body size is not a reliable CF predictor. Mathematical models were verified on known species for predicting CF in species for which sound is unknown (e.g. fossils or museum specimens).

}, doi = {10.1111/jeb.13179}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jeb.13179}, author = {Fernando Montealegre-Zapata and Ogden, Jessica and Jonsson, Thorin and Soulsbury, Carl D.} } @article {43232, title = {The Seasonal Succession of Orthopteran Stridulation near Raleigh, North Carolina}, journal = {Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society}, volume = {67}, year = {1951}, month = {June 1951}, pages = {87-95}, chapter = {87}, author = {B. B. Fulton} } @article {11176, title = {True Katydids (Pseudophyllinae) from Guadeloupe: Acoustic Signals and Functional Considerations of Song Production}, journal = {Journal of Insect Science}, volume = {13}, year = {2013}, month = {Jan-12-2013}, pages = {1 - 16}, abstract = {

Guadeloupe, the largest of the Leeward Islands, harbors three species of Pseudophyllinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) belonging to distinct tribes. This study examined the basic aspects of sound production and acousto-vibratory behavior of these species. As the songs of many Pseudophyllinae are complex and peak at high frequencies, they require high quality recordings. Wild specimens were therefore recorded ex situ. Collected specimens were used in structure-function experiments. Karukerana aguilari Bonfils (Pterophyllini) is a large species with a mirror in each tegmen and conspicuous folds over the mirror. It sings 4\–6 syllables, each comprising 10\–20 pulses, with several peaks in the frequency spectrum between 4 and 20 kHz. The song is among the loudest in Orthoptera (\> 125 dB SPL in 10 cm distance). The folds are protective and have no function in song production. Both mirrors may work independently in sound radiation. Nesonotus reticulatus (Fabricius) (Cocconotini) produces verses from two syllables at irregular intervals. The song peaks around 20 kHz. While singing, the males often produce a tremulation signal with the abdomen at about 8\–10 Hz. To our knowledge, it is the first record of simultaneous calling song and tremulation in Orthoptera. Other males reply to the tremulation with their own tremulation. Xerophyllopteryx fumosa (Brunner von Wattenwyl) (Pleminiini) is a large, bark-like species, producing a syllable of around 20 pulses. The syllables are produced with irregular rhythms (often two with shorter intervals). The song peaks around 2\–3 kHz and 10 kHz. The hind wings are relatively thick and are held between the half opened tegmina during singing. Removal of the hind wings reduces song intensity by about 5 dB, especially of the low frequency component, suggesting that the hind wings have a role in amplifying the song.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, bush-cricket, stridulation}, issn = {1536-2442}, doi = {10.1673/031.013.15701}, url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1673/031.013.15701}, author = {Stumpner, Andreas and Dann, Angela and Schink, Matthias and Gubert, Silvia and Hugel, Sylvain} }