@inbook {58473, title = {Chapter 26: The role of hearing in mosquito behaviour}, booktitle = {Sensory ecology of disease vectors}, year = {2022}, pages = {683-708}, publisher = {Wageningen Academic Publishers}, organization = {Wageningen Academic Publishers}, abstract = {

Mosquitoes generate sounds by flapping their wings in flight, which are thought to have a role in acoustic communication. Furthermore, the auditory organs of mosquitoes are the most sensitive among all arthropods reported so far. However, the function of hearing in mosquitoes is still unclear, and various debates have been raised in the scientific community. This book chapter reviews current knowledge about mosquito hearing, and is directed to the mosquito ecology community. First, we review acoustical aspects of hearing which need to be taken into account to understand the capabilities of insect sensory systems across a range of distances (near-field/far-field, active/reactive field and air particle velocity/pressure). Second, the basic mechanism of antennal hearing is explained in terms of sound-level and frequency sensitivities, interactions with the Johnston\’s organ and spatial hearing. Third, we review a range of theories behind the role of the acoustic interactions between male and female mosquitoes (harmonic convergence, rapid frequency modulation and species-specificity), and discuss some of the main interpretations of these behaviours. Finally, we discuss the hearing range of mosquitoes in relation to communication and sound traps.

}, keywords = {distortion products, harmonic convergence, mating behaviour, rapid frequency modulation, sound trap}, isbn = {9789086863808, 9789086869329}, doi = {10.3920/978-90-8686-932-9_26}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-932-9_26}, author = {Feug{\`e}re, L. and Sim{\~o}es, P.M.V. and Russell, I.J. and Gibson, G.} } @inbook {57920, title = {Phonetic Variation in Cat{\textendash}Human Communication}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

In this chapter, the phonetic variation of the vocal communication between domestic cats and humans is summarised and described, based on previous research as well as more recent studies and observations. Emphasis lies on classifying and describing the different vocalisation types of the cat using phonetic methods and terminology. The articulation, phonetic transcription and acoustic patterns of the most common vocalisation types are described. In addition, the segments (vowel and consonants), the prosody (the tone, intonation, rhythm and dynamics) of cat sounds as well as human perception of cat vocalisations is summarised.

}, keywords = {Cat vocalisations, Cat{\textendash}human communication, Phonetic description and transcription of cat sounds}, isbn = {978-3-030-30733-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-30734-910.1007/978-3-030-30734-9_14}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-30734-9}, author = {Sch{\"o}tz, Susanne}, editor = {Pastorinho, M. Ramiro and Sousa, Ana Catarina A.} } @inbook {57890, title = {Glossarial Index}, booktitle = {Acoustic Behavior of Animals}, year = {1963}, publisher = {Elsevier}, organization = {Elsevier}, author = {W.B. Broughton} } @inbook {57889, title = {Plant Cognition: Ability to Perceive {\textquoteleft}Touch{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteleft}Sound{\textquoteright}}, booktitle = {Sensory Biology of Plants}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Plants\’ sessile life-style has enabled them to develop enormous sensitivity towards their dynamic, tactile and clamorous surroundings. Consequently, besides a range of different stimuli, plants can even perceive subtle stimuli, like \‘touch\’ and unanticipatedly \‘sound\’. Importantly, touch sensitivity in plants is not just limited to sensitive plant and carnivorous species, which respond through eye-catchy movements; instead every plant and living plant cell senses and responds to mechanostimulation, whether intrinsic or extrinsic in nature. For instance, plant roots are extremely touch-sensitive, and upon encountering a bar- rier in soil, they are able to effectively redirect their growth to transcend it. Similarly, tendrils in climbing plants exhibit extreme sensitivity towards touch, which enable them to sense and grab a support in close vicinity. Unlike touch sensitivity, which was recognized long ago by Robert Hooke and Darwin, plants\’ sensitivity towards sound has started gaining attention only recently. The past decade has seen major advances in this area of plant biology; many breakthrough discoveries were made that revealed the, otherwise debatable, ecological signifi- cance of sound perception in plants\’ life. It has come to light that plants not just sense but also distinguish relevant sound among a mixture of irrelevant sound frequencies; plants distinguish buzz produced by a true pollinator among pollen thieves in the sophisticated process of buzz pollination. Similarly, plants distin- guish sound typical of a herbivore for elicitation of defence response. Interestingly, plant roots can sense sound of flowing water in order to direct their growth towards the water source. Given the similarity in the physical properties of touch and sound stimuli, many recently discovered signaling events and molecular players in touch and sound perception are noted to be common. However, in view of the contrasting responses tailored according to the stimuli, plants appear to distinguish well among the two in an ecologically meaningful manner.

}, keywords = {Cognition, development, Growth, Mechanoperception, Plant acoustics, sound, Thigmonasty, Thigmotropism, Touch, Volatile organic compounds}, isbn = {978-981-13-8921-4}, doi = {10.1007/978-981-13-8922-110.1007/978-981-13-8922-1_6}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-13-8922-1}, author = {Mishra, Ratnesh Chandra and Bae, Hanhong}, editor = {Sopory, Sudhir} } @inbook {57633, title = {Neuroethology of Acoustic Communication}, year = {1978}, abstract = {

Insects were among the first terrestrial animals that began to use acoustic signals for communication between conspecifics. Nowadays insects, which rely on acoustic cues in looking for a mate, must have highly specialized sensory systems capable of extracting the conspecific signal from the acoustic environment and for detecting predators. The latter task has become very important for sound producing insects because they demask themselves by their own sound emissions. This chapter concentrates on Orthopterans (gryllids, tettigonioids and acridids) in an attempt to illustrate the basic principles of nervous mechanisms underlying acoustic behavior. Orthopterans are chosen for this neuroethological approach, because their acoustic behavior, the neural mechanisms of sound production and sound reception, their development, genetics and evolution are better known than in all other insects. The long-range goal of the neuroethological approach discussed in this chapter is to understand the functions and interactions of nerve cells, receptors, and effector organs during the performance of acoustic behavior. The connections between neurophysiology and classical ethology have been strengthened in many promising ways. Electromyographic recordings in freely moving animals have provided a detailed description of stridulatory patterns in terms of neurophysiological events at the level of individual motor units. Certainly, the CNS is able to produce the specific patterns of stridulation even after deafferentation, but often only for a limited time. A population of individually tuned neurons performs auditory information processing on the level of thoracic and known brain neuropiles. Each neuron is characterized by definite preferential areas in the intensity-frequency field, certain directional sensitivity and time resolution. It seems probable that the neuronal circuits, which are independent of the recognition networks, perform the sound localization and the measurement of loudness

}, isbn = {9780120242139}, doi = {10.1016/S0065-2806(08)60267-2}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0065280608602672}, author = {Eisner, Norbert and Popov, Andrej V.} } @inbook {57555, title = {Be loved, be prey, be eaten}, year = {2014}, abstract = {

Animal communication is one of the most fundamental of all social behaviors. It modulates interactions among neighbors and strangers, siblings and parents, and individuals and their prospective mates. One of the most fundamental functions of communication is to enhance the sender\’s conspicuousness, to cause the sender to stand out against the background so it can be detected by the receiver. This is a challenge for signals that function over long distances, such as those that function in territorial advertisement and mate attraction, because signal intensity and fidelity decrease with distance from the sender. At longer distances a signal is less likely to be above the receiver\’s threshold for detection and recognition, and it is also more likely to be masked by noise as the intensity of noise at the receiver is independent of its distance from the sender.

Another type of noise is generated by conspecifics signaling in the same channel. We may perceive a chorus of frogs or insects as a melodious, even co- operative unit. But to members of the chorus the calls of their neighbors are every bit as deleterious to their own call\’s ability to be detected as is environ- mental noise. There is also \“noise\” within the perceptual systems of the receiver that ameliorates signal detection. One example is habituation. Upon continual exposure to a signal, an animal will tend to ignore it, and some of the animal\’s neurons will cease to fire. Another type of perceptual noise is incremental forgetting of a signal once it is perceived. Some signals are more\ memorable than others, surviving longer in the receiver\’s memory. The importance of conspecific noise and perceptual noise is usually less appreciated in animal communication studies than is environmental noise.

Selection often will favor senders to produce communication signals that stand out against these three types of background noise. Conspicuousness is accomplished in a variety of ways. In the acoustic domain animals can use fre- quency bands that contain less noise; they can call longer, at a faster rate, or at a higher amplitude; they can call during periods when others are silent; and they can produce calls that are more complex. Visual signals can stand out more against background when their spectral properties and spatial patterns differ from those in the background, when colors are brighter and patterns are more complex, and when motion patterns associated with the signal, such as push-up displays in lizards, are different than the pattern of background movement, such as vegetation being blow in the wind (e.g., Fleishman, 1992). Increasing signal complexity in both the acoustic and visual domains can to some extent remedy the receiver habituating to and forgetting a signal. There is less known about how chemical, tactile, and electrical signals can enhance contrast with the background.

In a survey of preferences for sexual signals, Michael Ryan and Anne Keddy-Hector (1992) showed that across modalities prospective mates tended to prefer sexual signals that were greater in magnitude: longer and louder, faster and brighter, more complex and with more background contrast. Although there were numerous cases in which prospective mates preferred signals that were near the population mean, there were few cases in which there was a preference for signals of lesser magnitude. A simple rule of thumb for sexual signals is that more is better. Selection for signal efficacy, however, creates a dilemma for the sender: the curse of unintended receivers. In general, each signal has evolved under selection to communi- cate with a specific intended receiver. In the case of sexual advertisement sig- nals, the intended receivers are prospective mates, usually female conspecifics. Other receivers can also detect and respond to signals even if there was no selection on the sender to communicate with them. We refer to these receivers as eavesdroppers or unintended receivers. It is important to note that the terms intended and unintended should not imply intention- ality but instead refer to hypotheses about the selection forces that favored the evolution of these signals. With few exceptions, senders and receivers do not communicate in a private channel. The world is populated by unin- tended receivers, eavesdroppers who are attendant to the signals of senders, often to the demise of senders. In this chapter we explore the tension that exists in sexual communication systems between being conspicuous to\ potential mates and attracting eavesdroppers, between being loved, being prey, and being eaten.

}, author = {Rachel A. Page and Michael J. Ryan and Ximena E. Bernal} } @inbook {53302, title = {Furnariidae Species Classification Using Extreme Learning Machines and Spectral Information}, year = {2018}, pages = {170 - 180}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {

Automatic bird species classification and identification are issues that have aroused interest in recent years. The main goals involve more exhaustive environmental monitoring and natural resources managing. One of the more relevant characteristics of calling birds is the vocalisation because this allows to recognise species or identify new ones, to know its natural history and macro-systematic relations, among others. In this work, some spectral-based features and extreme learning machines (ELM) are used to perform bird species classification. The experiments were carried on using 25 species of the family Furnariidae that inhabit the Paranaense Littoral region of Argentina (South America) and were validated in a cross-validation scheme. The results show that ELM classifier obtains high classification rates, more than 90\% in accuracy, and the proposed features overperform the baseline features.

}, keywords = {Auditory representation, Birds classification, Extreme learning machines, Spectral information}, isbn = {978-3-030-03927-1}, issn = {0302-9743}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-03928-810.1007/978-3-030-03928-8_14}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-03928-8}, author = {Albornoz, E. M. and Vignolo, L. D. and Sarquis, J. A. and Mart{\'\i}nez, C. E.}, editor = {Simari, Guillermo R. and Ferm{\'e}, Eduardo and Guti{\'e}rrez Segura, Flabio and Rodr{\'\i}guez Melquiades, Jos{\'e} Antonio} } @inbook {53265, title = {Machine Learning Techniques for Quantifying Geographic Variation in Leach{\textquoteright}s Storm-Petrel (Hydrobates leucorhous) Vocalizations}, booktitle = {Machine Learning for Ecology and Sustainable Natural Resource Management}, year = {2018}, pages = {295{\textendash}312}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, abstract = {

Leach\’s storm-petrel (Hydrobates leucorhous), a nocturnal seabird that breeds in the Northern hemisphere, has geographically separated populations in the North Atlantic and North Pacific. Although some mixing occurs during the non-breeding season, genetic evidence demonstrates that these populations are diverging. However, genetic information for the study of phylogenetics can be costly and time-consuming to obtain. Vocalizations could offer a more cost-effective way of obtaining similar information (or could be used in conjunction with it). In this chapter, we examine if the chatter call of the Leach\’s storm-petrel can be used to classify the Atlantic and Pacific populations. We used a machine learning context by testing several implementations of random forests and boosted regression trees in the R and Python programming languages. We discuss the implementations with respect to accuracy, speed, and memory handling. We found that random forests from the h2o and \‘randomForest\’ packages in R performed best with regards to accuracy, \‘randomForest\’ and \‘gbm\’ performing best with regards to speed, and \‘tensor forest\’ and \‘h2o\’ implementations performing best with regards to memory. Furthermore, we were able to classify the Atlantic versus Pacific populations of Leach\’s storm-petrel with AUC values \>0.8 (generally considered \‘good\’ in ecology). We expect that this could be adapted on a larger scale to assist taxonomic classification without having to perform invasive DNA sampling on many individuals of sensitive populations.

}, author = {Humphries, Grant RW and Rachel T. Buxton and Jones, Ian L} } @inbook {53056, title = {Stridulaton in leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)}, booktitle = {Novel aspects of the biology of Chrysomelidae}, year = {1994}, pages = {319 - 325}, publisher = {Springer Netherlands}, organization = {Springer Netherlands}, address = {Dordrecht}, abstract = {

The morphology of all known stridulatory organs of the Chrysomelidae is described. Bioacoustic data are reviewed and phylogenetic considerations are outlined. All stridulatory devices of Chrysomelidae consist of a pars stridens made up of a number of parallel cuticular ribs, and a plectrum which is either formed by a single cuticular ridge (Zeugophorinae, Megalopodinae, Hispinae and Cassidinae) or a patch of uniform cuticular denticles (Criocerinae). Three types of stridulatory organs have been de- scribed in the literature: mesoscuto-pronotal (Zeugophorinae, Megalopodinae, Clytrinae), abdomino-elytral (Crio-cerinae) and vertico-pronotal (Hispinae and Cassidinae).

Those Chrysomelidae possessing a mesoscuto-pronotal organ are probably more closely related to certain Cerambycidae. The particular abdominoelytral organ of the Criocerinae is a synapo- morphy of the taxa belonging to that subfamily. The pars stridens was primarily composed of two medially separated fields of parallel ribs on the 8th abdominal tergite. In the course of evolution these fields fused into a single file. The vertico-pronotal device of Hispinae and Cassidinae is probably a primary feature of these two subfamilies which must have been reduced several times during their evolution.

}, isbn = {978-94-010-4783-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-94-011-1781-410.1007/978-94-011-1781-4_25}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-011-1781-4}, author = {Schmitt, Michael}, editor = {Jolivet, P. H. and Cox, M. L. and Petitpierre, E.} } @inbook {50907, title = {Computational Analysis of Sound Scenes and Events}, booktitle = {Computational Analysis of Sound Scenes and Events}, year = {2018}, pages = {303 - 333}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, chapter = {11}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-319-63449-4}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-63450-010.1007/978-3-319-63450-0_11}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-63450-0}, author = {Stowell, Dan} } @inbook {50785, title = {Primate Habitat Acoustics}, volume = {63}, year = {2017}, pages = {79 - 107}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {

Natural habitats are not recording studios. Calls emitted in nature encounter an irregular assortment of hard surfaces that reflect and scatter the wave front, producing complicated patterns of constructive and destructive interference. The propagated wave front is subsequently disturbed by wind, thermal gradients, and atmospheric absorption. Collectively, these phenomena result in an unpredictable and untidy acoustic environment. Furthermore, thunder, rain, crashing waves, or the relentless chatter of biotic sources can result in high ambient-noise levels that may mask the signal, overwhelm the recipient, and obliterate significant nuances and embellishments. Thus, vocal communication is hampered by attenuation, reverberation, distortion, and acoustic disturbances. Accordingly, the twin components of vocal communication, sound production and acoustic perception, may have undergone persistent selection to counter the most prominent impediments to both hearing and being heard. Primates have radiated from rain forest to grassland and other habitats, and each habitat differs acoustically. Hence, there is reason to believe that the duration, amplitude, pitch, and composition of primate vocal repertoires, the timing of emissions, and the placement and orientation of vocalizers is not haphazard, but each has become tuned to the acoustic parameters of the natal habitat to heighten the clarity of vocal exchanges. This chapter begins with an overview of the acoustic properties of rain forest, riverine forest, and savanna habitats occupied by East African primates, which is followed by reviews of how primate calls become distorted when propagated in natural habitats and how distortion scores have been used to explore the acoustic adaptation hypothesis. Finally, significant opportunities for additional research are highlighted.

}, keywords = {acoustic adaptation hypothesis, ambient noise, amplitude fluctuation, animal vocalization, comparative bioacoustics, Distortion, excess attenuation, reverberation}, isbn = {978-3-319-59476-7}, issn = {0947-2657}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-59478-1}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-59478-1}, author = {Brown, Charles H. and Waser, Peter M.} } @inbook {47303, title = {Random noise and generic discrimination in Conocephalus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)}, booktitle = {Orthopteran Mating Systems: Sexual Competition in a Diverse Group of Insects}, year = {1983}, pages = {73-96}, chapter = {4}, url = {http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/Walker/buzz/s220lmf83.pdf}, author = {Darryl T. Gwynne and Glenn K. Morris} } @inbook {40322, title = {Communication and Reproductive Behaviour in North American Jerusalem Crickets (Stenopelmatus) (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae)}, booktitle = {The Biology of Wetas, King Crickets and their Allies}, year = {2001}, pages = {351-375}, publisher = {CABI}, organization = {CABI}, chapter = {19}, address = {Wallingford, United Kingdom}, issn = {0851994083}, author = {David B. Weissman} } @inbook {17259, title = {A report on the insect fauna of the Prince Regent River Reserve, North-west Kimberley, Western Australia}, booktitle = {Wildlife Reserach Bulletin (A Biological Survey of The Prince Regent River Reserve, North-west Kimberley, Western Australia)}, number = {3}, year = {1975}, author = {Winston J. Bailey and Kevin T. Richards} } @inbook {17256, title = {Factors in the reproductive isolation between Dociostaurus curvicercus, D. jagoi jagoi and D. genei littoralis}, booktitle = {Evolutionary Biology of Orthopteroid Insects}, year = {1987}, publisher = {Ellis Horwood}, organization = {Ellis Horwood}, chapter = {4}, address = {Chichester}, abstract = {

From a well-documented study of two sympatric sibling species of singing gomphocerine grasshoppers, Perdeck (1958) reached the surprisng conclusion that reproductive isolation between them resulted almost exclusively from differences in acustic behavior. In the present work, comparison of the sibling gomphocerine grasshoppers D. curvicercus, D. jagoi jagoi and D. genei littoralis revealed ecographical, temporal, ethological, structural and cytological differences which could account for failure of the species to interbreed.

}, author = {Blondheim, Syril A.} } @inbook {16836, title = {Australian King Crickets: Distribution, Habitats and Biology (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae)}, booktitle = {The Biology of Wetas, King Crickets and their Allies}, year = {2001}, pages = {79-94}, publisher = {CABI}, organization = {CABI}, chapter = {5}, address = {Wallingford, United Kingdom}, author = {Geoffrey B. Monteith and Laurence H. Field} } @inbook {16815, title = {Stridulatory Mechanisms and Associated Behaviour in New Zealand Wetas}, booktitle = {The Biology of Wetas, King Crickets and their Allies}, year = {2001}, pages = {271-295}, publisher = {CABI}, organization = {CABI}, chapter = {15}, address = {Wallingford, United Kingdom}, issn = {0851994083}, doi = {10.1079/9780851994086.0000}, author = {Laurence H. Field} } @inbook {15579, title = {The Cricket Auditory Pathway: Neural Processing of Acoustic Signals}, booktitle = {The Cricket as a Model Organism}, year = {2017}, pages = {155 - 167}, publisher = {Springer Japan}, organization = {Springer Japan}, address = {Tokyo}, isbn = {978-4-431-56476-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-4-431-56478-210.1007/978-4-431-56478-2_11}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-4-431-56478-2}, author = {Gerald S. Pollack and Hedwig, Berthold} } @inbook {15183, title = {Bioacoustics}, booktitle = {Saginae of Europe}, year = {2016}, pages = {77-100}, publisher = {Edition GEEM}, organization = {Edition GEEM}, address = {Cannes}, issn = {978-2-9537533-9-4}, author = {Klaus-Gerhard Heller} } @inbook {11812, title = {Stridulation in the Coleoptera {\textendash} An Overview}, booktitle = {Insect Sounds and Communication: Physiology, Behaviour, Ecology, and Evolution}, year = {2006}, pages = {397-403}, publisher = {CRC Press}, organization = {CRC Press}, chapter = {30}, issn = {9780849320606}, url = {http://download.naturkundemuseum-berlin.de/andreas.wessel/30_wessel.pdf}, author = {Andreas Wessel} }