01669nas a2200121 4500008004100000245017100041210006900212520113400281100002001415700002501435700003101460856005601491 2007 eng d00aA shift toward harmonics for high-frequency calling shown with phylogenetic study of frequency spectra in Eneopterinae crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Eneopteridae)0 ashift toward harmonics for highfrequency calling shown with phyl3 a

Dominant frequency is an important feature of cricket song, as it can be used for species recognition and mate choice. The dominant frequency usually ranges from 2 to 8 kHz and corresponds to the fundamental frequency of the song. In preliminary studies we documented high-frequency songs in the subfamily Eneopterinae. To analyse this phenom- enon further, we investigate the spectral properties of these cricket songs. Based on the analysis of the frequency spectra in reference to phylogeny, we show that a shift of dominant frequency from the fundamental toward the second or the third harmonic of the song occurred in the Lebinthini tribe. In this clade the upper harmonics (second or third) become the most powerful frequencies of the song. From an evolutionary point of view, we document a case of convergence toward high-frequency calling between species of Eneoptera Burmeister, 1838, which emit alternatively low and high fundamental frequencies, and the Lebinthini, which emit high frequencies using upper harmonics. Functional hypotheses are discussed to explain how these high frequencies could be produced.

1 aROBILLARD, TONY1 aGrandcolas, Philippe1 aDesutter-Grandcolas, Laure uhttp://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/Z07-10602624nas a2200181 4500008004100000245015900041210006900200520194700269100001902216700002002235700003102255700002002286700002502306700001702331700002002348700002102368856005302389 2016 eng d00aOld Lineage on an Old Island: Pixibinthus, a New Cricket Genus Endemic to New Caledonia Shed Light on Gryllid Diversification in a Hotspot of Biodiversity0 aOld Lineage on an Old Island Pixibinthus a New Cricket Genus End3 a

Few studies have focused on the early colonization of New Caledonia by insects, after the re-emergence of the main island, 37 Myr ago. Here we investigate the mode and tempo of evolution of a new endemic cricket genus, Pixibinthus, recently discovered in southern New Caledonia. First we formally describe this new monotypic genus found exclusively in the open shrubby vegetation on metalliferous soils, named ‘maquis minier’, unique to New Caledonia. We then reconstruct a dated molecular phylogeny based on five mitochondrial and four nuclear loci in order to establish relationships of Pixibinthus within Eneopterinae crickets. Pixibinthus is recovered as thesister clade of the endemic genus Agnotecous, mostly rainforest-dwellers. Dating results show that the island colonization by their common ancestor occurred around 34.7 Myr, shortly after New Caledonia re-emergence. Pixibinthus and Agnotecous are then one of the oldest insect lineages documented so far for New Caledonia. This discovery highlights for the first time two clear-cut ecological specializations between sister clades, as Agnotecous is mainly found in rainforests with 19 species, whereas Pixibinthus is found in open habitats with a single documented species. The preference of Pixibinthus for open habitats and of Agnotecous for forest habitats nicely fits an acoustic specialization, either explained by differences in body size or in acoustic properties of their respective habitats. We hypothesize that landscape dynamics, linked to major past climatic events and recent change in fire regimes are possible causes for both present-day low diversity and rarity in genus Pixibinthus. The unique evolutionary history of this old New Caledonian lineage stresses the importance to increase our knowledge on the faunal biodiversity of ‘maquis minier’, in order to better understand the origin and past dynamics of New Caledonian biota.

1 aAnso, Jérémy1 aBarrabé, Laure1 aDesutter-Grandcolas, Laure1 aJourdan, Hervé1 aGrandcolas, Philippe1 aDong, Jiajia1 aROBILLARD, TONY1 aFontaneto, Diego uhttps://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.015092001719nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245013500054210006900189260001600258300001400274490000700288520114900295100002001444700003101464856006601495 2006 eng d a1055790300aPhylogeny of the cricket subfamily Eneopterinae (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Eneopteridae) based on four molecular loci and morphology0 aPhylogeny of the cricket subfamily Eneopterinae Orthoptera Gryll cJan-09-2006 a643 - 6610 v403 a

The phylogenetic relationships of 39 species of Eneopterinae crickets are reconstructed using four molecular markers (16S rRNA, 12S rRNA, cytochrome b , 18S rRNA) and a large morphological data set. Phylogenetic analysis via direct optimisation of DNA sequence data using parsimony as optimality criterion is done for six combinations of weighting parameter sets in a sensitivity analysis . The results are discussed in a twofold purpose: W rst, in term of signi W cance of the molecular markers for phylogeny reconstruction in Ensifera, as our study represents the W rst molecular phylogeny performed for this insect suborder at this level of diversity; second, in term of corrobora- tion of a previous phylogeny of Eneopterinae, built on morphological data alone. The four molecular markers all convey phylogen etic signal, although variously distributed on the tree. The monophyly of the subfamily, that of three over W ve tribes, and of 10 over 13 genera, are recovered. Finally, previous hypotheses on the evolution of acoustic devices and signals in the Eneopterinae clade are brie X y tested, and supported, by our new data set.

1 aRobillard, Tony1 aDesutter-Grandcolas, Laure uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S105579030600130801171nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245012200055210006900177260001600246300001400262490000700276520059100283100003100874700002000905856008800925 2004 eng d a1399-560X00aA revision of Neotropical Eneopterinae crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Eneopteridae) with a phylogenetic discussion0 arevision of Neotropical Eneopterinae crickets Orthoptera Grylloi cJan-10-2004 a411 - 4350 v353 a

A revision of Eneopterinae crickets from the Neotropical region is achieved in a cladistic perspective using for the first time characters of male and female genitalia and male forewing venation. Each genus is redefined and its monophyly assessed with reference to all known Eneopterinae genera. 6 new species are described (Eneoptera gracilis, E. nigripedis, Ligypterus belmontensis, L. linharensis, L. pernambucensis and Ponca hebardi) and an identification key is proposed for both males and females. Phylogenetic relationships are discussed and distributions characterised.

1 aDesutter-Grandcolas, Laure1 aRobillard, Tony uhttp://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/187631204788912427