02219nas a2200301 4500008004100000245013500041210006900176260001600245300001000261490000600271520130300277653001301580653002001593653002501613653002601638653001201664653001001676653002001686653002201706653001801728653001201746100002701758700002901785700002801814700001901842700002001861856003601881 2018 eng d00aReproduction and metamorphosis in the Myristica Swamp tree frog, Mercurana myristicapalustris (Anura: Rhacophoridae)0 aReproduction and metamorphosis in the iMyristicai Swamp tree fro cJan-01-2018 ae59340 v63 a

The reproductive biology of the Myristica Swamp tree frog (Mercurana myristicapalus- tris), a monotypic rhacophorid frog endemic to the foothills of the Western Ghats mountains of India, has remained unknown since the description of the genus and species. We monitored individuals from parental generation amplexus to the comple- tion of offspring generation tadpole metamorphosis. Surprisingly, our observations revealed that this species exhibits many previously unknown characteristics, including the first ever record of the female, and a diverse call repertoire, consisting of five different call types (the functions of which remain incompletely known). We were also able to determine that reproductive activity peaked during the late pre-monsoon season, that males engaged in intraspecific aggressive encounters to occupy and to defend desirable territories, and that oviposition took place in terrestrial nests made by females. Embryonic development in the unattended nest was followed by tadpole development, which concluded within 40 days. The specific breeding mode employed by Mercurana, which restricts its range to the endangered Myristica swamp ecosystem, likely renders it susceptible to multiple threats, which should be considered jointly in future conservation planning.

10aAmphibia10aAnimal Behavior10aConservation biology10aDevelopmental Biology10aecology10aIndia10aMyristica swamp10aReproductive mode10aRhacophoridae10azoology1 aAbraham, Robin, Kurian1 aMathew, Jobin, Kuruvilla1 aRaju, David, Valiaparam1 aRao, Ramprasad1 aZachariah, Anil uhttps://peerj.com/articles/593402697nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245010900055210006900164260001600233520187100249653002502120653001602145653001902161653002002180653001502200653001302215100001902228700002802247700002202275700001602297700001702313700002002330700002602350856005502376 2018 eng d a0921-297300aSoundscapes reveal disturbance impacts: biophonic response to wildfire in the Sonoran Desert Sky Islands0 aSoundscapes reveal disturbance impacts biophonic response to wil cOct-07-20183 a

Context
While remote sensing imagery is effective for quantifying land cover changes across large areas, its utility for directly assessing the response of animals to disturbance is limited. Soundscapes approaches— the recording and analysis of sounds in a landscape— could address this shortcoming.

Objectives
In 2011, a massive wildfire named ‘‘the Horseshoe 2 Burn’’ occurred in the Chiricahua National Monument, Arizona, USA. We evaluated the impact of this wildfire on acoustic activity of animal communities.

Methods
In 2013, soundscape recordings were col- lected over 9 months in 12 burned and 12 non-burned sites in four ecological systems. The seasonal and diel biological acoustic activity were described using the ‘‘Bioacoustic Index’’, a detailed aural analysis of sound sources, and a new tool called ‘‘Sonic Time- lapse Builder’’ (STLB).


Results
Seasonal biophony phenology showed a diurnal peak in June and a nocturnal peak in October in all ecological systems. On June mornings, acoustic activity was lower at burned than at non-burned sites in three of four ecological systems, due to a decreased abundance of cicadas directly impacted by the death of trees. Aural analyses revealed that 55% of recordings from non-burned sites contained insect sounds com- pared to 18% from burned sites. On October nights, orthopteran activity was more prevalent at some burned sites, possibly due to post-fire emergence of herbaceous.

Conclusions
Soundscape approaches can help address long-term conservation issues involving the responses of animal communities to wildfire. Acoustic methods can serve as a valuable complement to remote sensing for disturbance-based landscape management.

10aConservation biology10adisturbance10aRemote sensing10aSonic timelapse10aSoundscape10aWildfire1 aGasc, Amandine1 aGottesman, Benjamin, L.1 aFrancomano, Dante1 aJung, Jinha1 aDurham, Mark1 aMateljak, Jason1 aPijanowski, Bryan, C. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10980-018-0675-302981nas a2200253 4500008004100000020001800041245009800059210006900157300000800226520217600234653001402410653001802424653003102442653001302473653002402486653002502510653002602535653003802561653001002599653001802609653001502627100001802642856006702660 2018 eng d a978035566050000aImpacts of Ambient Noise on Minke Whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) Habitat Use and Behavior0 aImpacts of Ambient Noise on Minke Whale Balaenoptera acutorostra a1713 a

This study examines the soundscape of minke whale habitat in the Scottish Inner Hebrides around the islands of Mull, Coll and Muck and near the Ardnamurchan Peninsula of the Scottish mainland. To compare the soundscape with minke whale presence and behavior, acoustic recordings were paired with behavior and respiration data. Acoustic recordings were taken using a Soundtrap 300, deployed from a whale watching vessel. Data was taken from June - September 2016. The soundscape was analyzed by comparing power spectral density averaged into octave bands (center frequencies from 16 Hz – 128 kHz). The soundscape of the region is ephemeral, with some locations having very different acoustic patterns depending on transient animal and human activity. Humans contribute to the soundscape through movement of small ships and dredging. Notable biological contributors to the soundscape include dolphins and snapping shrimp. Outside the island of Coll is quieter at mid-frequencies (2-8 kHz octave bands). Inside Coll is quieter at frequencies in the 16-128 kHz octave bands. Ardmore point, in the Sound of Mull, is louder for most frequencies. These differences create a potential way for animals to navigate or orient based on sound. Observed minke whale behaviors were categorized into behavior states to create a behavior budget. Minke whales in this area spend 56% of their daytime feeding, 7% traveling and 39% in other activities. The average inter-breath interval for minke whales in this study was 60.7s. Minke presence and behavior were compared with sound levels in 1/3rd octave bands using generalized linear models. Minke whale presence and behavior both correlate with changes in the Soundscape. Minke whales are less likely to be seen with higher levels of low (31 Hz) and high (25.4 kHz) frequency sound. Higher levels of sound at low (63 Hz) frequencies were associated with lower probability of minke whales feeding. Higher probability of minke whales feeding in higher levels of high (25.4 kHz) frequency sound may indicate that minke whales are optimizing that time which is spent in regions with higher levels of noise at these frequencies.

10aacoustics10aambient noise10aBalaenoptera acutorostrata10aBehavior10abiological sciences10aConservation biology10aEnvironmental science10aHealth and environmental sciences10aMinke10aPure sciences10aSoundscape1 aRoland, Adele uhttps://search.proquest.com/docview/2020840628?accountid=15181