01377nas a2200229 4500008004100000245006100041210005800102300001200160490000700172520076700179653001100946653001400957653001100971653001500982653002000997653002101017653001801038100002001056700002501076700002101101856002501122 2018 eng d00aGryllacrididae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) in southern Africa0 aGryllacrididae Orthoptera Ensifera in southern Africa a183-1860 v273 a

Although Gryllacrididae are a largely southern hemisphere insect family, they are relatively poorly represented in southern Africa, with three genera (Ametroides Karny, 1928, Glomeremus Karny, 1937, and Stictogryllacris Karny, 1937) and ten species and subspecies recorded from the region. All Ametroides and Glomeremus species are wingless while those of Stictogryllacris are long-winged. All species are arboreal and nocturnal, returning by day to characteristically silk-spun shelters between leaves. Here, we present a diagnosis, key to genera, and high-quality images to assist in identification of Gryllacrididae. By compiling all published information in one place, we hope to facilitate future researchers to investigate this poorly known group.

10aaptery10adiagnosis10agenera10amacroptery10asilk production10aStenopelmatoidea10ataxonomic key1 aScholtz, Clarke1 aBazelet, Corinna, S.1 ade Klerk, Hennie u10.3897/jor.27.2964502365nas a2200265 4500008004100000245016200041210006900203300001200272490000700284520147300291653001901764653001301783653001401796653002001810653003101830100001901861700003601880700003201916700001801948700003201966700002001998700001702018700002302035856004102058 2018 eng d00aEthology of the cricket Endecous (Endecous) chape Souza-Dias & de Mello, 2017 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) I: Agonistic and reproductive behavior0 aEthology of the cricket Endecous Endecous chape SouzaDias de Mel a193-2010 v273 a

The mating behaviors of crickets, especially those related to agonistic encounters and oviposition, are poorly known. For example, only 10 of the 1005 valid species of Phalangopsidae have been studied to some extent. Here, we describe the reproductive behavior of Endecous (Endecous) chape, characterizing the actions involved in agonistic encounters, mating behaviors (female attraction, pair-formation, courtship, mating, and post-copulatory behavior), and oviposition. We recorded and timed agonistic, mating, and oviposition behaviors in staged trials. The male-male interactions of E.chape ranged in aggressiveness from low intensity (only antennal interaction) to high intensity (reciprocal fights). In the mating behavior, males courted females through antennation of the females’ abdomen and cerci, followed by production of acoustic signals (with the exception of two males). Copulation occurred with females positioned above males (as is typical of Phalangopsidae), with an average elapsed time of 684.13 s, which is shorter than in other Phalangopsidae. We observed oviposition behavior only when three gravid females were placed together in an arena. Here, we contribute new knowledge of phalangopsid cricket behavior and provide useful information for understanding the evolution of reproductive behaviors. New characters described here can be used in phylogenetic analysis and for future studies about sexual selection and natural history.

10aaggressiveness10aethology10aLuzarinae10amating behavior10aParque Nacional do Iguaçu1 aFianco, Marcos1 ade Souza-Dias, Pedro, Guilherme1 ade Farias-Martins, Fernando1 aMagro, Suzana1 aPrasniewski, Victor, Mateus1 aRicci, Jéssica1 aZefa, Edison1 aSzinwelski, Neucir uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/uk/node/5843302639nas a2200121 4500008004100000245006900041210006800110300001100178490000700189520226300196100001702459856004102476 2018 eng d00aAcoustic profiling of Orthoptera: present state and future needs0 aAcoustic profiling of Orthoptera present state and future needs a203-250 v273 a

Bioacoustic monitoring and classification of animal communication signals has developed into a powerful tool for measuring and monitoring species diversity within complex communities and habitats. The high number of stridulating species among Orthoptera allows their detection and classification in a non-invasive and economic way, particularly in habitats where visual observations are difficult or even impossible, such as tropical rainforests. Major sound archives were queried for Orthoptera songs, with special emphasis on usability as reference training libraries for computer algorithms. Orthoptera songs are highly stereotyped, reliable taxonomic features. However, exploitation of songs for acoustic profiling is limited by the small number of reference recordings: existing song libraries represent only about 1000 species, mainly from Europe and North America, covering less than 10% of extant stridulating Orthoptera species. Available databases are fragmented and lack tools for song annotation and efficient feature-based searching. Results from recent bioacoustic surveys illustrate the potential of the method, but also the challenges and bottlenecks impeding further progress. A major problem is time-consuming data analysis of recordings. Computer-aided identification software exists for classification and identification of cricket and grasshopper songs, but these tools are still far from practical for field application.

A framework for acoustic profiling of Orthoptera should consist of the following components: (1) Protocols for standardized acoustic sampling, at species and community levels, using acoustic data loggers for autonomous long-term recordings; (2) Open access to and efficient management of song data and voucher specimens, involving the Orthoptera Species File (OSF) and Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF); (3) An infrastructure for automatized analysis and song classification; and (4) Complementation and improvement of Orthoptera sound libraries using OSF as the taxonomic backbone and repository for representative song recordings. Taxonomists should be encouraged, or even obliged, to deposit original recordings, particularly if they form part of species descriptions or revisions.

1 aRiede, Klaus uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/uk/node/5843201578nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245017400055210006900229260001600298300001400314490000700328520094700335100001901282700003301301700003201334856004201366 2019 eng d a1082-646700aOecanthus mhatreae sp. nov. (Gryllidae: Oecanthinae): A new species of tree cricket from Mexico, with an irregular song pattern and unique chirp-like trill configuration0 aOecanthus mhatreae sp nov Gryllidae Oecanthinae A new species of cApr-08-2021 a137 - 1430 v283 a

A new species of Oecanthus is described from Mexico. Oecanthus mhatreae sp. nov. occurs in central Mexico in the understory of tropical deciduous forest. Oecanthus mhatreae sp. nov. is currently known only from the Corregidora area of the Mexican state of Querétaro. The widened tegmina and chirp-like brief trills song are consistent with some members of the rileyi species group; however, this new species of tree cricket is different in several aspects. The chirp-like brief trills are generally irregularly spaced, it does not have the expected grouping of the chirp pulses, and the colors of buff, light olive green, or light brown are vastly different than the four known pale green species in the rileyi species group of the Western Hemisphere. Morphology, habitat, and song details of this new species, with the common name of Otomi tree cricket, are provided in this paper. Video can be viewed at www.oecanthinae.com.

1 aCollins, Nancy1 aGonzález, Isabel, Margarita1 aGovaerts, Bruno, Victor Alf uhttps://jor.pensoft.net/article/3378101580nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245014200055210006900197260001600266300001400282490000700296520095300303653001201256653001201268653001501280653001401295100002201309856005501331 2012 eng d a1082-646700aSynonymies of Wasp-Mimicking Species within the Katydid Genus Aganacris (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae)0 aSynonymies of WaspMimicking Species within the Katydid Genus iAg cJan-11-2012 a245 - 2500 v213 a

Five neotropical wasp-mimicking species of the genus Aganacris—two known only from females and three from males—are reviewed. Based on observation of interspecific interactions and morphological comparison, it is shown that sexual dimorphism occurs within species, and that female species are conspecific with sympatric male species. This is reinforced by field observations in northern Peru of a pairing between A. pseudosphex and A. nitida, wherein the male was in the process of secreting a spermatophore. Aganacris sphex and A. pseudosphex are morphologically nearly identical and probably represent variants of a single species. Since those species known from females only are both senior to sympatric male species, the number of species is reduced from five to two – A. nitida (A. pseudosphex and A. sphex designated herein as junior synonyms) and A. velutina (A. insectivora designated herein as a junior synonym).

10akatydid10amimicry10aPompilidae10aSphecidae1 aNickle, David, A. uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1665/034.021.020901435nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245012200055210007000177260001600247300001400263490000700277520085700284100001901141700002901160700002101189856005501210 2012 eng d a1082-646700aA Taxonomic Revision of the Neotropical Genus Aegimia Stål, 1874 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae)0 aTaxonomic Revision of the Neotropical Genus iAegimiai Stål 1874  cJan-05-2012 a109 - 1320 v213 a

Aegimia Stål, 1874, a Neotropical katydid genus of the Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), is revised based on the examination of 106 specimens from Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia and Brazil. The genus is recognized by a long sword-shaped fastigium, mid- and hindtibiae strongly flattened, and leaf-shaped tegmina. The following species are redescribed: A. catharinensis Piza, 1950, A. cultrifera Stål, 1874 and A. elongata Rehn, 1903. Two new species are described: Aegimia maculifolia sp. nov. (from Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia) and Aegimia venarecta sp. nov. (from Costa Rica). Geographic distribution of A. cultrifera is expanded to Costa Rica. The female of A. catharinensis remains unknown. A pictorial key to all species is presented and details of the male genitalic characters described and illustrated.

1 aDias, Priscila1 aRafael, José, Albertino1 aNaskrecki, Piotr uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1665/034.021.010801905nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245019100055210006900246260001600315300001400331490000700345520105300352653001901405653001701424653001601441653001301457653001201470100002601482700001801508700001701526700002201543700003601565856005001601 2018 eng d a1082-646700aParaplangia sinespeculo, a new genus and species of bush-cricket, with notes on its biology and a key to the genera of Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from Madagascar0 aiParaplangia sinespeculoi a new genus and species of bushcricket cNov-07-2019 a143 - 1530 v273 a

Madagascar is a well-known hotspot of biodiversity. However, many Orthoptera, and especially the Tettigonioidea, belong to little-studied groups. Here we describe a new genus and species of bush-cricket reared from field-collected eggs. Paraplangia sinespeculo gen. nov., sp. nov. belongs to Phaneropterinae and shares diagnostic characteristics with members of the tribe Amblycoryphini and its African subtribe Plangiina stat. nov. Paraplangia, which has a chromosome number of 31 X0, differs from other African members of the tribe and subtribe such as Eurycorypha and Plangia, which both have 29 X0. In addition to morphology, we describe the male calling song, female acoustic response, and mating behavior. As calling song, the male produces two series of short syllables. At the end of the second series the female responds with signals of similar duration and spectral composition as the male sounds (peak about 8-9 kHz). To make future identification easier, a key to all genera of Phaneropterinae found in Madagascar is presented.

10aAmblycoryphini10abioacoustics10achromosomes10aduetting10aOrophus1 aHeller, Klaus-Gerhard1 aHemp, Claudia1 aMassa, Bruno1 aKociński, Maciej1 aWarchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta uhttps://jor.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=2424301488nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001300041245010600054210006900160260001600229300000800245520098200253100002901235700002201264856005601286 1999 eng d a1082646700aSongs and Systematics of Some Tettigoniidae from Colombia and Ecuador I. Pseudophyllinae (Orthoptera)0 aSongs and Systematics of Some Tettigoniidae from Colombia and Ec cJan-11-1999 a1633 a

This paper provides taxonomic description for 16 species of pseudophylline katydid. Analysis of the calling songs is given for all but one. Among 14 genera Mystron and Stetharasa are new. Eleven new species are described from four Provinces in Ecuador: Morona Santiago, Pichincha, Los Rios and Napo, and two southern Departamentos of Colombia: Valle del Cauca and Risaralda. The diverse species-specific calling songs of Pseudophyllinae are comprised of either transient or sinusoidal pulses. The carrier frequency song spectrum occurs in conjunction with these two pulse types, as either a band (transient pulse, low Q) or a single dominant narrow-peak carrier (sinusoidal, high Q). And stridulatory file morphology differs accordingly. Principal carriers in the songs of the species described here range from the audio to the low ultrasonic (20-30 kHz); overall among pseudophylline species whose songs are known (n = 65), a majority (75%) incorporate high Q pulses.

1 aZ., Fernando, Montealegr1 aMorris, Glenn, K. uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/3503439?origin=crossref01122nas a2200109 4500008004100000245017200041210006900213300001400282520066200296100001300958856004100971 1996 eng d00aSong, sex and synonymy: the palaearctic genus Acrida Linnaeus (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Acridinae) and synonymy of the subfamily Truxalinae under the subfamily Acridinae0 aSong sex and synonymy the palaearctic genus Acrida Linnaeus Orth a125–1293 a

The subfamilies Truxalinae and Acridinae are discussed. Acrida maxima Karny 1907 restored to species status from synonymy under Acrida turrita (L. 1758). The subfamily Truxalinae cannot be sustained as a separate taxon and is synonymised under the subfamily Acridinae since on grounds of male epiphallic morphology, femoral stridulatory apparatus and wing venation there is no means of clearly differentiating it from the Acridinae. The decision is supported by examples of functional anatomy from Chromotruxalis Dirsh 1951, Acrida Linnaeus 1758, Truxalis Fabricius 1775, Truxaloides Dirsh 1951, Acridarachnea I.Bolivar 1908, and Chromacrida Dirsh.

1 aJago, ND uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/uk/node/5070900409nas a2200133 4500008004100000022001300041245005100054210004900105260001600154300000800170100001700178700002400195856005600219 1998 eng d a1082646700aA New Species of Damaracheta from South Africa0 aNew Species of Damaracheta from South Africa cJan-12-1998 a2411 aOtte, Daniel1 aHennig, R. Matthias uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/3503526?origin=crossref01751nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245005300055210005300108260001600161300001200177490000700189520122500196653001401421653001901435653001501454653001701469100002101486856005001507 2017 eng d a1082-646700aNew distribution records of Orthoptera of Greece0 aNew distribution records of Orthoptera of Greece cApr-06-2019 a53 - 610 v263 a

New distribution data on Orthoptera of Greece are presented. Acrometopa servillea (Brullé, 1832), Platycleis grisea (Fabricius, 1781) and Poecilimon propinquus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 are reported as new to Mt. Kitheron, the last one also as new to Nomos Biotias. Anterastes serbicus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 and Ephippiger ephippiger ephippiger (Fiebig, 1784) are reported as new to Mt. Vrondous. Platycleis escalerai escalerai Bolivar, 1899, Incertana incerta (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882), Eupholidoptera kykladica Heller, Willemse and Willemse, 2009 and Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis bordigalensis (Latreille, 1804) are new to Attiki. The last two are also new to Sterea Ellas. Platycleis affinis affinis Fieber, 1853, is new to Kiklades. Gryllus (Gryllus) campestris Linnaeus, 1758, Xya variegata (Latreille, 1809) and Xya pfaendleri Harz, 1970 are new records for Nomos Serron. Trigonidium (Trigonidium) cicindeloides Rambur, 1838 is reported as new to Macedonia. We confirm the presence of Mogoplistes brunneus Serville, 1838 at the Aegean Sea. Lastly, Paranocarodes chopardi Pechev, 1965 is reported as new to Macedonia and sound production in that species is discussed for the first time.

10aMacedonia10anew localities10aoccurrence10astridulation1 aAlexiou, Sotiris uhttps://jor.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1454102084nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245024600055210006900301260001600370300001200386490000700398520119100405653001701596653002201613653002101635653002201656653001101678100002601689700002201715700003601737700001901773856005001792 2017 eng d a1082-646700aThe genus Ectadia (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae: Phaneropterinae) in East Asia: description of a new species, comparison of its complex song and duetting behavior with that of E. fulva and notes on the biology of E. fulva0 agenus iEctadiai Orthoptera Phaneropteridae Phaneropterinae in Ea cApr-06-2019 a39 - 510 v263 a

The genus Ectadia is an East Asian genus of the tribe Elimaeini (Phaneropterinae) and is known for the complex stridulatory files of its members. The calling song was so far known from only one species, the relatively widespread Ectadia fulva. Here a new species from Yunnan, China, is described, which is morphologically similar to E. fulva except for the stridulatory file. In this character E. fulva deviates strongly from the new species and from all other Ectadia species by its high tooth number. The long lasting song (duration 30 to 60 seconds at 25°C) of the new species is very complex and differs widely from the much shorter song of E. fulva. Its spectral composition changes during stridulation. In the new species the females respond acoustically during gaps in the final part of the male song, whereas in E. fulva they answer typically after the male song. During mating Ectadia fulva males transfer small spermatophores without spermatophylax. All of its six nymphal stages are cryptically colored. In karyotype the new species being the first studied Ectadia species is similar to the related genera Elimaea and Ducetia (all 2n=29 chromosomes in the male).

10acalling song10acarrier frequency10amale-female duet10astridulatory file10aYunnan1 aHeller, Klaus-Gerhard1 aIngrisch, Sigfrid1 aWarchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta1 aLiu, Chunxiang uhttps://jor.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1454800973nas a2200121 4500008004100000245007100041210006300112300001000175490000600185520059800191100002100789856004100810 1997 eng d00aThe World's Most Unusual Gryllacridid (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae)0 aWorlds Most Unusual Gryllacridid Orthoptera Gryllacrididae a57-680 v63 a

Gryllacridid behavior and morphology is referred to an unusual Raspy Cricket from south-east Queensland is described in a new genus and species, Urogryllacris gwinganna gen. & sp. nov. The species is unique in the Gryllacrididae in having an extraordinarily developed male subgenital plate which terminates in an elongate whip-like structure. The new genus and species are described with emphasis given to the proventriculus, the male subgenital plate and the egg. A mating sequence is described with a discussion concerning the possible function of the peculiar subgenital plate.

1 aRentz, D., C. F. u http://www.jstor.org/stable/350353601595nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245010900055210006900164260001600233300001200249490000700261520110300268100002301371856005501394 2014 eng d a1082-646700aA New North American Species of Bucrates (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae: Copiphorini)0 aNew North American Species of iBucratesi Orthoptera Tettigoniida cJan-07-2014 a69 - 730 v233 a

Bucrates weissmani n.sp. is known from four localities in southern Arizona. It is smaller and more slender than the other four species of Bucrates, making it superficially similar to the Central American copiphorine Caulopsis cuspidata, but more fundamental features refute the notion that it belongs in Caulopsis rather than Bucrates. Four other species of Bucrates are known. Two of these, capitatus (De Geer) and clausus (Scudder), occur in sympatry in Central America and tropical South America; lanista Rehn is known only from southern Brazil; and malivolans (Scudder) is restricted to the southeastern United States. All are easily distinguished morphologically and, for the three for which the songs are known, by their songs. Unlike the two other species of Bucrates for which the habitat is known, B. weissmani occurs on altitudinal islands at the edge of a desert. The calling song of B. weissmani resembles that of numerous species of Neoconocephalus, whereas the songs of B. malivolans and B. capitatus, resemble each other more than either song resembles that of B. weissmani.

1 aWalker, Thomas, J. uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1665/034.023.010103485nas a2200133 4500008004100000022001300041245011700054210006900171260001600240300000700256520300800263100002403271856005603295 1995 eng d a1082646700aCosts of Calling in Tettigoniid Orthoptera: A Case Study of Requena verticalis (Tettigoniidae: Listroscelidinae)0 aCosts of Calling in Tettigoniid Orthoptera A Case Study of Reque cJan-08-1995 a653 a

The tettigoniid Requena verticalis Walker controls the apportioning of energy between calling and spermatophylax
production during courtship and copulation. Males delay the onset of calling following mating and during this period nutrients are
mobilized to the production of a large nutrient-rich spermatophylax as well as to the production of sound. Experiments, using males
reared on high and low quality diets (Simmons et al. 1993) examined the distribution of metabolic resources during this post-copula
refractory period. An experimental set of males was allowed to call in a period immediately following copulation, while a control group
of animals was prevented from calling by waxing the wings together. Males maintain spermatophylax size, regardless of the quality
of the diet, but delayed the onset of calling; those on a high quality diet were able to invest energy into further reproduction. Contrary
to prediction, males prevented from calling did not produce a larger spermatophylax, which suggests that males control the
apportioning of energy reserves during this critical period. It is argued that where energy reserves are required for the production of
a spermatophylax, less energy may be available for calling and so calling strategies should evolve that allow for the more efficient use
of metabolic energy for sound production.


Calling efficiency is a measure of how males convert metabolic energy to sound power. Efficiency was estimated by measuring the
metabolic costs of calling and the power of sound radiation from the calling insect. Metabolic costs of calling in R. verticalis are compared
with those of conehead tettigoniids such as Neoconocephalus robustus where calling appears to require more energy per unit of sound.
The efficiency of conversion of metabolic energy to sound in R. verticalis is 6.4% while that for N. robustus is 2% (Bailey et al. 1993).
Another cost of calling is exposure by the male to acoustically orienting predators. Such predators may include tachinid flies,
insectivorous bats and predaceous females. I discuss experiments where a species of vespertilionid bat is shown to orient to the call of
R. verticalis (Hosken et al. in press). Males may also be subject to cannibalism by orienting females. I describe experiments where females
are released within 2m of calling males and where males show a high degree of female rejection. In the confines of a small container,
where each sex cannot retreat from the other, a male smaller than the female is far more likely to be eaten by the female than males paired
with females of comparable size. In this context, I discuss how male coyness (a reluctance to mate) may be due, in part, to sexual role
reversal and thereby under sexual selection, or due to female cannibalism, and thus selected through survival.

1 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/3503460?origin=crossref00519nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245011500055210006900170260001600239300001400255490000700269100002300276700001900299856005500318 2010 eng d a1082-646700aNew World Thermometer Crickets: The Oecanthus rileyi Species Group and a New Species from North America0 aNew World Thermometer Crickets The iOecanthus rileyii Species Gr cJan-12-2010 a371 - 3760 v191 aWalker, Thomas, J.1 aCollins, Nancy uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1665/034.019.022700493nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245009100055210006900146260001600215300001100231490000700242100002300249700002000272856005500292 2014 eng d a1082-646700aSystematics and Acoustics of North American Anaxipha (Gryllidae: Trigonidiinae)0 aSystematics and Acoustics of North American iAnaxiphai Gryllidae cJan-07-2014 a1 - 380 v231 aWalker, Thomas, J.1 aFunk, David, H. uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1665/034.023.010200557nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245012800055210006900183260001600252300001200268490000700280100002200287700001700309700002200326856005100348 2016 eng d a1082-646700aThe Pink Katydids of Sabah (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae: Eulophophyllum) with Description of Two New Species0 aPink Katydids of Sabah Orthoptera Tettigoniidae Phaneropterinae  cJan-12-2016 a67 - 740 v251 aIngrisch, Sigfrid1 aRiede, Klaus1 aBeccaloni, George uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1665/034.025.020502436nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245010700055210006900162260001600231300001200247490000700259520175500266653001402021653001202035653001202047653001602059653001102075653001702086100002402103856009102127 2007 eng d a1082-646700aSound generation in Mantis religiosa (Mantodea: Mantidae): stridulatory structures and acoustic signal0 aSound generation in Mantis religiosa Mantodea Mantidae stridulat cJan-06-2007 a35 - 490 v163 a

Several species of mantids perform defensive displays during close-range encounters with predators. In adult Mantis religiosa, this display entails both visual and acoustic components, the latter being abdominoalary stridulation. Stridulatory modifications of the abdomen and hindwings and acoustic properties of the defensive sounds of M. religiosa are characterized here for the first time. Defensive sounds are generated via an abdominoalary mechanism involving contact between teeth found on the longitudinal veins of the metathoracic wings and pegs located on the abdominal pleura. Defensive stridulation in M. religiosa is highly variable in both spectral and time domains. Inter-individual variability may be stochastically greater than intra-individual variability for at least one acoustic parameter (peak frequency). The loudest portion of a sound emission (syllable), or down-pulse, has an average duration of 195 ms and features an abrupt rise to maximum amplitude. Inter-syllabic intervals are irregular and rate of syllable production depends on a mantid's sex. The acoustic output of M. religiosa is nonresonant, broadband, and of relatively low intensity. A minor ultrasonic component may be present in the spectra of these mantids (particularly in males). The modal peak frequency range (4 kHz interval) is 8-12 kHz (mean range ∼7.4-9.4 kHz). Acoustic parameters which appear to vary between the sexes and/or among females at different reproductive stages, may be related to the sexual size dimorphism of this species and morphological constraints associated with egg-bearing. The acoustic output of M. religiosa is considered with reference to its intended receivers and plausible mechanisms of predator deterrence.

10aacoustics10adefense10adisplay10adisturbance10amantid10astridulation1 aHill, Stephanie, A. uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1665/1082-6467%282007%2916%5B35%3ASGIMRM%5D2.0.CO%3B201211nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245016400055210006900219260001600288300001400304490000700318520039100325653001400716653001300730653001200743653001200755653001200767653001700779100003300796700002400829700002200853856009400875 2003 eng d a1082-646700aPanoploscelis specularis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae): extraordinary female sound generator, male description, male protest and calling signals0 aPanoploscelis specularis Orthoptera Tettigoniidae Pseudophyllina cJan-12-2003 a173 - 1810 v123 a

Females of Panoploscelis specularis present a dramatic modification of their forewings for stridulation. The female generator is illustrated and its distinct form contrasted with that of males. The physical form of the signals that females might produce is inferred; male calling and protest signals are characterized. The male of P. specularis is described for the first time.

10aacoustics10aColombia10adefense10aEcuador10akatydid10astridulation1 aMontealegre-Zapata, Fernando1 aGuerra, Patrick, A.1 aMorris, Glenn, K. uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1665/1082-6467%282003%29012%5B0173%3APSOTPE%5D2.0.CO%3B2