01502nas a2200157 4500008004100000245004700041210004700088520103400135653002201169653001801191653001401209653001501223653002101238100001801259856006701277 1999 eng d00aMATE CHOICE IN TREE CRICKETS AND THEIR KIN0 aMATE CHOICE IN TREE CRICKETS AND THEIR KIN3 a

Mate choice theory has become a major field of research in behavioral ecology. Tree crickets provide excellent opportunities for studying the diversity and variability of mate choice. The evidence for female mate choice in tree crickets is reviewed, and broad comparisons with other orthopteran groups are made. The evidence shows that female choice may occur during several different stages of mating and may target several different criteria. Song preferences are perhaps dominated by stabilizing preferences for the cues of species recognition, but there is a growing body of evidence for directional preferences based on sensory biases or mate quality. Mate rejection during courtship and forms of postcopulatory choice may favor males, based both on phenotypic quality and on the amount of nutritious courtship gifts they provide, and may differ with the value of mating incentives. Understanding the balance and trade-offs between different forms of mate choice may help in understanding their evolutionary causes.

10acourtship feeding10aFemale choice10aGryllidae10aOrthoptera10asexual selection1 aBrown, W., D. uhttp://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.ento.44.1.37103010nas a2200181 4500008004100000245009100041210006900132520234200201653002902543653001202572653002402584653004202608653003302650653002302683100002202706700001902728856008102747 2013 eng d00aDiversity of acoustic tracheal system and its role for directional hearing in crickets0 aDiversity of acoustic tracheal system and its role for direction3 a

Background: Sound localization in small insects can be a challenging task due to physical constraints in deriving sufficiently large interaural intensity differences (IIDs) between both ears. In crickets, sound source localization is achieved by a complex type of pressure difference receiver consisting of four potential sound inputs. Sound acts on the external side of two tympana but additionally reaches the internal tympanal surface via two external sound entrances. Conduction of internal sound is realized by the anatomical arrangement of connecting trachea. A key structure is a trachea coupling both ears which is characterized by an enlarged part in its midline (i.e., the acoustic vesicle) accompanied with a thin membrane (septum). This facilitates directional sensitivity despite an unfavorable relationship between wavelength of sound and body size. Here we studied the morphological differences of the acoustic tracheal system in 40 cricket species (Gryllidae, Mogoplistidae) and species of outgroup taxa (Gryllotalpidae, Rhaphidophoridae, Gryllacrididae) of the suborder Ensifera comprising hearing and non hearing species.

Results: We found a surprisingly high variation of acoustic tracheal systems and almost all investigated species using intraspecific acoustic communication were characterized by an acoustic vesicle associated with a medial septum. The relative size of the acoustic vesicle - a structure most crucial for deriving high IIDs - implies an important role for sound localization. Most remarkable in this respect was the size difference of the acoustic vesicle between species; those with a more unfavorable ratio of body size to sound wavelength tend to exhibit a larger acoustic vesicle. On the other hand, secondary loss of acoustic signaling was nearly exclusively associated with the absence of both acoustic vesicle and septum.

Conclusion: The high diversity of acoustic tracheal morphology observed between species might reflect different steps in the evolution of the pressure difference receiver; with a precursor structure already present in ancestral non-hearing species. In addition, morphological transitions of the acoustic vesicle suggest a possible adaptive role for the generation of binaural directional cues.

10aAcoustic tracheal system10acricket10adirectional hearing10aInteraural intensity difference (IID)10aPressure difference receiver10aSound localization1 aSchmidt, Arne, KD1 aRömer, Heiner uhttp://frontiersinzoology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1742-9994-10-6102141nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245009300054210006900147260001600216300001600232490000700248520145600255100002001711700001901731856023301750 2013 eng d a0960982200aA Tympanal Insect Ear Exploits a Critical Oscillator for Active Amplification and Tuning0 aTympanal Insect Ear Exploits a Critical Oscillator for Active Am cJan-10-2013 a1952 - 19570 v233 a

A dominant theme of acoustic communication is the partitioning of acoustic space into exclusive, species-specific niches to enable efficient information transfer. In insects, acoustic niche partitioning is achieved through auditory frequency filtering, brought about by the mechanical properties of their ears [1]. The tuning of the antennal ears of mosquitoes [2] and flies [3], however, arises from active amplification, a process similar to that at work in the mammalian cochlea [4]. Yet, the presence of active amplification in the other type of insect ears—tympanal ears—has remained uncertain [5]. Here we demonstrate the presence of active amplification and adaptive tuning in the tympanal ear of a phylogenetically basal insect, a tree cricket. We also show that the tree cricket exploits critical oscillator-like mechanics, enabling high auditory sensitivity and tuning to conspecific songs. These findings imply that sophisticated auditory mechanisms may have appeared even earlier in the evolution of hearing and acoustic communication than currently appreciated. Our findings also raise the possibility that frequency discrimination and directional hearing in tympanal systems may rely on physiological nonlinearities, in addition to mechanical properties, effectively lifting some of the physical constraints placed on insects by their small size [6] and prompting an extensive reexamination of invertebrate audition.

1 aMhatre, Natasha1 aRobert, Daniel uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960982213010348https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0960982213010348?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0960982213010348?httpAccept=text/plain01620nas a2200145 4500008004100000245005200041210005200093260001900145520117200164100002001336700002801356700002501384700001901409856004601428 2012 eng d00aSound reception and radiation in a small insect0 aSound reception and radiation in a small insect aNantes, France3 a

Insects are small; this is a fact of their life. In some contexts this is an advantage, such as insects do not injure themselves through the effects of gravity. In other contexts this is a disadvantage, especially in the context of sound production and reception. The wavelengths of sound that insects such as crickets produce and receive are several times larger than their body size. For sound production, this is particularly challenging and inefficient, as sub-wavelength radiation (size to lambda ratio > 1:100) requires great energy expenditure to produce sufficient sound pressure. In receiving sound, they face the reciprocal problem and are inefficient receivers. In addition,  because of their size they cannot rely on cues other animals use to detect the direction of sound. Nonetheless, sound is extremely important to these insects as they use it for mate attraction and to evade predators. We investigate this problem by combining the technique of microscanning laser Doppler vibrometry with finite element modelling; and explain some of the biomechanical tricks a tiny tree cricket uses to overcome the disadvantages of size.

1 aMhatre, Natasha1 aMontealegre-Z, Fernando1 aBalakrishnan, Rohini1 aRobert, Daniel uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hant/node/5799102319nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128520167300197653002101870653001201891653001601903653001801919100001501937700002101952700001901973700002501992856012002017 2011 eng d00aMatching sender and receiver: poikilothermy and frequency tuning in a tree cricket0 aMatching sender and receiver poikilothermy and frequency tuning 3 a

Animals communicate in non-ideal and noisy conditions. The primary method they use to improve communication efficiency is sender-receiver matching: the receiver's sensory mechanism filters the impinging signal based on the expected signal. In the context of acoustic communication in crickets, such a match is made in the frequency domain. The males broadcast a mate attraction signal, the calling song, in a narrow frequency band centred on the carrier frequency (CF), and the females are most sensitive to sound close to this frequency. In tree crickets, however, the CF changes with temperature. The mechanisms used by female tree crickets to accommodate this change in CF were investigated at the behavioural and biomechanical level. At the behavioural level, female tree crickets were broadly tuned and responded equally to CFs produced within the naturally occurring range of temperatures (18 to 27°C). To allow such a broad response, however, the transduction mechanisms that convert sound into mechanical and then neural signals must also have a broad response. The tympana of the female tree crickets exhibited a frequency response that was even broader than suggested by the behaviour. Their tympana vibrate with equal amplitude to frequencies spanning nearly an order of magnitude. Such a flat frequency response is unusual in biological systems and cannot be modelled as a simple mechanical system. This feature of the tree cricket auditory system not only has interesting implications for mate choice and species isolation but may also prove exciting for bio-mimetic applications such as the design of miniature low frequency microphones.

10afrequency tuning10ahearing10aOecanthinae10atree crickets1 aMhatre, N.1 aBhattacharya, M.1 aRobert, Daniel1 aBalakrishnan, Rohini uhttp://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/doi/10.1242/jeb.057612https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1242/jeb.05761201578nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245017400055210006900229260001600298300001400314490000700328520094700335100001901282700003301301700003201334856004201366 2019 eng d a1082-646700aOecanthus mhatreae sp. nov. (Gryllidae: Oecanthinae): A new species of tree cricket from Mexico, with an irregular song pattern and unique chirp-like trill configuration0 aOecanthus mhatreae sp nov Gryllidae Oecanthinae A new species of cApr-08-2021 a137 - 1430 v283 a

A new species of Oecanthus is described from Mexico. Oecanthus mhatreae sp. nov. occurs in central Mexico in the understory of tropical deciduous forest. Oecanthus mhatreae sp. nov. is currently known only from the Corregidora area of the Mexican state of Querétaro. The widened tegmina and chirp-like brief trills song are consistent with some members of the rileyi species group; however, this new species of tree cricket is different in several aspects. The chirp-like brief trills are generally irregularly spaced, it does not have the expected grouping of the chirp pulses, and the colors of buff, light olive green, or light brown are vastly different than the four known pale green species in the rileyi species group of the Western Hemisphere. Morphology, habitat, and song details of this new species, with the common name of Otomi tree cricket, are provided in this paper. Video can be viewed at www.oecanthinae.com.

1 aCollins, Nancy1 aGonzález, Isabel, Margarita1 aGovaerts, Bruno, Victor Alf uhttps://jor.pensoft.net/article/3378101255nas a2200145 4500008004100000245004800041210004800089260001600137300001400153490000800167520084400175100002001019700001601039856005401055 2018 eng d00aTree cricket baffles are manufactured tools0 aTree cricket baffles are manufactured tools cJan-09-2018 a691 - 6930 v1243 a

Tree crickets use sound to attract mates and make acoustic baffles to increase their sound production efficiency. It has been recently discovered that these insects use a flexible yet inherited behavioural programme to make acoustically optimal baffles. Whether these baffles qualify as tools, however, remains controversial. Here, baffle‐using and baffle‐making behaviours are analysed using the most current and authoritative definition of tool use. The current definition of tool use does not require the tool to be detached from the substrate and includes attached but manipulable external objects. Given this schema, tree cricket baffles, which are attached but manipulated prior to use, must be considered tools. The mode of manufacture for a baffle is “Subtract,” and the mode of use is “Drape”.

1 aMhatre, Natasha1 aBertram, S. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/eth.2018.124.issue-900356nas a2200109 4500008004100000245006200041210006200103300001200165490000700177100001600184856004600200 1982 eng d00aAcoustic communication and baffling behaviors of crickets0 aAcoustic communication and baffling behaviors of crickets a33–440 v651 aForrest, TG uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hant/node/5314201004nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126300001000195490000700205520060300212100002100815856004600836 1992 eng d00aEffects of temperature on chirp rates of tree crickets (Orthoptera: Oecanthidae)0 aEffects of temperature on chirp rates of tree crickets Orthopter a70-730 v273 a

The relationship between temperature and chirp rate is described for three African tree crickets, Oecanthus capensis, O. karschi and O. sycomorus. Knowledge of the variation in chirp rates of O. karschi and O. capensis makes it possible to discriminate between the songs of these species with a stopwatch. Their songs can also be used to estimate air temperature. When signals like cricket songs change with temperature, the response may also be affected. Some problems associated with temperature dependant communication systems are discussed.

1 aToms, Robert, B. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hant/node/4788101626nas a2200181 4500008004100000245009300041210006900134300001000203490000800213520106600221653001701287653001301304653001601317653001601333100002701349700002201376856004601398 2008 eng d00aBioacoustic studies on some cricket species (Insecta:Orthoptera: Gryllidae) from Romania0 aBioacoustic studies on some cricket species InsectaOrthoptera Gr a57-640 vLIV3 a

There are 9 cricket species known from Romania belonging to the family Gryllidae. The ordinary stridulation of 7 species of those has been analyzed in this paper. The species belonging to the subfamily Gryllinae: Gryllus campestris, Acheta domestica, Melanogryllus desertus, Modicogryllus frontalis and Modicogryllus truncatus stridulate especially in the afternoon and in the evening, rarely during daytime, meanwhile the species Pteronemobius heydenii from the subfamily Nemobiinae stridulate only during daytime and especially by sunny weather, while the only species belonging to the subfamily Oecanthinae from our country fauna, Oecanthus pellucens, stridulate at night, very rarely during daytime (mostly in autumn). Details of the stridulatory vein and identification criteria for the studied cricket species are presented in this paper; also we have annalysed the spectrograms and the oscillograms for the ordinary stridulation of the 7 species. The species Modicogryllus truncatus, collected at Mărăşeşti, is a new report for Moldavia.

10abioacoustics10acrickets10aoscillogram10aspectrogram1 aIorgu, Ionuț, Ștefan1 aMustata, Gheorghe uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hant/node/4779202252nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001300041245012600054210006900180260001600249300001400265490000700279520141600286653001901702653002201721653001701743653002401760653002301784653002501807653002601832653002301858653003101881100002101912856006501933 1993 eng d a0020732200aUltrasubharmonic resonance and nonlinear dynamics in the song of Oecanthus nigricornis F. Walker (Orthoptera : Gryllidae)0 aUltrasubharmonic resonance and nonlinear dynamics in the song of cJan-04-1993 a217 - 2310 v223 a

In the few cricket species that have been studied, there is a 1 : 1 relationship between carrier frequency and tooth-strike rate in normal song. However, for the vast majority of cricket species that relationship remains unknown. In the tree cricket, Oecanthus nigricornis F. Walker (Orthoptera : Gryllidae : Oecanthinae), the carrier frequency of the song normally equals the tooth-strike rate; rarely, the two are different and phase-locked in ultrasubharmonic ratios, such as 4 : 3 or 5 : 4. Sometimes, both frequencies are simultaneously present, giving rise to acoustic beats with 2 sharp frequency peaks related by similar ratios. The above phenomena were artificially induced in normal live singing crickets by experimental modification of one or both tegmina: beats arise when one of the tegmina vibrates at the tooth-strike frequency, while the other vibrates at the ultrasubharmonic frequency. A mathematical model is presented of the Oecanthus tegminal resonator, consisting of 2 simple coupled differential equations, one of them with a nonlinear restoring term. Integration of the model at various values of tooth-strike rate and exciting force, yields all of the observed phenomena, including normal and ultrasubharmonic output frequencies as well as beats between them. The resulting waveforms and acoustic spectra accurately reproduce those found in natural and experimental recordings.

10aacoustic beats10acarrier frequency10acricket song10ae tooth-strike rate10anonlinear dynamics10anonlinear oscillator10aOecanthus nigricornis10ategminal resonance10aultrasubharmonic resonance1 aSismondo, Enrico uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/002073229390011O01209nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001300041245010700054210006900161260001600230300001400246490000700260520071000267100002100977856006500998 1993 eng d a0020732200aIncidental effects and evolution of sound-producing organs in tree crickets (Orthoptera : Oecanthidae)0 aIncidental effects and evolution of soundproducing organs in tre cJan-04-1993 a207 - 2160 v223 a

Male tree cricket (Orthoptera : Oecanthidae) calling songs are used by females to locate conspecific mates. Changes in these songs are crucial to speciation. Since certain features of cricket sounds are correlated with the structures of the stridulatory organs, changes in stridulatory organs must be correlated with changes in songs. Surprisingly, there is no established hypothesis to explain the mechanism of morphological change associated with changes in songs. Some alternative possibilities are explored, with reference to incidental effects. Available evidence suggests that stridulatory organs are genetically stable and that changes in these organs occur in steps rather than gradually.

1 aToms, Robert, B. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/002073229390010X00413nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126260001400195300001000209490000700219100001900226856004600245 1951 eng d00aThe Seasonal Succession of Orthopteran Stridulation near Raleigh, North Carolina0 aSeasonal Succession of Orthopteran Stridulation near Raleigh Nor cJune 1951 a87-950 v671 aFulton, B., B. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hant/node/4323201112nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245012500055210006900180260001600249300001600265490000700281520059900288100001900887856006000906 1980 eng d a0008-430100aMultimodal communication by the black-horned tree cricket, Oecanthus nigricornis (Walker) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)0 aMultimodal communication by the blackhorned tree cricket iOecant cJan-10-1980 a1861 - 18680 v583 a

Adult male tree crickets, Oecanthus nigricornis (Walker), employ acoustic, olfactory, and vibratory signals during mating. Females were attracted significantly (p < 0.001) to the conspecific courtship song and to conspecific male scent. Males had 63, 39, and 0% copulation success in normal, waxed-over metanotal gland, and nonsinger groups respectively. Males provide the females with metanotal glandular products and a subsequently ingested spermatophore. Females appear to select mates on the males' ability to communicate these nutritional investment capabilities.

1 aBell, Paul, D. uhttp://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z80-25400357nas a2200121 4500008004100000245004300041210004200084300001200126490000700138100002100145700002300166856004600189 1898 eng d00a Further Notes on Thermometer Crickets0 aFurther Notes on Thermometer Crickets a263-2640 v321 aBessey, Carl, A.1 aBessey, Edward, A. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hant/node/1721800541nas a2200133 4500008004100000022001400041245008900055210006900144260001600213300001400229490000700243100001900250856013800269 1930 eng d a0036-807500aCHANGING THE CHIRP-RATE OF THE SNOWY TREE CRICKET OECANTHUS NIVEUS WITH AIR CURRENTS0 aCHANGING THE CHIRPRATE OF THE SNOWY TREE CRICKET OECANTHUS NIVEU cMar-10-1930 a347 - 3490 v721 aAllard, H., A. uhttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.72.1866.347https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1126/science.72.1866.34700355nas a2200109 4500008004100000245006500041210006100106300001200167490000700179100001900186856004000205 1957 eng d00aThe stridulations of some crickets in the Dominican Republic0 astridulations of some crickets in the Dominican Republic a150-1520 v471 aAllard, H., A. uhttp://biostor.org/reference/13428200482nas a2200133 4500008004100000022001400041245010300055210006900158260001600227300001400243490000700257100001900264856006500283 1930 eng d a0008-347X00aTHE CHIRPING RATES OF THE SNOWY TREE CRICKET (OECANTHUS NIVEUS) AS AFFECTED BY EXTERNAL CONDITIONS0 aCHIRPING RATES OF THE SNOWY TREE CRICKET OECANTHUS NIVEUS AS AFF cJan-06-1930 a131 - 1420 v621 aAllard, H., A. uhttp://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X0006056900571nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245011700054210006900171260001600240300001400256490000800270100002400278700002600302700001900328856006600347 2016 eng d a0003347200aInstantaneous song modification in response to fluctuating traffic noise in the tree cricket Oecanthus pellucens0 aInstantaneous song modification in response to fluctuating traff cJan-02-2016 a187 - 1940 v1121 aOrci, Kirill, Márk1 aPetróczki, Krisztina1 aBarta, Zoltán uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721500449200519nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245011500055210006900170260001600239300001400255490000700269100002300276700001900299856005500318 2010 eng d a1082-646700aNew World Thermometer Crickets: The Oecanthus rileyi Species Group and a New Species from North America0 aNew World Thermometer Crickets The iOecanthus rileyii Species Gr cJan-12-2010 a371 - 3760 v191 aWalker, Thomas, J.1 aCollins, Nancy uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1665/034.019.022700646nas a2200133 4500008004100000022001400041245015300055210006900208260001600277300001400293490000700307100002300314856017500337 1963 eng d a0013-874600aThe Taxonomy and Calling Songs of United States Tree Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae). II. The nigricornis Group of the Genus Oecanthus0 aTaxonomy and Calling Songs of United States Tree Crickets Orthop cJan-11-1963 a772 - 7890 v561 aWalker, Thomas, J. uhttps://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/aesa/56.6.772https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article/56/6/772/58845/The-Taxonomy-and-Calling-Songs-of-United-States00680nas a2200133 4500008004100000022001400041245018600055210006900241260001600310300001400326490000700340100002300347856017600370 1962 eng d a0013-874600aThe Taxonomy and Calling Songs of United States Tree Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae). I. The Genus Neoxabea and the niveus and varicornis Groups of the Genus Oecanthus0 aTaxonomy and Calling Songs of United States Tree Crickets Orthop cJan-05-1962 a303 - 3220 v551 aWalker, Thomas, J. uhttps://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/aesa/55.3.303https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article/55/3/303/138073/The-Taxonomy-and-Calling-Songs-of-United-States