@article {57906,
	title = {Keeping up with Bats: Dynamic Auditory Tuning in a Moth},
	year = {2006},
	abstract = {<p>Many night-flying insects evolved ultrasound sensi- tive ears in response to acoustic predation by echolo- cating bats [1\&ndash;10]. Noctuid moths are most sensitive to frequencies at 20\&ndash;40 kHz [6], the lower range of bat ultrasound [5, 11\&ndash;13]. This may disadvantage the moth because noctuid-hunting bats in particular echo- locate at higher frequencies shortly before prey cap- ture [7, 11\&ndash;13] and thus improve their echolocation and reduce their acoustic conspicuousness [6\&ndash;10, 12\&ndash;16]. Yet, moth hearing is not simple; the ear\&rsquo;s non- linear dynamic response shifts its mechanical sensi- tivity up to high frequencies. Dependent on incident sound intensity, the moth\&rsquo;s ear mechanically tunes up and anticipates the high frequencies used by hunt- ing bats. Surprisingly, this tuning is hysteretic, keep- ing the ear tuned up for the bat\&rsquo;s possible return. A mathematical model is constructed for predicting a lin- ear relationship between the ear\&rsquo;s mechanical stiff- ness and sound intensity. This nonlinear mechanical response is a parametric amplitude dependence [17, 18] that may constitute a feature common to other sen- sory systems. Adding another twist to the coevolu- tionary arms race between moths and bats, these re- sults reveal unexpected sophistication in one of the simplest ears known and a novel perspective for inter- preting bat echolocation calls.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2006.09.066},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960982206023219},
	author = {Windmill, James Frederick Charles and Jackson, Joseph Curt and Tuck, Elizabeth Jane and Robert, Daniel}
}
