@article {58012, title = {Revision of the cricket genus Cardiodactylus (Orthoptera, Eneopterinae, Lebinthini): the species from both sides of the Wallace line, with description of 25 new species}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3854}, year = {2014}, month = {Aug-08-2015}, pages = {1}, abstract = {

The genus Cardiodactylus is the most speciose and widely distributed genus of the cricket subfamily Eneopterinae and of the Lebinthini tribe. Along with diverse acoustic features, this genus is also characterized by a wide distribution area running from Japan to Southeast Asia, Northern Australia and in many archipelagos in the Western Pacific, with a high contrast in species distributions. In this paper we start revising Cardiodactylus by focusing on the western region of its wide distribution and the Novaeguineae species group. We describe 25 new species of Cardiodactylus, redescribe 3 species and bring new signalizations for 5 species. Whenever possible, information is provided about species distribution, male calling song and male and female genitalia, forewing venation and habitat.

}, keywords = {Cardiodactylus, Eneopterinae, Gryllidae, new species, revision, Wallace line}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.3854.110.11646/zootaxa.3854.1.1}, url = {http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.3854.1}, author = {ROBILLARD, TONY and GOROCHOV, ANDREJ V. and POULAIN, SIMON and SUHARDJONO, YAYUK R.} } @article {57994, title = {Lateralization of Travelling Wave Response in the Hearing Organ of Bushcrickets}, year = {2014}, abstract = {

Travelling waves are the physical basis of frequency discrimination in many vertebrate and invertebrate taxa, including mammals, birds, and some insects. In bushcrickets (Tettigoniidae), the crista acustica is the hearing organ that has been shown to use sound-induced travelling waves. Up to now, data on mechanical characteristics of sound-induced travelling waves were only available along the longitudinal (proximal-distal) direction. In this study, we use laser Doppler vibrometry to investigate in-vivo radial (anterior-posterior) features of travelling waves in the tropical bushcricket Mecopoda elongata. Our results demonstrate that the maximum of sound-induced travelling wave amplitude response is always shifted towards the anterior part of the crista acustica. This lateralization of the travelling wave response induces a tilt in the motion of the crista acustica, which presumably optimizes sensory transduction by exerting a shear motion on the sensory cilia in this hearing organ.

}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.008609010.1371/journal.pone.0086090.g00110.1371/journal.pone.0086090.g00210.1371/journal.pone.0086090.g00310.1371/journal.pone.0086090.s00110.1371/journal.pone.0086090.s002}, url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086090}, author = {Arun Palghat Udayashankar and K{\"o}ssl, Manfred and Nowotny, Manuela} } @article {57944, title = {Sensory evolution of hearing in tettigoniids with differing communication systems}, journal = {Journal of Evolutionary Biology}, volume = {27}, year = {2014}, month = {Jan-01-2014}, pages = {200 - 213}, abstract = {

In Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera), hearing organs are essential in mate detection. Male tettigoniids usually produce calling songs by tegminal stridu- lation, whereas females approach the males phonotactically. This unidirec- tional communication system is the most common one among tettigoniids. In several tettigoniid lineages, females have evolved acoustic replies to the male calling song which constitutes a bidirectional communication system. The genus Poecilimon (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) is of special interest because the ancestral state of bidirectional communication, with calling males and responding females, has been reversed repeatedly to unidirec- tional communication. Acoustic communication is mediated by hearing organs that are adapted to the conspecific signals. Therefore, we analyse the auditory system in the Tettigoniidae genus Poecilimon for functional adapta- tions in three characteristics: (i) dimension of sound-receiving structures (tympanum and acoustic spiracle), (ii) number of auditory sensilla and (iii) hearing sensitivity. Profound differences in the auditory system correlate with uni- or bidirectional communication. Among the sound-receiving structures, the tympana scale with body size, whereas the acoustic spiracle, the major sound input structure, was drastically reduced in unidirectional communicating species. In the unidirectional P. ampliatus group, auditory sensilla are severely reduced in numbers, but not in the unidirectional P. propinquus group. Within the P. ampliatus group, the number of auditory sensilla is further reduced in P. intermedius which lost acoustic signalling due to parthenogenesis. The auditory sensitivity correlated with the size of the acoustic spiracle, as hearing sensitivity was better with larger spiracles, espe- cially in the ultrasonic range. Our results show a significant reduction in auditory structures, shaped by the differing sex roles during mate detection.

}, keywords = {animal communication, insect hearing, regressive evolution, sensory ecology, sensory evolution, tympanal organ}, doi = {10.1111/jeb.2014.27.issue-110.1111/jeb.12294}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jeb.2014.27.issue-1}, author = {Strau{\ss}, J. and Lehmann, A. W. and Gerlind U.C. Lehmann} } @article {57891, title = {Processing of simple and complex acoustic signals in a tonotopically organized ear}, year = {2014}, abstract = {

Processing of complex signals in the hearing organ remains poorly understood. This paper aims to contribute to this topic by presenting investigations on the mechanical and neuronal response of the hearing organ of the tropical bushcricket species Mecopoda elongata to simple pure tone signals as well as to the conspecific song as a complex acoustic signal. The high-frequency hearing organ of bushcrickets, the crista acustica (CA), is tonotopically tuned to frequencies between about 4 and 70 kHz. Laser Doppler vibrometer measurements revealed a strong and dominant low-frequency-induced motion of the CA when stimulated with either pure tone or complex stimuli. Consequently, the high-frequency distal area of the CA is more strongly deflected by low-frequency-induced waves than by high-frequency-induced waves. This low-frequency dominance will have strong effects on the processing of complex signals. Therefore, we additionally studied the neuronal response of the CA to native and frequency-manipulated chirps. Again, we found a dominant influence of low-frequency components within the conspecific song, indicating that the mechanical vibration pattern highly determines the neuronal response of the sensory cells. Thus, we conclude that the encoding of communication signals is modulated by ear mechanics.

}, keywords = {bushcricket, crista acustica, Electrophysiology, insect hearing, laser Doppler vibrometry, Tettigoniidae}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2014.1872}, url = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2014.1872https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2014.1872}, author = {Hummel, Jennifer and Wolf, Konstantin and K{\"o}ssl, Manfred and Nowotny, Manuela} } @article {53155, title = {Rapid Convergent Evolution in Wild Crickets}, journal = {Current Biology}, volume = {24}, year = {2014}, month = {Jan-06-2014}, pages = {1369 - 1374}, abstract = {

The earliest stages of convergent evolution are difficult to observe in the wild, limiting our understanding of the incipient genomic architecture underlying convergent phenotypes [1, 2]. To address this, we capitalized on a novel trait, flatwing, that arose and proliferated at the start of the 21stcentury in a population of field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus) on the Hawaiian island of Kauai [3]. Flatwing erases sound-producing structures on male forewings. Mutant males cannot sing to attract females, but they are protected from fatal attack by an acoustically orienting parasitoid fly (Ormia ochracea). Two years later, the silent morph appeared on the neighboring island of Oahu. We tested two hypotheses for the evolutionary origin of flatwings in Hawaii: (1) that the silent morph originated on Kauai and subsequently introgressed into Oahu and (2) that flatwing originated independently on each island. Morphometric analysis of male wings revealed that Kauai flatwings almost completely lack typical derived structures, whereas Oahu flatwings retain noticeably more wild-type wing venation. Using standard genetic crosses, we confirmed that the mutation segregates as a single-locus, sex-linked Mendelian trait on both islands. However, genome-wide scans using RAD-seq recovered almost completely distinct markers linked with flatwing on each island. The patterns of allelic association with flatwing on either island reveal different genomic architectures consistent with the timing of two mutational events on the X chromosome. Divergent wing morphologies linked to different loci thus cause identical behavioral outcomes - silence - illustrating the power of selection to rapidly shape convergent adaptations from distinct genomic starting points.

}, issn = {09609822}, doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2014.04.053}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960982214005247https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0960982214005247?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0960982214005247?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Pascoal, Sonia and Cezard, Timothee and Eik-Nes, Aasta and Gharbi, Karim and Majewska, Jagoda and Payne, Elizabeth and Ritchie, Michael G. and Zuk, Marlene and Nathan W. Bailey} } @article {50713, title = {A new voice in the chorus}, year = {2014}, url = {https://thesmallermajority.com/2014/09/30/a-new-voice-in-the-chorus/} } @article {47909, title = {ASPECTS OF SOUND PRODUCING ORGANS IN GRYLLINE CRICKETS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SCIOBIA SP. (ORTHOPTERA: GRYLLIDAE) AND THEIR SYSTEMATIC STATUS}, journal = {Int. J. Biol. Res/}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, pages = {63-65}, chapter = {63}, abstract = {

Studies on sound producing organs of grylline crickets are reviewed with reference to their impact on ascertaining systematic status in these crickets. In this light these characters in Sciobia Burmeister are reviewed and on this basis the systematic position of this genus is briefly discussed.

}, author = {Imtiaz Ahmad and Nasreen Khan} } @article {47345, title = {Chromosomal diversification in the flightless Western Mediterranean bushcricket genus Odontura (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) inferred from molecular data}, journal = {Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research}, volume = {52}, year = {2014}, month = {Jan-05-2014}, pages = {109 - 118}, abstract = {

We used molecular characters to infer the phylogenetic position of the Western Mediterranean bushcricket genus Odontura and to trace its high karyotype diversity. Analysis of 1391 base pairs of two mitochondrial genes (COI and ND1) and one nuclear sequence (ITS2) was conducted. Phylogenetic topologies were estimated using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and likelihood-based Bayesian inference. The genus Odontura is a phylogenetic outlier in respect of all other European Phaneropterinae genera and has been proposed to have originated from a hitherto unknown ancestor. Our results support the monophyly of the genus Odontura and the recognition of two subgenera: Odontura and Odonturella. We found that both Sicilian taxa of the subgenus Odontura have a completely identical morphology and song patterns. Combining these results, we proposed that both should be treated as subspecies: O. (Odontura) stenoxypha stenoxypha and O. (O.) st. arcuata. Bioacoustic data also proved to support independent markers, with song characteristics reflecting the molecular topology. Mapping the karyotypic characters onto the phylogenetic tree allows a reconstruction of the directions and transitional stages of chromosome differentiation. The number of autosomes within the genus Odontura ranges from 26 to 30. In addition to the ancestral X0 sex determination mechanism, neo-XY and neo-X1X2Y sex chromosomes have evolved independently.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, chromosome evolution, molecular phylogeny, Odontura, Phaneropterinae}, doi = {10.1111/jzs.2014.52.issue-210.1111/jzs.12046}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jzs.2014.52.issue-2}, author = {Grzywacz, Beata and Klaus-Gerhard Heller and Arne W. Lehmann and Warcha{\l}owska-{\'S}liwa, El{\.z}bieta and Gerlind U.C. Lehmann} } @article {17247, title = {A New North American Species of Bucrates (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae: Copiphorini)}, journal = {Journal of Orthoptera Research}, volume = {23}, year = {2014}, month = {Jan-07-2014}, pages = {69 - 73}, abstract = {

Bucrates weissmani n.sp. is known from four localities in southern Arizona. It is smaller and more slender than the other four species of Bucrates, making it superficially similar to the Central American copiphorine Caulopsis cuspidata, but more fundamental features refute the notion that it belongs in Caulopsis rather than Bucrates. Four other species of Bucrates are known. Two of these, capitatus (De Geer) and clausus (Scudder), occur in sympatry in Central America and tropical South America; lanista Rehn is known only from southern Brazil; and malivolans (Scudder) is restricted to the southeastern United States. All are easily distinguished morphologically and, for the three for which the songs are known, by their songs. Unlike the two other species of Bucrates for which the habitat is known, B. weissmani occurs on altitudinal islands at the edge of a desert. The calling song of B. weissmani resembles that of numerous species of Neoconocephalus, whereas the songs of B. malivolans and B. capitatus, resemble each other more than either song resembles that of B. weissmani.

}, issn = {1082-6467}, doi = {10.1665/034.023.010110.1665/034.023.0101.s4}, url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1665/034.023.0101}, author = {Thomas J. Walker} } @article {16473, title = {Systematics and Acoustics of North American Anaxipha (Gryllidae: Trigonidiinae)}, journal = {Journal of Orthoptera Research}, volume = {23}, year = {2014}, month = {Jan-07-2014}, pages = {1 - 38}, issn = {1082-6467}, doi = {10.1665/034.023.010210.1665/034.023.0102.s13}, url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1665/034.023.0102}, author = {Thomas J. Walker and Funk, David H.} } @article {15290, title = {Taxonomic, bioacoustic and faunistic data on a collection of Tettigonioidea from Eastern Congo (Insecta: Orthoptera)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3785}, year = {2014}, month = {Apr-04-2014}, pages = {343}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.3785.310.11646/zootaxa.3785.3.2}, url = {http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.3785.3}, author = {Klaus-Gerhard Heller and Claudia Hemp and Chunxiang Liu and Volleth, Marianne} } @article {12665, title = {Selective phonotaxis of female crickets under natural outdoor conditions}, journal = {Journal of Comparative Physiology A}, volume = {200}, year = {2014}, month = {Jan-03-2014}, pages = {239 - 250}, abstract = {Acoustic mate choice in insects has been extensively studied under laboratory conditions, using different behavioural paradigms. Ideally, however, mate choice designs should reflect natural conditions, including the physical properties of the transmission channel for the signal. Since little is known about the discrimination ability of females between male song variants under natural conditions, we performed phonotaxis experiments with female field crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) outdoors, using two-choice decisions based on differences in carrier frequency, sound pressure level, and chirp rate. For all three song parameters, minimum differences necessary for a significant preference between two song models were considerably larger outdoors compared to laboratory conditions. A minimum amplitude difference of 5 dB was required for a significant choice in the field, compared to only 1{\textendash}2 dB reported for lab-based experiments. Due to the tuned receiver system, differences in carrier frequency equal differences in perceived loudness, and the results on choice for differences in carrier frequency corroborate those in amplitude. Similarly, chirp rate differences of 50 chirps/min were required outdoors compared to only 20 chirps/min in the lab. For predictions about patterns of sexual selection, future studies need to consider the different outcomes of mate choice decisions in lab and field trials.}, keywords = {acoustic communication, Decision making, Female choice, Field cricket, phonotaxis}, issn = {0340-7594}, doi = {10.1007/s00359-014-0881-7}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00359-014-0881-7}, author = {Hirtenlehner, Stefan} } @article {12664, title = {Shrinking Wings for Ultrasonic Pitch Production: Hyperintense Ultra-Short-Wavelength Calls in a New Genus of Neotropical Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, month = {May-06-2014}, pages = {e98708}, abstract = {

This article reports the discovery of a new genus and three species of predaceous katydid (Insecta: Orthoptera) from Colombia and Ecuador in which males produce the highest frequency ultrasonic calling songs so far recorded from an arthropod. Male katydids sing by rubbing their wings together to attract distant females. Their song frequencies usually range from audio (5 kHz) to low ultrasonic (30 kHz). However, males of Supersonus spp. call females at 115 kHz, 125 kHz, and 150 kHz. Exceeding the human hearing range (50 Hz\–20 kHz) by an order of magnitude, these insects also emit their ultrasound at unusually elevated sound pressure levels (SPL). In all three species these calls exceed 110 dB SPL rms re 20 m Pa (at 15 cm). Males of Supersonus spp. have unusually reduced forewings (,0.5 mm 2 ). Only the right wing radiates appreciable sound, the left bears the file and does not show a particular resonance. In contrast to most katydids, males of Supersonus spp. position and move their wings during sound production so that the concave aspect of the right wing, underlain by the insect dorsum, forms a contained cavity with sharp resonance. The observed high SPL at extreme carrier frequencies can be explained by wing anatomy, a resonant cavity with a membrane, and cuticle deformation.

}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0098708}, url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098708}, author = {Sarria-S, Fabio A. and Glenn K. Morris and James F.C. Windmill and Joseph Curt Jackson and Fernando Montealegre-Zapata}, editor = {Etges, William J.} } @article {11175, title = {Ultrasonic reverse stridulation in the spider-like katydid Arachnoscelis (Orthoptera: Listrosceledinae)}, journal = {Bioacoustics}, volume = {23}, year = {2014}, month = {Feb-01-2014}, pages = {67 - 77}, abstract = {

This paper illustrates the biomechanics of sound production in the neotropical predaceous katydid Arachnoscelis arachnoides (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Described and previously known from only one male specimen, this genus of predaceous katydids resembles spiders in their general body appearance. To call distant females, male katydids produce songs by stridulation where one forewing possessing a sclerotized file rubs against a row of teeth (scraper) on the other wing. In most katydid species, the songs are produced during the wing-closing phase of the stridulation. Morphological comparative studies of the stridulatory apparatus of the type specimen of Arachnoscelis arachnoides and males of other closely related species suggest that this insect sings with a frequency of ca. 80 kHz to attract conspecific females. We found an abundant population of A. arachnoides in Central Northeast of Colombia and undertook a complete analysis of the biomechanics of stridulation in this species. Using ultrasound-sensitive equipment and high-speed video, we determined that male A. arachnoides sing at ca. 74 kHz and use elastic energy and wing deformation to reach such ultrasonic frequencies. In contrast to most katydids, males of this species produce their calls during the opening phase of the wing; this form of stridulation is discussed.

}, keywords = {biomechanics, Colombia, elastic energy, stridulation, ultrasound}, issn = {0952-4622}, doi = {10.1080/09524622.2013.816639}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09524622.2013.816639}, author = {Benedict D. Chivers and Jonsson, Thorin and Cadena-Castaneda, Oscar J. and Fernando Montealegre-Zapata} }