02611nas a2200121   4500008004100000245011900041210006900160520214400229100002102373700001802394700002402412856005302436       2012                        eng d00aMating Behaviour and Vibratory Signalling in Non-Hearing Cave Crickets Reflect Primitive Communication of Ensifera0 aMating Behaviour and Vibratory Signalling in NonHearing Cave Cri3 a<p>In Ensifera, the lack of well-supported phylogeny and the focus on acoustic communication of the terminal taxa hinders understanding of the evolutionary history of their signalling behaviour and the related sensory structures. For Rhaphidophoridae, the most relic of ensiferans following morphology-based phylogenies, the signalling modes are still unknown. Together with a detailed description of their mating process, we provide evidence on vibratory signalling for the sympatric European species Troglophilus neglectus and T. cavicola. Despite their temporal shift in reproduction, the species&rsquo; behaviours differ significantly. Signalling by abdominal vibration constitutes an obligatory part of courtship in T. neglectus, while it is absent in T. cavicola. Whole-body vibration is expressed after copulation in both species. While courtship signalling appears to stimulate females for mating, the function of post-copulation signals remains unclear. Mating and signalling of both species were found to take place in most cases on bark, and less frequently on other available substrates, like moss and rock. The signals&rsquo; frequency spectra were substrate dependent, but with the dominant peak always expressed below 120 Hz. On rock, the intensity of T. neglectus courtship signals was below the species&rsquo; physiological detection range, presumably constraining the evolution of such signalling in caves. The species&rsquo; behavioural divergence appears to reflect their divergent mating habitats, in and outside caves. We propose that short-range tremulation signalling in courtship, such as is expressed by T. neglectus, represents the primitive mode and context of mechanical signalling in Ensifera. The absence of high-frequency components in the signals may be related to the absence of the crista acoustica homologue (CAH) in the vibratory tibial organ of Rhaphidophoridae. This indirectly supports the hypothesis proposing that the CAH, as an evolutionary precursor of the ear, evolved in Ensifera along the (more) complex vibratory communication, also associated with signals of higher carrier frequency.</p>
1 aStritih, Nataša1 aČokl, Andrej1 aGordon, Deborah, M.  uhttps://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.004764602717nas a2200241   4500008004100000245009000041210006900131260001600200300001400216490000600230520187200236653001802108653001602126653001202142653001802154653001702172653001202189653002402201100001802225700002502243700002702268856018002295       2019                        eng d00aStink Bug Communication with Multimodal Signals Transmitted through Air and Substrate0 aStink Bug Communication with Multimodal Signals Transmitted thro  cJan-12-2019  a407 - 4240 v33 a<p>This review represents complex mechanisms and processes of multimodal communication in stink bugs. During reproductive behavior the airborne and substrate-borne signals enable mate recognition, mediate directionality of movement, eliminate rivals and motivate partners for copulation. Species specific characteristics prevent hybridization at various levels of mating behavior. Male sex and/or aggregation pheromones as uni- or multicomponent signals attract mates to land on the same plant and there, trigger females to call males by vibratory signals, transmitted through the plant. Communication during courtship runs at short distance with visual, airborne, substrate-borne and contact chemical and mechanical signals. Abdomen vibrations produce the main repertoire of female and male calling, courtship and rival vibratory signals. To increase their informational value, stink bugs tune signal frequency, amplitude and temporal characteristics with mechanical properties of plants. The airborne component of species non-specific and high amplitude signals, produced by body tremulation and wing buzzing enables communication contact between mates standing on mechanically isolated plants. Female vibratory signals increase the amount of male emitted pheromone and the latter keeps female calling. Interaction, synergy and characteristics of visual, contact chemical and vibratory signals, exchanged during courtship remain under-investigated. Female and male competition for access to copulation in imbalanced sex conditions is characterized by duetting with rival song vibratory signals. Different receptors in and on different parts of the body are able to detect with high sensitivity multimodal airborne and substrate-borne communication signals. The relevance of the multimodal communication for the reproductive success of stink bugs is discussed.</p>
10acommunication10aenvironment10ainsects10aMultimodality10aPentatomidae10aSignals10aTransmission Medium1 aČokl, Andrej1 aŽunič-Kosi, Alenka1 aLaumann, Raul, Alberto  uhttps://ijournalse.org/index.php/ESJ/article/view/215https://ijournalse.org/index.php/ESJ/article/viewFile/215/pdfhttps://ijournalse.org/index.php/ESJ/article/viewFile/215/pdf