01583nas a2200193 4500008004100000245005600041210005600097260001600153300001300169490000700182520103100189100001901220700001901239700002001258700002001278700001901298700002001317856005201337 2018 eng d00aFour types of vibration behaviors in a mole cricket0 aFour types of vibration behaviors in a mole cricket cOct-10-2018 ae02046280 v133 a

Vibrational communication is known in some subterranean insects. Except for their use in sexual signaling, vibration behavior has rarely been reported. We report here four distinct types of substrate-based vibration behaviors in the mole cricket, Gryllotalpa orientalis, which are not associated with sexual signaling because of the occurrence of these behaviors in nymphs: (1) scraping with the forelegs; (2) foreleg taps (tapping with the forelegs); (3) palpal taps (tapping with the maxillary palpi); and (4) tremulation (back-and-forth movement of the whole body). Scraping is hypothesized to be used for the inspection of borrows. Foreleg taps are possibly informing nearby individuals of their presence, because it is never observed in solitary conditions. Palpal taps are rarely observed and its function is unknown. Tremulation is possibly related to avoidance of conspecific individual approaching and touching. The combination of the four vibration behaviors in the mole cricket may be unique among insects.

1 aHayashi, Yaoko1 aYoshimura, Jin1 aRoff, Derek, A.1 aKumita, Tetsuro1 aShimizu, Akira1 aRobillard, Tony uhttp://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.020462801261nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245006800054210006400122260001600186300001400202490000700216520077200223100002200995700002001017856006601037 1992 eng d a0003347200aThe quantitative genetics of sound production in Gryllus firmus0 aquantitative genetics of sound production in Gryllus firmus cJan-11-1992 a823 - 8320 v443 a

The species-specific calling songs of male cricket are used by females for species recognition and mate choice. Heritability of variation of morphological structures involved in song production, components of the calling song, and body size were estimated for the cricket Gryllus firmus. The heritabilities of morphological structures range from 0·42 to 0·73, while those of the song components range from 0·10 to 0·35. Comparison between sire and dam components suggests that there may be non-additive and/or maternal effects. As a result of the low correlation between body size and song components, it is unlikely that female G. firmus use the calling song to assess male body size or wing morph (micropterous or macropterous).

1 aWebb, Karen, Lynn1 aRoff, Derek, A. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334720580578001872nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245011900054210006900173260001600242300001600258490000700274520132800281100002001609700002001629856006501649 1995 eng d a0003347200aFitness differences associated with calling behaviour in the two wing morphs of male sand crickets, Gryllus firmus0 aFitness differences associated with calling behaviour in the two cJan-01-1995 a1475 - 14810 v503 a

Alternate morphologies exist in a wide range of species. A commonly encountered dimorphism in insects is wing dimorphism, in which one morph is winged (macropterous=LW) and flight-capable while the other has reduced wings (micropterous=SW) and cannot fly. Gryllus firmus is a wing-dimorphic cricket found in the southeastern U.S.A. Although trade-offs associated with wing dimorphism are well established in female crickets, no such trade-offs have been demonstrated in male crickets. Differences between morphs in male G. firmus in the likelihood of attracting a female were tested in the laboratory using a simple T-maze where females chose between an LW male and an SW male. Time spent caling for each male was recorded on the sixth day of adult life. SW males were more likely to attract a female and spent more time calling than LW males. A logistic regression of female choice against the absolute proportional difference in calling time between males revealed that, as the difference in calling time between males increased, the likelihood of a female choosing the longer-calling male also increased. Therefore it is concluded that there is a trade-off between macroptery and the likelihood of attracting a female, and that it may be a primary factor in the maintenance of wing dimorphism in male G. firmus.

1 aCrnokrak, Peter1 aRoff, Derek, A. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0003347295800042