02870nas a2200217 4500008004100000245008000041210007100121520213700192653002102329653001702350653001602367653001802383653002002401653002302421100002902444700001802473700002002491700001402511700001802525856010902543 2022 eng d00aSpatial dynamics of soundscapes and biodiversity in a semi‐arid landscape0 aSpatial dynamics of soundscapes and biodiversity in a semi‐arid 3 a

Context
Semi-arid landscapes are naturally hetero- geneous with several factors influencing this varia- tion. Fauna responses and adaptations vary in xeric environments, and the scale of observation is impor- tant. Biodiversity monitoring at several scales can be challenging, and acoustics are an alternative to this issue.

Objectives
We investigated how audible biodiver- sity is influenced by environmental factors (e.g.: veg- etation metrics, climatic variables, etc.) across a fine spatial scale, aiming to provide a better understand- ing of the variation in audible species across record- ing locations placed close together. These results will improve the current knowledge on ecoacoustics as a tool for measuring ecological processes in this biome, and better inform conservation plans.

Methods
We collected data in the semi-arid region in Queensland, Australia placing 24 recorders 200 m apart for 48 h. We also sampled environmental attributes (e.g.: temperature and vegetation structure metrics) and used acoustic indices in a time-series algorithm to categorise sound into classes. Bird spe- cies and feeding guilds were also identified.

Results We found significant differences between proximate sensors, demonstrating that soundscape differences occur across fine spatial scales. Birds and insects were the predominant biophonic sound observed and both groups were associated with shrub cover and subcanopy height. Environments with higher shrub and subcanopy cover had a higher per- centage of all birds’ feeding guilds and insects. Sixty- three bird species were identified, including a threat- ened bird species in Queensland.

Conclusion
We show biodiversity is influenced by vegetation heterogeneity across fine spatial scales in semi-arid regions, identifying which attributes sus- tain higher levels of biodiversity activity. Our study reveals the practicality of acoustic surveys for this biodiversity monitoring by covering a large area in 48 h. However, we caution that scale is an important consideration when designing surveys.

10aacoustic indices10abiodiversity10aShrub cover10aSpatial scale10aSubcanopy cover10aVegetation mosaics1 aScarpelli, Marina, D. A.1 aTucker, David1 aDoohan, Brendan1 aRoe, Paul1 aFuller, Susan uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/content/spatial-dynamics-soundscapes-and-biodiversity-semi%E2%80%90arid-landscape02046nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001300041245011500054210006900169260001600238300001100254490000800265520118700273653002101460653001301481653003501494653002201529653002201551653003201573100003001605700001901635700001701654700002201671700002001693856006701713 2021 eng d a1470160X00aSilent winters and rock-and-roll summers: The long-term effects of changing oceans on marine fish vocalization0 aSilent winters and rockandroll summers The longterm effects of c cJan-06-2021 a1074560 v1253 a

The analysis of temporal trends and spatial patterns of marine sounds can provide crucial insights to assess the abundance, distribution, and behavior of fishes and of many other species. However, data on species-specific temporal and seasonal changes are still extremely limited. We report here the result of the longest recording ever conducted (five years, from 2014 to 2018) on fish vocalization. Findings from the Eastern Taiwan Strait (ETS) revealed a periodic fish chorusing pattern, with peaks in summer and almost complete silence, for ~2 months, during winter. Chorusing pattern was influenced by abiotic parameters, including temperature, tides and moon phase. We also report, for the first time, that extreme weather events (e.g., typhoons, storms with sediment resuspension) caused the cessation of the chorusing. The chorusing pattern explored in this long-term study provides important baseline data to understand the impact of climate change and of climate-driven extreme/episodic events on the phenology of fishes; this work also provides evidence that changes in the ambient conditions might significantly alter the phenology of vocalizing marine species.

10aacoustic indices10aBehavior10aClimate-driven episodic events10aFish vocalization10aMarine soundscape10aPassive acoustic recordings1 aSiddagangaiah, Shashidhar1 aChen, Chi-Fang1 aHu, Wei-Chun1 aDanovaro, Roberto1 aPieretti, Nadia uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1470160X2100121703115nas a2200193 4500008004100000245017600041210006900217520242600286653002102712653001502733653001502748653001902763653001502782100001502797700002602812700002202838700002402860856003702884 2021 eng d00aRapid coral reef assessment using 3D modelling and acoustics: acoustic indices correlate to fish abundance, diversity and environmental indicators in West Papua, Indonesia0 aRapid coral reef assessment using 3D modelling and acoustics aco3 a

Background
Providing coral reef systems with the greatest chance of survival requires effective assessment and monitoring to guide management at a range of scales from community to government. The development of rapid monitoring approaches amenable to collection at community level, yet recognised by policymakers, remains a challenge. Technologies can increase the scope of data collection. Two promising visual and audio approaches are (i) 3D habitat models, generated through photogrammetry from video footage, providing assessment of coral cover structural metrics and (ii) audio, from which acoustic indices shown to correlate to vertebrate and invertebrate diversity, can be extracted.

Methods
We collected audio and video imagery using low cost underwater cameras (GoPro Hero7™) from 34 reef samples from West Papua (Indonesia). Using photogrammetry one camera was used to generate 3D models of 4 m2 reef, the other was used to estimate fish abundance and collect audio to generate acoustic indices. We investigated relationships between acoustic metrics, fish abundance/diversity/functional groups, live coral cover and reef structural metrics.

Results
Generalized linear modelling identified significant but weak correlations between live coral cover and structural metrics extracted from 3D models and stronger relationships between live coral and fish abundance. Acoustic indices correlated to fish abundance, species richness and reef functional metrics associated with overfishing and algal control. Acoustic Evenness (1,200–11,000 Hz) and Root Mean Square RMS (100–1,200 Hz) were the best individual predictors overall suggesting traditional bioacoustic indices, providing information on sound energy and the variability in sound levels in specific frequency bands, can contribute to reef assessment.

Conclusion
Acoustics and 3D modelling contribute to low-cost, rapid reef assessment tools, amenable to community-level data collection, and generate information for coral reef management. Future work should explore whether 3D models of standardised transects and acoustic indices generated from low cost underwater cameras can replicate or support ‘gold standard’ reef assessment methodologies recognised by policy makers in marine management.

10aacoustic indices10acoral reef10amonitoring10aPhotogrammetry10aSoundscape1 aPeck, Mika1 aTapilatu, Ricardo, F.1 aKurniati, Eveline1 aRosado, Christopher uhttps://peerj.com/articles/1076102252nas a2200181 4500008004100000245010500041210006900146520164300215653002101858653001701879653001701896653001501913653001801928653001401946100002101960700001801981856007101999 2019 eng d00aA soundscape assessment of the Sasso Fratino Integral Nature Reserve in the Central Apennines, Italy0 asoundscape assessment of the Sasso Fratino Integral Nature Reser3 a

Ecoacoustics investigates natural and anthropogenic sounds and their relationship with the environment. It is a powerful tool for biodiversity monitoring, management and conservation and also with regards to the global climate change issue. This study, based on data collected in 2017, describes for the first time the soundscape of the Sasso Fratino Integral Nature Reserve (INR) in Italy, an area characterised by the almost absence of anthropogenic noise, where we selected three recording sites within and adjacent the reserve. We adopted a double approach: one qualitative, based on visual screening of compact daily spectrograms; the other quantitative, by generating acoustic indices. In general, all sites are characterised by quiet nights and very acoustically dense daylight hours, with a composite biophony occupying the range 1500–9000 Hz. Moreover, the principal component analysis shows that the sites inside and outside the reserve are well differentiated and distinctly clustered, which could be due to their spatial heterogeneity and to the biophony’s different contributions. In this case, our results agree with the recognition of sonic patterns, or sonotopes, related to the different overlapping of biotic and abiotic sonic agents. The long-term acoustic data collection allows a reference repository to be built for monitoring the INR’s biophony status and evolution: as any human presence or intervention is currently prohibited, only external global changes could be considered as possible factors influencing any shift in the species’ presence and distribution inside the reserve.

10aacoustic indices10abiodiversity10aecoacoustics10amonitoring10aNational Park10asonotopes1 aRighini, Roberta1 aPavan, Gianni uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14888386.2019.169622903307nas a2200313 4500008004100000245010000041210006900141260004000210520226600250653002102516653001802537653001702555653001302572653001202585653001502597653001902612653003302631653001702664653002602681653001302707653004402720653002702764653003402791653002302825653003902848653001802887100002102905856006702926 2018 eng d00aANALYSIS AND VISUALISATION OF VERY-LONG-DURATION ACOUSTIC RECORDINGS OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT0 aANALYSIS AND VISUALISATION OF VERYLONGDURATION ACOUSTIC RECORDIN bQueensland University of Technology3 a

Advances in technology and reduction in data storage costs enable the autonomous collection of large quantities of continuous audio recordings. While the collection of very long environmental recordings has become easier, the analysis of these recordings remains challenging. A very-long-duration audio recording is defined as one with a minimum length of one day, but may have durations of weeks, months, or years. This thesis provides methods for data reduction and visualisation that enable the ecological interpretation and navigation of very-long-duration audio recordings.
The major theme of data reduction commenced after the establishment of protocols and the collection of two thirteen-month continuous audio recordings from two separate Southeast Queensland forest ecosystems. The acoustic indices calculated on one-minute audio segments were used to develop two new techniques to visualise the contents of very- long-duration recordings. An acoustic index is a mathematical expression used to measure a particular aspect of the energy distribution in audio recordings. Microphone failure in one channel was noticed shortly after the recording commenced. A method was established to detect microphone problems in long recordings.
A novel error measure was developed to detect seasonal and site differences and enable optimisation of the clustering based on seasonal and site differences in the data. Cluster interpretation on very-long-duration audio recordings is problematic because listening to large amounts of audio is time-consuming and therefore impractical. To overcome this, a series of five methods were developed to build on the interpretations made through listening. These methods enabled the allocation of an acoustic label to each cluster, resulting in a labelled acoustic sequence. This acoustic sequence was used to develop three additional visualisation techniques.
The culmination of the methods developed in this thesis was the six case studies. These extended the ecological interpretation of the acoustic sequence beyond those that were made through the visualisations. The case studies demonstrated that clustering can facilitate ecological interpretation of very-long-duration audio recordings.

10aacoustic indices10aAnthropophony10abioacoustics10abiophony10aCicadas10aClustering10aData reduction10aDiel plots; Dot-matrix plots10aecoacoustics10aEcological Monitoring10aGeophony10aLong-duration false-colour spectrograms10aMicrophone malfunction10aPrincipal Components Analysis10aSoundscape ecology10aVery-long-duration audio recording10aVisualisation1 aPhillips, Yvonne uhttps://eprints.qut.edu.au/123020/1/Yvonne_Phillips_Thesis.pdf01053nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009600041210006900137520054000206653002500746653002100771653002800792653002300820100002500843856003900868 2017 eng d00aThe Clustering of Acoustic Indices derived from Long-duration Recordings of the Environment0 aClustering of Acoustic Indices derived from Longduration Recordi3 a

This paper outlines the recording dataset and methods used to choose a clustering algorithm for a large twenty-six month acoustic dataset. The recordings were of the natural environment and consist of thirteen months of recording from each of two sites in two national parks 160 km north of Brisbane, Queensland. This paper also explains the calculation and use of the intra-three-day-distance (I3DD) error measure used to determine the optimum clustering result. Site maps and photos are provided at the end of this document.

10aacoustic environment10aacoustic indices10ahierarchical clustering10ak-means clustering1 aPhillips, Yvonne, F. uhttps://eprints.qut.edu.au/110659/01121nas a2200145 4500008004100000245010500041210006900146520061600215653002500831653002100856653001800877653002100895653002000916856003900936 2017 eng d00aThe calculation of acoustic indices derived from long-duration recordings of the natural environment0 acalculation of acoustic indices derived from longduration record3 a

The work described in this technical report is part of ongoing research within the QUT Ecoacoustics Research Group to build practical tools for the manipulation, analysis and visualisation of recordings of the natural environment. This report describes methods we use to calculate spectral and summary acoustic indices derived from recordings of the environment. A spectral index is a vector of N values, one for each frequency bin of the spectrogram. A summary index is a scalar value, in some cases derived directly from the waveform envelope and in other cases from the corresponding spectral index.

10aacoustic environment10aacoustic indices10aeco-acoustics10aspectral indices10asummary indices uhttps://eprints.qut.edu.au/110634/