02446nas a2200205 4500008004100000245007100041210006900112520175400181653002401935653002401959653002601983653002402009653001102033653001902044100002602063700002202089700002202111700002102133856008602154 2019 eng d00aExperience modulates an insect’s response to anthropogenic noise0 aExperience modulates an insect s response to anthropogenic noise3 a

In response to anthropogenic noise, vertebrates express modified acoustic communication signals either through individual plasticity or local population adaptation. In contrast, how insects respond to this stressor is poorly studied. Field crickets Gryllus bimaculatus use acoustic signals to attract and locate mates and are commonly found in noisy roadside environments, offering a powerful system to study the effects of anthropogenic noise on insect communication. Rapid repetition of sexual calls (chirps) is essential to attract females, but calling incurs energetic costs and attracts predators. As a result, males are predicted to reduce calling rates when background noise is high. Here, we combine observations and experimental playbacks to show that the responses of field cricket males to anthropogenic noise also depend on their previous experience with passing cars. First, we show that males living on highway edges decrease their chirp rate in response to passing cars. To assess whether this behavioral response depends on previous exposure to car noise, we then broadcast recordings of car noise to males located at different distances from the road and, therefore, with different previous exposure to car noise. Although all tested individuals responded to broadcasted traffic noise, males closest to the road decreased their chirp rate less than individuals calling further from the road. These results suggest that regular exposure to anthropogenic noise may decrease individuals’ sensitivity and behavioral responses to noise, allowing them to maintain effective signaling rates. Behavioral plasticity modulated by experience may thus allow some insect species to cope with human-induced environmental stressors.

10aacoustic adaptation10aanthropogenic noise10abehavioral plasticity10aGryllus bimaculatus10aInsect10asexual signals1 aGallego-Abenza, Mario1 aMathevon, Nicolas1 aWheatcroft, David1 aCandolin, Ulrika uhttps://academic.oup.com/beheco/advance-article/doi/10.1093/beheco/arz159/557470301966nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245007100055210006900126260001600195520133000211653002101541653002401562653002401586653001901610653001901629100001801648700002001666856008601686 2018 eng d a1045-224900aAnthropogenic noise disrupts mate searching in Gryllus bimaculatus0 aAnthropogenic noise disrupts mate searching in Gryllus bimaculat cApr-10-20183 a

Many animals use acoustic communication as a means of sending important biological information, such as their location, to potential receivers. However, anthropogenic noise is known to affect the ability of some species to either produce or receive signals, which may influence their reproductive success. In this study, we investigate the effect of anthropogenic noise on the mate-searching behaviors of the field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. To accomplish this, phonotaxis trials were conducted with female field crickets under different acoustic conditions, and their ability to detect and move towards conspecific male calls was assessed. The presence of traffic noise reduced the likelihood that the female would approach the male calls and also reduced the time that the female spent attending to the calling stimulus before making her decision. However, the presence of white noise did not reduce the likelihood of approaching the calling speaker, indicating that the average amplitude of anthropogenic noise is, alone, not important in this conflict, but frequency and fluctuations in the stimulus or other characteristics might be. This study supports the hypothesis that anthropogenic noise does indeed influence the detectability of acoustic mate location signals, thus disrupting mate searching behavior.

10aacoustic signals10aanthropogenic noise10aGryllus bimaculatus10amate searching10asexual signals1 aBent, Adam, M1 aIngs, Thomas, C uhttps://academic.oup.com/beheco/advance-article/doi/10.1093/beheco/ary126/511566701494nas a2200229 4500008004100000245010900041210006900150300001200219490000700231520069300238653001400931653002200945653002400967653002400991653002401015653002201039653002401061653001401085100001701099700002101116856012701137 1988 eng d00aPhysical processes and mechanism of sound production in Field Cricket Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer0 aPhysical processes and mechanism of sound production in Field Cr a109-1200 v133 a

The paper describes the acoustic apparatus of field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. A model is proposed for the mechanism of sound production. Physical and acoustic apparatus are reported. Mutilation experiments on the elytra of the insect were performed to study the relative contribution of the components of the acoustic apparatus. Different physical processes involved in the sound production such as signal generation, amplification, frequency modukation (FM) and amplitude modulation (AM) are discussed. The quality of the sound analysed by the sonagraphic technique. It consists of fundamnetal (5kHz) and two overtones (10,5 & 16kHz), the former being prominent.

10aamplifier10aelytral vibration10afile-scraper system10afrequency geneartor10afrequency modulator10africtional system10aGryllus bimaculatus10aresonance1 aAhmad, Adeel1 aSiddiqui, M., A. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/content/physical-processes-and-mechanism-sound-production-field-cricket-gryllus-bimaculatus-de-geer