00667nas a2200157 4500008004100000245007900041210006900120260001600189490000700205100002200212700001900234700002200253700002400275700002200299856018800321 2020 eng d00aComplex courtship in the Habronattus clypeatus group (Araneae: Salticidae)0 aComplex courtship in the Habronattus clypeatus group Araneae Sal cJan-12-20200 v481 aRivera, Christine1 aHedin, Marshal1 aMason, Andrew, C.1 aMaddison, Wayne, P.1 aElias, Damian, O. uhttps://bioone.org/journals/the-journal-of-arachnology/volume-48/issue-3/JoA-S-18-045/Complex-courtship-in-the-Habronattus-clypeatus-group-Araneae-Salticidae/10.1636/JoA-S-18-045.full01979nas a2200157 4500008004100000245014900041210006900190520137800259100002301637700001901660700001701679700002401696700002501720700002201745856005401767 2020 eng d00aMorphological Evidence for the Sensitivity of the Ear Canal of Odontocetes as shown by Immunohistochemistry and Transmission Electron Microscopy0 aMorphological Evidence for the Sensitivity of the Ear Canal of O3 a

Tthe function of the external ear canal in cetaceans is still under debate and its morphology is largely unknown. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses using antibodies specific for nervous tissue (anti-S100, anti-NSE, anti-NF, and anti-PGP 9.5), together with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and various histological techniques, were carried out to investigate the peripheral nervous system of the ear canals of several species of toothed whales and terrestrial cetartiodactyla. this study highlights the innervation of the ear canal with the presence of lamellar corpuscles over its entire course, and their absence in all studied terrestrial mammals. Each corpuscle consisted of a central axon, surrounded by lamellae of Schwann receptor cells, surrounded by a thin cellular layer, as shown by IHC and TEM. These findings indicate that the corpuscles are mechanoreceptors that resemble the inner core of Pacinian corpuscles without capsule or outer core, and were labelled as simple lamellar corpuscles. They form part of a sensory system that may represent a unique phylogenetic feature of cetaceans, and an evolutionary adaptation to life in the marine environment. Although the exact function of the ear canal is not fully clear, we provide essential knowledge and a preliminary hypothetical deviation on its function as a unique sensory organ.

1 aDe Vreese, Steffen1 aAndré, Michel1 aCozzi, Bruno1 aCentelleghe, Cinzia1 avan der Schaar, Mike1 aMazzariol, Sandro uhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-61170-402674nas a2200097 4500008004100000245009700041210006900138520222100207100002802428856012002456 2020 eng d00aEffect of Anthropogenic Noise on Reef Macroinvertebrates (Lambis lambis and Tridacna maxima)0 aEffect of Anthropogenic Noise on Reef Macroinvertebrates Lambis 3 a

Boat noise has been shown to distract and cause harm to many marine organisms. Most of the study effort has been focused on fish & marine mammals, even though invertebrates represent 99% of all living organisms, both terrestrial and aquatic. The small amount of studies conducted on invertebrates have demonstrated a clear negative correlation between anthropogenic noise pollution and invertebrate well-being. The small giant clam Tridacna maxima and the spider conch Lambis lambis are two invertebrate species which play key roles in coral reef ecosystems, and are little studied for the effects of noise disturbance. If their behaviour is significantly affected by boat noise, this could cause a knock on effect on the rest of the reef ecosystem. T. maxima functions as prey to many fish species, contributing up to 9% of the reef’s calcium carbonate budget, as well as playing a role in nutrient cycling. L. lambis is essential prey for molluscivore snails and certain elasmobranchs, and through its herbivorous feeding, helps to keep filamentous algae levels low. Moreover, coral reefs are reliant on the biological sound primarily created by invertebrates, such as snapping shrimp, to attract larvae from the pelagic environment for settlement. During experiments conducted in February 2020 in the Red Sea, Daily Diary Monitoring (DDMT) smart tags were used to measure the reactions of T. maxima and L. lambis respectively during underwater playback of boat noise compared with ambient reef sound. It was found that both T. maxima and L. lambis exhibited behavioral changes during the boat noise treatment. The implications of this study is that individuals of L. lambis and T. maxima may spend energy averting the invisible "threat" of boat noise, rather than feeding and/or photosynthesizing, in the case of T. maxima. If this hinders the acquisition of food/production, the whole reef ecosystem may be compromised in a knock-on effect from these producers and primary consumers. As boat noise is prevalent on inshore Red Sea reefs, shown by a 24-hour acoustic analysis of a patch reef sound pressure levels (SPL), invertebrates might be affected on a large scale in the Red Sea.

1 aHavlik, Michelle-Nicole uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/content/effect-anthropogenic-noise-reef-macroinvertebrates-lambis-lambis-and-tridacna-maxima02084nas a2200121 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133520153800202100002101740700002101761700002401782856015601806 2020 eng d00aSound Production and Mechanism in the Giant Sea Bass, Stereolepis gigas (Polyprionidae)0 aSound Production and Mechanism in the Giant Sea Bass Stereolepis3 a

This study provided a first detailed description of the acoustic calls and the possible sound production mechanism in the Giant Sea Bass (Stereolepis gigas). Passive acoustic (hydrophone) recordings of Giant Sea Bass sounds were made of three mature individuals (40–45 kg) held in a circular 17,000 l seawater tank isolated from other fish species. Four basic sounds plus combinations were identified from the tank recordings when fish were present and were encountered on numerous occasions throughout the study. We classified the basic sounds as two types of pulses (A and B), short bursts, and long bursts, and combinations of short and long bursts. Mean peak frequencies of the four sound types were less than 39 Hz, while mean durations ranged from 67 ms to 545 ms, depending on sound type. We also obtained and dissected two mature, adult Giant Sea Bass to describe the morphology of a putative sound production mechanism. Five putative sonic muscles were discovered between each of the first six pleural ribs of the male examined. These five massive muscles (=obliquus superioris?) unite ribs 3 to 9 and were found at the level of the deep hypaxial musculature. The identification of these sounds and accompanying sonic mechanism marks the first occurrence of sound production in the family of wreckfishes (Polyprionidae). This knowledge of the acoustic characteristics increases our ability to document the presence, activity, and possibly the abundance of this critically endangered species at spawning sites.

1 aAllen, Larry, G.1 aLadin, Emily, S.1 aRowell, Timothy, J. uhttps://bioone.org/journals/copeia/volume-108/issue-4/CI2020041/Sound-Production-and-Mechanism-in-the-Giant-Sea-Bass-Stereolepis/10.1643/CI2020041.full02089nas a2200145 4500008004100000245010700041210006900148520147500217653001501692653002101707653002901728653002801757100002201785856013601807 2020 eng d00aObservations on mechanisms and phenomena underlying underwater and surface vocalisations of grey seals0 aObservations on mechanisms and phenomena underlying underwater a3 a

Air and water constitute acoustic propagation media with very different physical properties. Consequently, mechanisms for air- and water-borne sound generation observed in terrestrial and aquatic animals are also significantly different. Notwithstanding, some amphibious species are capable of making efficient use of their vocal tracts in both environments. The present study investi- gates such a phenomenon on the example of grey seals Halichoerus grypus. Grey seals vocalise both underwater and above the water surface emitting variety of sounds. Both kinds of vocalisations were recorded using microphones and hydrophones, and analysed for their acoustic parameters which could be related to the underlying generation mechanisms. Also, video with synchronised underwater audio recordings were captured, allowing to link the acoustic phe- nomena with specific behaviour of the animals. The vocalisations are categorised into three groups based on differences in acoustic characteristics. Temporal and spectral parameters of the sounds belonging to each group are determined and discussed in terms of potential underlying generation mechanisms. Based on the adopted criteria surface vocalisations do not constitute a separate group but are categorised together with other tonal sounds pro- duced underwater. Other two vocalisation groups include pulsed sounds with different bandwidths, duration times, repetition rates and associated behavioural signatures.

10aGrey seals10asound production10aunderwater vocalisations10avocalisation mechanisms1 aNowak, Lukasz, J. uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09524622.2020.1851298https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09524622.2020.185129802163nas a2200157 4500008004100000245019700041210006900238520132700307653001301634653007501647100002201722700002901744700002101773700002801794856018301822 2020 eng d00aAdvertisement call of two threatened red-bellied-toads, Melanophryniscus cambaraensis and M. macrogranulosus (Anura: Bufonidae), from the Atlantic Rainforest, southern Brazil0 aAdvertisement call of two threatened redbelliedtoads Melanophryn3 a

In anuran amphibians, acoustic signals are fundamental mechanisms of mate recognition and mate choice, which makes frog calls a fundamental tool for anuran taxonomy. In this work, we describe the advertisement call of two species for the genus Melanophryniscus, M. cambaraensis and M. macrogranulosus and use the descriptions to try to solve a taxonomic problem between them. We collected data after heavy rains in three different sample sites in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between 2012 and 2013. The advertisement call of both species is composed of two segments. It always begins with part A (about 0.44–6 seconds) composed of single modulated pulses separated by long time intervals. It is followed by part B, a long train of unmodulated pulses with short time intervals, lasting from 9 to 32.2 seconds. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated some variation between temporal parameters of the two species, but Multivariate Analysis of Variance showed no significant differences. Within-individual Coefficient of Variation (CV) showed only two static parameters: pulse rate and peak frequency, both in the part B of the call. Despite intra-male variation in some acoustic parameters, it is not possible to differentiate between M. cambaraensis and M. macrogranulosus species only using bioacoustics.

10aAmphibia10aTaxonomy; Bioacoustics; Amphibian; Endemic species; Endangered species1 aCAORSI, VALENTINA1 aBORDIGNON, DEBORA, WOLFF1 aMárquez, Rafael1 aBORGES-MARTINS, MÁRCIO uhttps://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4894.2https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4894.2.2https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/viewFile/65968/6438502419nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245017100055210006900226260001600295300001400311490000900325520150400334653001701838653001701855653001501872653002401887653002101911100002901932700001901961700002601980856018302006 2020 eng d a1175-532600aBioacoustics of poorly known Poecilimon taxa (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with redescriptions of P. pechevi and P. stschelkanovzevi0 aBioacoustics of poorly known emPoecilimonem taxa Insecta Orthopt cApr-12-2020 a535 - 5530 v48903 a

The genus Poecilimon has been object of several studies dealing with its systematics, sound communication and evolution. Yet, published data contradict in the classification, while many taxa are still insufficiently known. In the present study we supplement the knowledge of 13 poorly known species and one additional subspecies with data on their sound communication and/or morphology. Most species concerned here are classified within two acoustic groups. First group includes P. celebi, P. obtusicercus and P. toros, showing typical characteristics of the P. syriacus group. Second group is more heterogeneous. Among that, P. pechevi, P. armeniacus, P. harveyi, P. guichardi, P. haydari, P. doga, P. davisi and P. excisus present a song pattern similar to that of P. ampliatus. In addition, P. ataturki is also quite similar in basic song structure to the latter but differs in its fine song structure. Poecilimon stschelkanovzevi, with unclear relationships, is described morphologically in detail. The present study provides hints for solving some disagreement between recent revisions, proposing unification of the Poecilimon celebi with P. syriacus group and opening discussion based on close relationships of the groups ampliatus, armeniacus, davisi, luschani and the species P. guichardi on one hand, while the complex P. ataturki/glandifer shows significant differences on the other. The acoustic peculiarities of the ampliatus group allies are discussed in an evolutionary light.

10aBarbitistini10abush-cricket10amorphology10asound communication10asound production1 aChobanov, Dragan, Petrov1 aSevgili, Hasan1 aHeller, Klaus-Gerhard uhttps://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4890.4https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4890.4.6https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/viewFile/65904/6434602839nas a2200097 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140520238500209100002802594856011902622 2020 eng d00aVibratory Communication in the Black Widow Spider, Latrodectus hesperus (Araneae: Theridiidae)0 aVibratory Communication in the Black Widow Spider Latrodectus he3 a

Several studies have described vibration producing behaviours across many web-building spiders, and vibratory communication is thought to play an integral role during male-female interactions. Despite the presumed ubiquity of vibratory communication in this group of spiders, very little is known about the characteristics and functions of the signals involved, how signals are produced and transmitted through webs, or how vibrations are perceived. In this thesis, I used the western black widow spider, Latrodectus hesperus, as my focal organism, to investigate the details of vibratory communication from sender to the receiver. My results show that male L. hesperus courtship vibration signals comprise three distinct components (abdominal tremulation, bounce and web plucks), each produced using different signal production mechanism. Larger males produced bounce and web pluck signals with high power, which suggests that these signals may carry information about male traits. I found that during the early phase of courtship, males produced these different signal components haphazardly, with little temporal organization among the individual components (unstructured signaling). However, during the later phase of courtship, as males approach females, males intermittently organized signal components into a stereotyped temporal sequence (structured signaling). I tested the importance of these composite multicomponent signals, and found that males that displayed these structured signals more often were more likely to successfully copulate and copulate sooner. Vibrations arriving at the females are transmitted through the legs. My results show that the more distal joints of the legs (i.e. tarsus-metatarsus joint) move more to higher frequencies, and more proximal joints are tuned to lower frequencies. This suggests that female leg-joints play an important role in segregating vibration frequencies, and this may have important implications for prey/mate discrimination, as well as vibration source localization. These results show that L. hesperus males employ multiple signal components during courtship, and provide novel insights into emergent signal complexities in a web-building spider, previously thought to be ‘simple’ signalers. Additionally, the spider body mechanics can play a key role in influence vibration perception.

1 aSivalinghem, Senthurran uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/content/vibratory-communication-black-widow-spider-latrodectus-hesperus-araneae-theridiidae00458nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126100002000195700002200215700001900237700001900256856006100275 2020 eng d00aSqueaking caterpillars: independent evolution of sonic defense in wild silkmoths0 aSqueaking caterpillars independent evolution of sonic defense in1 aSugiura, Shinji1 aTakanashi, Takuma1 aKojima, Wataru1 aKajiura, Zenta uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ecy.311202493nas a2200181 4500008004100000245020200041210006900243520164800312653002401960653002101984653002102005653000902026653001402035100003002049700002402079700002502103856018302128 2020 eng d00aAdvertisement call and diel pattern of Pseudisplatensis (Anura, Hylidae, Pseudinae) in the Brazilian Pantanal and a bioacoustical comparison with Pseudisparadoxa0 aAdvertisement call and diel pattern of emPseudisememplatensisem 3 a

Anuran advertisement calls are life history traits associated with sexual selection and reproduction, and they play an important role in premating isolation mechanisms between species. Comparative bioacoustical analyses of these calls can be useful for taxonomic purposes. Phylogenetic relationships within the genera Pseudis are controversial, especially those related to P. platensis, which is often considered a full species or a subspecies within P. paradoxa. The advertisement call of P. platensis has not been described in detail; therefore, call comparisons of these two conspecifics have not been possible. In this study, we describe the advertisement call and diel activity pattern of P. platensis in the Brazilian Pantanal and compare the calls of P. platensis and P. paradoxa to elucidate whether acoustical parameters may help resolve the present uncertain taxonomic treatment. The advertisement call of P. platensis lasted 0.21 ± 0.01 s and consisted of a short series of 8.05 ± 0.69 distinct pulses (9.34 ± 2.94 ms of pulse duration). The vocal activity of the species was largely restricted to a few hours after dusk (7–11 p.m.), which is inconsistent with the diurnal and nocturnal calling behavior described for other Pseudis congeners. The advertisement calls of P. platensis and P. paradoxa were similar in note duration, number of pulses per note and dominant frequency. The geographic variation of calls within species was similar to that found among species. This bioacoustical comparison does not provide new insights into whether P. platensis should be considered a distinct species.

10aacoustic monitoring10aActivity pattern10acalling activity10afrog10aPseudinae1 aPÉREZ-GRANADOS, CRISTIAN1 aSchuchmann, Karl-L.1 aMarques, Marinez, I. uhttps://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4768.2https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4768.2.5https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/viewFile/61518/6097001278nas a2200133 4500008004100000245010300041210006900144520079600213100001801009700002501027700002001052700002001072856005201092 2020 eng d00aSablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) produce high frequency rasp sounds with frequency modulation0 aSablefish iAnoplopoma fimbriai produce high frequency rasp sound3 a

Sablefish sounds, named rasps, were recorded at two captive facilities in British Columbia and Washington State. Rasps consisted of highly variable broadband trains of 2 to 336 ticks that lasted between 74 and 10 500 ms. The 260 rasps that were measured contained frequencies between 344 and 34 000 Hz with an average peak frequency of 3409 Hz. The frequency structure of ticks within rasps was highly variable and included both positive and negative trends. This finding makes sablefish one of the few deep-sea fish for which sounds have been validated and described. The documentation of sablefish sounds will enable the use of passive acoustic monitoring methods in fisheries and ecological studies of this commercially important deep-sea fish.

1 aRiera, Amalis1 aRountree, Rodney, A.1 aAgagnier, Lucas1 aJuanes, Francis uhttp://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/10.000107102051nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245010400055210006900159260001600228300001400244490000800258520135800266653001401624653001401638653000801652653001701660653003501677100002001712700001801732700002401750856004701774 2020 eng d a1313-298900aA new species of cryptic Bush frog (Anura, Rhacophoridae, Raorchestes) from northeastern Bangladesh0 anew species of cryptic Bush frog Anura Rhacophoridae Raorchestes cApr-04-2021 a127 - 1510 v9273 a

Raorchestes is a speciose genus of bush frogs with high diversity occurring in the Western Ghats of In- dia. Relatively fewer species have been recorded across India, through Bangladesh, southern China, into Vietnam and Peninsular Malaysia. Many bush frogs are morphologically cryptic and therefore remain undescribed. Here, a new species, Raorchestes rezakhani sp. nov., is described from northeastern Bangla- desh based on morphological characters, genetics, and bioacoustics. The 16S rRNA gene distinguished this species from 48 known species of this genus. Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses indicated that the new species was most similar to R. tuberohumerus, a species found in the Western Ghats, and to R. gryllus, a species found in Vietnam. Bioacoustics indicated that their calls were similar in pattern to most Raorchestes species, although number of pulses, duration of pulses, pulse intervals and amplitude differentiated it from a few other species. It is suggested that northeastern India, Bangladesh, northern Myanmar, and southern China represent important, relatively unexplored areas that could yield additional species of Raorchestes. Since many remaining habitat patches in Bangladesh are under severe threat from deforestation, efforts should be made to protect these last patches from further degradation.

10aAmphibian10abush frog10aDNA10aherpetofauna10aRaorchestes rezakhani sp. nov.1 aAl-Razi, Hassan1 aMaria, Marjan1 aBin Muzaffar, Sabir uhttps://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/48733/02835nas a2200169 4500008004100000245012700041210006900168520220200237653003502439653001702474653001902491653003102510100002102541700002002562700002102582856006202603 2020 eng d00aIndividuality in the vocalizations of infant and adult coppery titi monkeys ( Plecturocebus cupreus )0 aIndividuality in the vocalizations of infant and adult coppery t3 a

As social animals, many primates use acoustic communication to maintain relationships. Vocal individuality has been documented in a diverse range of primate species and call types, many of which have presumably different functions. Auditory recognition of one's neighbors may confer a selective advantage if identifying conspecifics decreases the need to participate in costly territorial behaviors. Alternatively, vocal individuality may be nonadaptive and the result of a unique combination of genetics and environment. Pair‐bonded primates, in particular, often participate in coordinated vocal duets that can be heard over long distances by neighboring conspecifics. In contrast to adult calls, infant vocalizations are short‐range and used for intragroup communication. Here, we provide two separate but complementary analyses of vocal individuality in distinct call types of coppery titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus) to test whether individuality occurs in call types from animals of different age classes with presumably different functions. We analyzed 600 trill vocalizations from 30 infants and 169 pulse‐chirp duet vocalizations from 30 adult titi monkeys. We predicted that duet contributions would exhibit a higher degree of individuality than infant trills, given their assumed function for long‐distance, intergroup communication. We estimated 7 features from infant trills and 16 features from spectrograms of adult pulse‐chirps, then used discriminant function analysis with leave‐one‐out cross‐validation to classify individuals. We correctly classified infants with 48% accuracy and adults with 83% accuracy. To further investigate variance in call features, we used a multivariate variance components model to estimate variance partitioning in features across two levels: within‐ and between‐individuals. Between‐individual variance was the most important source of variance for all features in adults, and three of four features in infants. We show that pulse‐chirps of adult titi monkey duets are individually distinct, and infant trills are less individually distinct, which may be due to the different functions of the vocalizations.

10adiscriminant function analysis10apair bonding10avocal duetting10avocalization individuality1 aLau, Allison, R.1 aClink, Dena, J.1 aBales, Karen, L. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajp.2313402038nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245011000055210006900165260001600234520126100250653002701511653001701538653003001555653001501585653002401600100002201624700002201646700002001668700002101688700002001709856007901729 2020 eng d a0046-225X00aMate Choice Behavior of Female Field Crickets Is Not Affected by Exposure to Heterospecific Calling Songs0 aMate Choice Behavior of Female Field Crickets Is Not Affected by cSep-04-20203 a

Many animals produce acoustic signals to mark territories and attract mates. When different species produce acoustic signals simultaneously, the signals create a noisy environment, with potential acoustic interference between species. Theoretical studies suggest that such reproductive interference may have strong effects on species interaction. For example, the inferior resource competitor can survive if its disadvantage is counterbalanced by superiority in reproductive interference. Two field cricket species, Teleogryllus occipitalis (Audinet-Serville) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) and Loxoblemmus equestris Saussure (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), cooccur in the same habitat. A previous study has shown that L. equestris is an inferior species to T. occipitalis in terms of resource competition. Therefore, we predicted that mate location and choice behavior of female T. occipitalis would be negatively affected by the acoustic signals of L. equestris and tested this with a series of playback experiments. The mate choice behavior of female T. occipitalis was not significantly affected by the calling song of L. equestris. Our results suggest that the acoustic interference does not explain the cooccurrence of the two species in the same habitat.

10aacoustic communication10acalling song10ainterspecific competition10aOrthoptera10aspecies interaction1 aKuriwada, Takashi1 aKawasaki, Rintaro1 aKuwano, Akifumi1 aReddy, Gadi, V P1 aGinzel, Matthew uhttps://academic.oup.com/ee/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ee/nvaa034/581817901311nas a2200241 4500008004100000245008300041210006900124520053000193653001700723653001900740653001600759653004700775653001300822653000800835653004900843653003500892653000900927100002000936700002600956700002400982700002401006856003901030 2020 eng d00aSeasonal Changes in Male Oyster Toadfish’s Response to Boatwhistle Playbacks0 aSeasonal Changes in Male Oyster Toadfish s Response to Boatwhist3 a

Opasanus tau, the Oyster Toadfish inhabits estuaries along the Atlantic coast. Males produce a short, harmonic mating call titled a 'boatwhistle' to attract females from late May to early August. A hydrophone was deployed under the dock at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole Massachusetts to passively monitor their mating behavior. An underwater speaker played boatwhistles at the toadfish at varied times throughout the day and season to determine the male response to hearing extraneous noise.

10abioacoustics10amarine biology10aopsanus tau10aSwenson College of Science and Engineering10atoadfish10aUMD10aUndergraduate Research Opportunities Program10aUniversity of Minnesota Duluth10aUROP1 aCurtis, Nora, J1 aMackiewicz, Alayna, G1 aPutland, Rosalyn, L1 aMensinger, Allen, F uhttp://hdl.handle.net/11299/21233902273nas a2200205 4500008004100000245010700041210006900148520160100217653001601818653001801834653002001852653001401872653002901886653001601915653001701931653002901948100002301977700002302000856004402023 2020 eng d00aDoes the presence of an observer affect a bird's occurrence rate or singing rate during a point count?0 aDoes the presence of an observer affect a birds occurrence rate 3 a

The approach or presence of an observer may affect the behavior of nearby birds, rendering them either more or less detectable than when no observer is present due to a change in singing rates. To test whether there are systematic detection biases associated with the presence of an observer during point count bird surveys, we compared the occurrence and singing rates of birds during a 10‐min period immediately preceding the time when an observer arrived to conduct a count and during the formal count itself by extracting song information from autonomous sound recorders. We obtained recordings of 36 species of birds detected at ≥5 locations in one of three vegetation types, including burned conifer forest, green conifer/riparian streamside forest, and riparian bottomland/marshland. We found that species richness and both the probability of occurrence and singing rate for any of the species recorded were unaffected by the presence of an observer. In addition, the probability of occurrence did not differ significantly among four 2.5‐min recording sessions during 10‐min counts when an observer was present. Thus, the presence of an observer did not appear to introduce any detectable systematic bias that would make bird lists or unadjusted occurrence rates inaccurate on that basis alone. In addition, rates of bird occurrence across 2.5‐min temporal subsets of a 10‐min count did not vary in a systematic way that would violate the assumption of equal occupancy across adjacent time periods as sometimes used to build detection histories in occupancy modeling.

10abird survey10adetectability10aobserver effect10aoccupancy10apassive acousticsampling10apoint count10asinging rate10autonomous recording unit1 aHutto, Richard, L.1 aHutto, Russell, R. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jofo.1232901990nas a2200121 4500008004100000245015000041210006900191520148600260100002001746700002401766700002201790856005601812 2020 eng d00aMark recapture distance sampling: using acoustics to estimate the fraction of dolphins missed by observers during shipboard line-transect surveys0 aMark recapture distance sampling using acoustics to estimate the3 a

Cetacean abundance estimation often relies on distance sampling methods using ship-board visual line-transect surveys, which assumes that all animals on the trackline aredetected and that the detection of animals decreases with increasing distance fromthe trackline. Mark–Recapture Distance Sampling (MRDS) typically employs a sec-ondary visual observation team and may be used to identify the fraction of animalsdetected on the trackline when it is suspected that animals may have been missed.For species that are difficult to detect using visual observation methods, such as deep-diving species or those with cryptic surfacing behavior, this secondary team may beprone to the same limitations in detection as the primary observation team and alter-native modes of detection may improve estimates. Here we examine the potential useof passive acoustic detection as a secondary platform for MRDS of rough-tootheddolphins (Steno bredanensis) during a combined visual and acoustic shipboard line-transect survey. The average trackline detection probability for rough-toothed dolphinswas less than one for both the trial configuration (averagep(0)0.45 for the visualteam) and independent observer configuration (averagep(0)0.37 for the visual,p(0)0.77 for the acoustic andp(0)0.84 for both teams combined). This study,while limited in scope, strongly suggests that passive acoustic methods may be aneffective alternative for estimatingp(0)for some cetaceans species.

1 aRankin, Shannon1 aOedekoven, Cornelia1 aArcher, Frederick uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10651-020-00443-701936nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245009400055210006900149260001600218300001600234490000800250520136800258100002101626700002101647700001701668700001701685856005201702 2020 eng d a0001-496600aFin whale acoustic presence and song characteristics in seas to the southwest of Portugal0 aFin whale acoustic presence and song characteristics in seas to  cJan-04-2020 a2235 - 22490 v1473 a

Fin whales were once abundant in the seas to the southwest of Portugal, but whaling activities decreased their numbers considerably. Acoustic data from ocean bottom seismometers provide an opportunity to detect fin whales from their notes, data that would otherwise be logistically challenging and expensive to obtain. Based on inter-note interval and frequency bandwidth, two acoustic patterns produced by fin whales were detected in the study area: pattern 1, described from fin whales in the Mediterranean Sea, and pattern 2, associated with fin whales from the northeast North Atlantic Ocean (NENA). NENA fin whales travel into the western Mediterranean Sea, but the Mediterranean population has not been documented to travel regularly into the NENA. In this study, 11 months of acoustic data recorded southwest of Portugal in the NENA were used to characterize 20-Hz fin whale notes into these patterns. Pattern 2 was the most common and occurred mostly in November–January. Pattern 1 occurred less frequently and mostly in September–December, February and April, which suggested a limited excursion of whales from the Mediterranean Sea. There were also occasions when the two patterns were recorded simultaneously. Results suggest that fin whales from the NENA and Mediterranean Sea might mix in the area during part of the year.

1 aPereira, Andreia1 aHarris, Danielle1 aTyack, Peter1 aMatias, Luis uhttp://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/10.000106602196nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001300041245010900054210006900163260001600232300001400248490000800262520160500270100002601875700002101901700003701922856006701959 2020 eng d a0003347200aCall production induces motor-driven ZENK response in the song control system of black-capped chickadees0 aCall production induces motordriven ZENK response in the song co cJan-05-2020 a145 - 1530 v1633 a

Imitative vocal learning has now been described in a variety of taxa, but is most extensively studied for birdsong learning. However, songbirds produce a variety of songs and calls that also are learned. For example, black-capped chickadees, Poecile atricapillus, produce a variety of highly complex learned vocalizations that they use in different contexts. The role of the neural song control system, including the HVC and the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA), in the production of chickadee calls is unclear. In this experiment, birds were housed in different conditions to elicit fee-bee songs and gargle, chick-a-dee and tseet calls. The birds were exposed to different stimuli (i.e. a novel live chickadee, a stuffed saw-whet owl, Aegolius acadicus, a mirror, or long-day photoperiods) and their behavioural and vocal responses were recorded. Brains were then processed to label immediate early gene (ZENK) immunoreactivity. In both HVC and RA, the gargle call elicited the most ZENK immunoreactivity. Although the fee-bee song is well established to depend on imitative vocal learning, its production did not induce the most motor-driven ZENK. These findings suggest that activity in the song control system may be more closely correlated with the acoustic complexity of learned vocalizations than with the extent of imitative learning required during development. These findings, and those of earlier studies, indicate that the neural circuit commonly referred to as the ‘song control system’ is better described as a vocal control system for learned vocalizations.

1 aMischler, Shannon, K.1 aKarlin, Emma, J.1 aMacDougall-Shackleton, Scott, A. uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334722030066X01809nas a2200157 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163260001600232300000700248490000700255520111400262100002001376700002301396700002401419856020801443 2020 eng d00aDescription of the Advertisement and Aggressive Calls of the Enigmatic Trinidad Thin-Toed Frog Leptodactylus nesiotus0 aDescription of the Advertisement and Aggressive Calls of the Eni cJan-04-2020 a630 v153 a

Research on elusive amphibians is challenging, resulting in a lack of basic information on their natural history. This is the case of Leptodactylus nesiotus, a rare and elusive frog found in a small swamp in the southwestern peninsula of the island of Trinidad (West Indies). Here, we provide additional call descriptions for data collected in the field (Trinidad) and laboratory in 2004, including descriptions of both advertisement and aggressive calls. The notes in the advertisement calls were divided in two types of pulses, both lasting on average less than 0.04 s and with average peak frequencies less than 16,000 Hz. The aggressive calls also displayed two types of pulses lasting 0.06 s maximum on average and with highest average peak frequency of 1,612 Hz. The only significant difference between these two call types relates to the temporal structures, but a larger dataset is needed to confirm the pattern. There were no temporal significant differences between the calls described here and the ones described in earlier literature, although we provide a more detailed call description.

1 aBorzée, Amaël1 aNguyen, Hoa, Quynh1 aJowers, Michael, J. uhttps://bioone.org/journals/south-american-journal-of-herpetology/volume-15/issue-1/SAJH-D-18-00011.1/Description-of-the-Advertisement-and-Aggressive-Calls-of-the-Enigmatic/10.2994/SAJH-D-18-00011.1.full02062nas a2200181 4500008004100000245014000041210006900181520139100250653001601641653001401657653002201671653002801693653003301721100002001754700002401774700001901798856006301817 2020 eng d00aBrevity is not a universal in animal communication: evidence for compression depends on the unit of analysis in small ape vocalizations0 aBrevity is not a universal in animal communication evidence for 3 a

Evidence for compression, or minimization of code length, has been found across biological systems from genomes to human language and music. Two linguistic laws—Menzerath’s Law (which states that longer sequences consist of shorter constituents) and Zipf’s Law of abbreviation (a negative relationship between signal length and frequency of use)— are predictions of compression. It has been proposed that compression is a universal in animal communication, but there have been mixed results, particularly in reference to Zipf’s Law of abbreviation. Like songbirds, male gibbons (Hylobates muelleri) engage in long solo bouts with unique combinations of notes which combine into phrases. We found strong support for Menzerath’s Law as the longer a phrase, the shorter the notes. To identify phrase types, we used state-of-the-art affinity propagation clustering, and were able to predict phrase types using support vector machines with a mean accuracy of 74%. Based on unsupervised phrase type classification, we did not find support for Zipf’s Law of abbreviation. Our results indicate that adherence to linguistic laws in male gibbon solos depends on the unit of analysis. We conclude that principles of compression are applicable outside of human language, but may act differently across levels of organization in biological systems.

10acompression10aHylobates10aMenzerath’s Law10aunsupervised clustering10aZipf’s Law of abbreviation1 aClink, Dena, J.1 aAhmad, Abdul, Hamid1 aKlinck, Holger uhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.20015102617nas a2200205 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163520186400232653001602096653002302112653002402135653003502159653003702194653002202231100002202253700002602275700002902301700002502330856005602355 2020 eng d00aVoice breaking and its relation to body mass and testosterone level in the Siberian Crane (Leucogeranus leucogeranus)0 aVoice breaking and its relation to body mass and testosterone le3 a

Vocal development of cranes (Gruidae) has attracted scientific interest due to its special stage, voice breaking. During voice breaking, chicks of different crane species produce calls with two fundamental frequencies that correspond to those in adult low-frequency and juvenile high-frequency vocalizations. However, triggers that affect voice breaking in cranes are mainly unknown. Here we studied the voice breaking in the Siberian Crane (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) and test its relation to the body mass and testosterone level. We analyzed 5846 calls, 39 body mass measurements and 60 blood samples from 11 Siberian Crane chicks in 8 ages from 2.5 to 18 months of life together with 90 body mass measurements and 61 blood samples from 24 Siberian Crane adults. The individual duration of voice breaking and dates of its onset, culmination and completion depended neither on the body mass nor on the testosterone level at various ages. But we found correlation between the testosterone level and mean deltas of percentages of the high and low frequency components in Siberian Crane calls between the closest recording sessions. We also observed some coincidence in time between the mean dates of voice breaking onset and the termination of body mass gain (at 7.5 months of age), and between the mean dates of voice breaking completion and the start of a new breeding season. Similar relations have been shown previously for some other crane species. We also showed for the first time that the mean dates of voice breaking culmination correlated with the significant increase of the testosterone level (at 10.5 months of age). So, we suggest that voice breaking in cranes may be triggered by the end of chicks’ body growth, is stimulated by the increase of testosterone level and ends soon after adult cranes stop taking care of their chicks.

10aBiphonation10aBody weight growth10aNon-passerine birds10aParent–offspring interaction10aSex hormone level in adolescents10avocal development1 aKlenova, Anna, V.1 aGoncharova, Maria, V.1 aKashentseva, Tatiana, A.1 aNaidenko, Sergey, V. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10336-020-01773-w01443nas a2200133 4500008004100000245016000041210006900201520084700270653005001117100003001167700002801197700002901225856005501254 2020 eng d00aMorphology and vocalization support specific status of the Chestnut-headed Chachalaca, Ortalis motmot ruficeps (Wagler, 1830) (Aves; Galliformes; Cracidae)0 aMorphology and vocalization support specific status of the Chest3 a

The Little Chachalaca (Ortalis motmot) is a widely distributed species in the Amazon basin, typically found in riverine habitats. There are two disjunct populations: the northern O. m. motmot and the southern O. m. ruficeps (known as Chestnut-headed Chachalaca). Here we performed a vocal, morphological and plumage comparison between these two taxa. Birds present differences in tail coloration but are otherwise undiagnosable in terms of plumage. Ortalis m. ruficeps is, however, markedly smaller and lighter than O. m. motmot, with no overlap in size or weight. We also found vocal differences between O. m. motmot and O. m. ruficeps, no overlap in geographic distributions and no signs of hybridization across its range. Based on the available data, Ortalis m. ruficeps thus must be considered a valid species, endemic to Brazil.

10aMorphology; Plumage; Voice; Little Chachalaca1 aTomotani, Barbara, Mizumo1 aSilveira, Luís, Fábio1 aPacheco, José, Fernando uhttp://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/15399605463nas a2200265 4500008004100000245008800041210006900129520457700198653002404775653002704799653000904826653001304835653002504848653002804873653001904901653002104920653002704941653001304968653001804981653002404999653001505023653001505038100003205053856011205085 2020 eng d00aDivergent selection and reproductive isolation: an empirical study on reed buntings0 aDivergent selection and reproductive isolation an empirical stud3 a

Divergent selection and local adaptation are responsible for many phenotypic differences between populations, potentially leading to speciation through the evolution of reproductive barriers. Acoustic divergence, in particular, is often the basis of assortative mating and behavioral isolation in birds. However, some species have different singing styles used in distinct social contexts, and songs of each style may change at different rates over time and space. Mate recognition largely depends on learning, generally resulting in discrimination against nonlocal stimuli. Nevertheless, there may also be geographical variation in discrimination, allowing inference on the mechanisms behind recognition. Morphologic divergence can cause reproductive isolation too, and a strong association between bill traits and foraging niche, at a given place and time, may indicate ecological speciation is at play and how.
This thesis focused on reed buntings (Emberiza schoeniclus), a small passerine that breeds in marshlands throughout the Palearctic. Populations of three subspecies were studied: migratory E. s. schoeniclus, breeding in northern and central Europe; and the residents E. s. lusitanica from northwest Iberia and E. s. witherbyi from southeast Iberia and southern France (hereafter schoeniclus, lusitanica and witherbyi, respectively).
Four main objectives were addressed using different approaches: (1) phenotypic divergence was evaluated to determine the extent of local adaptation to migration and diet, using linear measurements and geometric morphometrics; (2) song divergence between subspecies and between the three singing styles of each subspecies were tested searching for effects of sexual selection, using spectral traits and derived synthetic variables; (3) song discrimination level was determined to infer premating reproductive isolation, using playback of fast song to test territorial males; (4) association between bill morphology and foraging niche was evaluated searching for evidence of natural selection, by sampling blood in southwest Europe during the winter (when target subspecies co-occur) and performing stable isotope analyses (carbon and nitrogen).
As predicted, migratory subspecies were smaller and had longer and more pointed wings. Unexpectedly, their tail was longer, probably due to correlation with wing length. witherbyi, which feed on insects hiding inside reed stems during the winter, had a very thick bill; whereas schoeniclus, which feed on seeds, had thinner bills. Although smaller, lusitanica had thicker and longer bill than schoeniclus. Geometric morphometrics revealed that southern subspecies have a more convex culmen than schoeniclus, and that lusitanica and schoeniclus bills differ more in shape than in linear measurements. The two singing styles under sexual selection (dawn and fast songs, related to obtaining extrapair and social mates, respectively) diverged more than the slow songs (an all-clear signal to nest attending females). Multiple song traits differed between subspecies in all styles, with intermediate values for lusitanica. Cluster analyses of populations indicate that sexually selected styles better discriminate subspecies, describing a major split in song features between schoeniclus and the resident subspecies. It was found that witherbyi, and to some extent lusitanica, males largely ignored schoeniclus songs. However, witherbyi reacted less strongly to lusitanica than the converse. In contrast, schoeniclus males reacted equally strongly to all subspecies. schoeniclus showed a broader isotopic niche than southern subspecies, which seemed similar despite witherbyi more divergent bill. Stable isotope ratios were consistent with resident subspecies feeding on C3-plant-feeding insects, whereas schoeniclus diet also included C4 plant material.

Subspecies differing in several traits as theoretically predicted indicate local adaptation through natural selection. Greater song divergence in fast and dawn styles implies that sexual selection is important in this evolutionary process. Differential territorial defense provides evidence of premating reproductive isolation, and discrimination by southern subspecies seems associated with local adaptation. Recognition pattern agrees with ecological rather than neutral divergence, as predicted in ecological speciation processes. Isotopic niche divergence between northern and southern subspecies suggests that bill differentiated by natural selection through competition during winter.

10aacoustic divergence10aasymmetric recognition10abill10abirdsong10aEmberiza schoeniclus10ageometric morphometrics10aisotopic niche10alocal adaptation10amorphologic divergence10aplayback10asinging style10asong discrimination10aspeciation10asubspecies1 aGordinho, Luís, de Oliveir uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/content/divergent-selection-and-reproductive-isolation-empirical-study-reed-buntings01979nas a2200205 4500008004100000245015500041210006900196520123200265653002701497653001801524653001901542653001001561653001801571100002501589700002901614700002401643700001901667700002101686856006601707 2020 eng d00aAcoustically advertising male harbour seals in southeast Alaska do not make biologically relevant acoustic adjustments in the presence of vessel noise0 aAcoustically advertising male harbour seals in southeast Alaska 3 a

Aquatically breeding harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) males use underwater vocalizations during the breeding season to establish underwater territories, defend territories against intruder males, and possibly to attract females. Vessel noise overlaps in frequency with these vocalizations and could negatively impact breeding success by limiting communication space. In this study, we investigated whether harbour seals employed anti-masking strategies to maintain communication in the presence of vessel noise in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska. Harbour seals in this location did not sufficiently adjust source levels or acoustic parameters of vocalizations to compensate for acoustic masking. Instead, for every 1 dB increase in ambient noise, signal excess decreased by 0.84 dB, indicating a reduction in communication space when vessels passed. We suggest that harbour seals may already be acoustically advertising at or near a biologically maximal sound level and therefore lack the ability to increase call amplitude to adjust to changes in their acoustic environment. This may have significant implications for this aquatically breeding pinniped, particularly for populations in high noise regions.

10aacoustic communication10aharbour seals10amarine mammals10aNoise10avocalizations1 aMatthews, Leanna, P.1 aFournet, Michelle, E. H.1 aGabriele, Christine1 aKlinck, Holger1 aParks, Susan, E. uhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2019.079502276nas a2200241 4500008004100000245023300041210006900274520123300343653001201576653001701588653001601605653001501621653001301636653001101649100002601660700002201686700002801708700003001736700002801766700003001794700002701824856018301851 2020 eng d00aGryllotalpa weisei Simeu-Noutchom & Kekeunou sp. nov. and the first record of Gryllotalpa microptera (Chopard 1939) (Orthoptera, Gryllotalpidae) from Cameroon with redescription of the species0 aemGryllotalpaem emweiseiem SimeuNoutchom Kekeunou sp nov and the3 a

Gryllotalpa weisei Simeu-Noutchom & Kekeunou sp. nov. was collected only in Tombel in the South-West region of Cameroon, during a survey conducted from March 2016 to March 2018 in the West, South-West and Centre regions of Cameroon. This species is close to Gryllotalpa microptera, collected for the first time in Cameroon during these investigations, only in the West region. G. weisei is different from G. microptera due to the hind wings that are vestigial; average fore wings length of 5.85±0.56 mm in male and 5.34±0.45 mm in female, not reaching the fifth abdominal segment; anal end of fore wings slightly concave; a stridulatory file with 54±8.02 teeth (47–71) in average, fairly spaced, with an average of 30±5.06 teeth per millimeter; hind tibia bearing 11 spines; internal process of ectophallus quite short. G. weisei abounds in mixed crop fields, followed by cocoa agro-forests; it is scarce in grassy fallows and in forest undergrowth. G. microptera was present in all types of vegetations in Bafoussam, Babeté and Bangoulap in the West region where it has been abundant in mixed crop fields, grass-fallow and coffee agro-forest but rare in forest undergrowth.

10aecology10aMole cricket10anew species10aOrthoptera10ataxonomy10aTombel1 aSIMEU-NOUTCHOM, ALAIN1 aKEKEUNOU, SEVILOR1 aWANDJI, ALAIN, CHRISTEL1 aNZIKE, MARCELLE, MBADJOUN1 aNGOUTE, CHARLY, OUMAROU1 aMESSI, NADEGE, BRIGITTE M1 aTAMESSE, JOSEPH, LEBEL uhttps://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4763.1https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4763.1.5https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/viewFile/61010/6062902257nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126520181300195100002402008700002502032700002502057856005302082 2020 eng d00aComparison of methods for rhythm analysis of complex animals’ acoustic signals0 aComparison of methods for rhythm analysis of complex animals aco3 a

Analyzing the rhythm of animals’ acoustic signals is of interest to a growing number of researchers: evolutionary biologists want to disentangle how these structures evolved and what patterns can be found, and ecologists and conservation biologists aim to discriminate cryptic species on the basis of parameters of acoustic signals such as temporal structures. Temporal structures are also relevant for research on vocal production learning, a part of which is for the animal to learn a temporal structure. These structures, in other words, these rhythms, are the topic of this paper. How can they be investigated in a meaningful, comparable and universal way? Several approaches exist. Here we used five methods to compare their suitability and interpretability for different questions and datasets and test how they support the reproducibility of results and bypass biases. Three very different datasets with regards to recording situation, length and context were analyzed: two social vocalizations of Neotropical bats (multisyllabic, medium long isolation calls of Saccopteryx bilineata, and monosyllabic, very short isolation calls of Carollia perspicillata) and click trains of sperm whales, Physeter macrocephalus. Techniques to be compared included Fourier analysis with a newly developed goodness-of-fit value, a generate-and-test approach where data was overlaid with varying artificial beats, and the analysis of inter-onset-intervals and calculations of a normalized Pairwise Variability Index (nPVI). We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the methods and we also show suggestions on how to best visualize rhythm analysis results. Furthermore, we developed a decision tree that will enable researchers to select a suitable and comparable method on the basis of their data.

1 aBurchardt, Lara, S.1 aKnörnschild, Mirjam1 aGershman, Samuel, J. uhttps://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.100775501797nas a2200169 4500008004100000245013000041210006900171520111900240653001701359653002201376653001801398653001801416653001701434100001801451700002201469856013601491 2020 eng d00aThe call of the squeak beetle: bioacoustics of Hygrobia hermanni (Fabricius, 1775) revisited (Coleoptera: Hygrobiidae)0 acall of the squeak beetle bioacoustics of iHygrobia hermannii Fa3 a

Hygrobiidae, or squeak beetles, originated in the Triassic-Jurassic and exhibit a relictual distribution in the Palaearctic, Oriental and Australasian regions. Hygrobiids are well known for their sound-producing abilities, although studies of their bioacoustics remain limited. Here we describe sound producing organs and bioacoustics of the Palaearctic Hygrobia hermanni (Fabricius, 1775). Plectra and pars stridens were examined in both sexes, and sound characteristics analysed. Despite small differences between male and female last abdominal ventrites, plectra were identical. Pars stridens, however, differed subtly, tooth ridges being wider in females. Calls of both sexes were harmonic, with peak frequency at 6.1 kHz, and secondary peak at 10.9 kHz; males exhibiting longer inter-chirp intervals. Calls changed with time in the laboratory, this possibly condition-related effect being more apparent in males. The differences found between sexes suggest that sound production in squeak beetles may function in intraspecific communication, in addition to being an antipredator device.

10abioacoustics10aHygrobia hermanni10apars stridens10asqueak beetle10astridulation1 aBlair, Jordan1 aBilton, David, T. uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01650424.2020.1726963https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01650424.2020.172696302183nas a2200241 4500008004100000245013800041210006900179260001600248300000800264490000700272520126500279653002101544653002601565653003401591100001301625700001501638700001501653700001801668700001401686700001901700700001901719856020301738 2020 eng d00aAssociation between Acoustic Signals and Body Color Dimorphism in a Katydid Gampsocleis sedakovii obscura (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)0 aAssociation between Acoustic Signals and Body Color Dimorphism i cJan-04-2020 a1990 v553 a

Body color dimorphism is a common phenomenon in a wide range of insect taxa. In Gampsocleis sedakovii obscura (Walker), the two morphs are green and brown. In order to explore the variation within the same species with different body color phenotypes, morphology, genetics, and male calling songs were compared within Gampsocleis from Inner Mongolia, China. Recordings of the male calling songs were compared based on the acoustic variables including pulse duration, pulse interval, dominant frequency, highest frequency, and lowest frequency. This analysis was combined with sequencing of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and cytochrome c oxidase subunit II and examination of morphological traits to perform cluster analyses. The morphological and the mitochondrial genetic analyses revealed no differences between green and brown morphs, but the acoustic analysis showed completely different male calling between the morphs, thus suggesting that there is a connection between acoustic signals and body color dimorphism in G. s. obscura. These findings also revealed that the acoustic variation with body color dimorphism could provide evidence for insect acoustic signal divergence and the process of subspeciation, even speciation.

10aacoustic signals10abody color dimorphism10aGampsocleis sedakovii obscura1 aChen, Qi1 aZhang, Xue1 aLi, Jiaxin1 aZhou, Haifeng1 aWen, Ming1 aWang, Yinliang1 aRen, Bingzhong uhttps://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-entomological-science/volume-55/issue-2/0749-8004-55.2.199/Association-between-Acoustic-Signals-and-Body-Color-Dimorphism-in-a/10.18474/0749-8004-55.2.199.full02721nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001300041245007800054210006900132260001600201300001100217490000800228520209100236100002002327700002002347700002502367700002302392700001602415700001702431856006702448 2020 eng d a0044848600aAcoustic activity of Litopenaeus vannamei fed pelleted and extruded diets0 aAcoustic activity of Litopenaeus vannamei fed pelleted and extru cJan-08-2020 a7353070 v5253 a

Passive acoustics monitoring (PAM) is an exceptional tool to analyze the feeding behavior of shrimp, as they emit a “click” sound by the mandibular occlusion. Hence, acoustic demand-feeding systems based on the click signals energy have been applied to improve feeding management in shrimp farming. These acoustic signals may be affected by the texture properties of the foods pellets, which are modified by the manufacturing process. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acoustic activity of Litopenaeus vannamei fed pelleted and extruded diets. Two commercial diets were used, manufactured by extrusion and pelleting processing with similar formulation (36% crude protein) and pellet diameter. Acoustic evaluation was performed with these diets offered “as is” dry and previously soaked in water for one and two hours in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. The pellet hardness and moisture content were also measured. The acoustic trial was performed using omnidirectional hydrophones inside acoustic foam anechoic chambers. Three fastened shrimp (10 g) were placed inside acoustic chambers and audio recordings started (30 min) when food (0.5 g) was offered. The texture of diets was closely related to the acoustic intensity (Root Mean Square Amplitude - RMS) produced by L. vannamei during the feeding activity. The greater hardness of the extruded diet resulted in higher RMS than pelleted food when offered dry, which could be an advantage for the sound detection of feeding activity. The lower RMS observed when both diets were soaked suggests that softer texture pellets can be eventually ingested without the need of mandibles occlusion, and consequently without clicking sound emission. Additionally, unusual clicks train signals were first reported when shrimp fed soaked diets, probably due to mandibles rubbing. The relationship between textural properties and acoustical responses of foods should gain more attention, especially considering the potential applications on automatic acoustic feedback systems in shrimp farming.

1 aPeixoto, Silvio1 aSoares, Roberta1 aSilva, José, Filipe1 aHamilton, Santiago1 aMorey, Amit1 aDavis, Allen uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S004484862030626802831nas a2200229 4500008004100000245014500041210006900186520200300255653002302258653002402281653001502305653002602320653002502346653002902371653000802400653001702408100002102425700002902446700002002475700002102495856008502516 2020 eng d00aUltrasonic vocalizations in house mice depend upon genetic relatedness of mating partners and correlate with subsequent reproductive success0 aUltrasonic vocalizations in house mice depend upon genetic relat3 a

Background
Courtship vocalizations are used by males of many species to attract and influence the behavior of potential mating partners. Our aim here was to investigate the modulation and reproductive consequences of courtship ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in wild-derived house mice (Mus musculus musculus). The courtship USVs of male mice are surprisingly complex and are composed of a variety of different syllable types. Our specific aims were to test whether (1) the emission of courtship USVs depends upon the kinship of a potential mating partner, and (2) whether USV emission during courtship affects the pairs’ subsequent reproductive success.

Results
We experimentally presented males with an unfamiliar female that was either genetically related or unrelated, and we recorded USV emission, first while the sexes were separated by a perforated partition and then during direct interactions, after removing the partition. USVs were detected by the Automatic Mouse Ultrasound Detector (A-MUD) and manually classified into 15 syllable types. The mice were kept together to test whether and how courtship vocalizations predict their subsequent reproductive success. We found that the mice significantly increased their amount of vocalizations (vocal performance) and number of syllable types (vocal repertoire) after the partition was removed and they began interacting directly. We show that unrelated pairs emitted longer and more complex USVs compared to related pairs during direct interactions. Unrelated pairs also had a greater reproductive success compared to related pairs, and in addition we found a negative correlation between the mean length and amount of vocalizations with the latency to their first litter.

Conclusion
Our study provides evidence that house mice modulate the emission of courtship USVs depending upon the kinship of potential mating partners, and that courtship USVs correlate with reproductive success.

10aAdaptive functions10aGenetic relatedness10aHouse mice10aMus musculus musculus10areproductive success10aUltrasonic vocalizations10aUSV10aWild derived1 aNicolakis, Doris1 aMarconi, Maria, Adelaide1 aZala, Sarah, M.1 aPenn, Dustin, J. uhttps://frontiersinzoology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12983-020-00353-102298nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001300041245009500054210006900149260001600218300001100234490000800245520154100253653002501794653001301819653002901832653002001861653001601881100002401897700001801921700002801939700002201967856006701989 2020 eng d a0003682X00aA two-stage approach to automatically detect and classify woodpecker (Fam. Picidae) sounds0 atwostage approach to automatically detect and classify woodpecke cJan-09-2020 a1073120 v1663 a

Inventorying and monitoring which bird species inhabit a specific area give rich and reliable information regarding its conservation status and other meaningful biological parameters. Typically, this surveying process is carried out manually by ornithologists and birdwatchers who spend long periods of time in the areas of interest trying to identify which species occur. Such methodology is based on the experts’ own knowledge, experience, visualization and hearing skills, which results in an expensive, subjective and error prone process. The purpose of this paper is to present a computing friendly system able to automatically detect and classify woodpecker acoustic signals from a real-world environment. More specifically, the proposed architecture features a two-stage Learning Classifier System that uses (1) Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients and Zero Crossing Rate to detect bird sounds over environmental noise, and (2) Linear Predictive Cepstral Coefficients, Perceptual Linear Predictive Coefficients and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients to identify the bird species and sound type (i.e., vocal sounds such as advertising calls, excitement calls, call notes and drumming events) associated to that bird sound. Conducted experiments over a data set of the known woodpeckers species belonging to the Picidae family that live in the Iberian peninsula have resulted in an overall accuracy of 94,02%, which endorses the feasibility of this proposal and encourage practitioners to work toward this direction.

10aAudio classification10abirdsong10aBirdsound classification10aevent detection10aWoodpeckers1 aVidaña-Vila, Ester1 aNavarro, Joan1 aAlsina-Pagès, Rosa, Ma1 aRamírez, Álvaro uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003682X1930508002184nas a2200181 4500008004100000245009100041210006900132520157400201653002501775653002501800653001301825653002201838653001401860653002401874100002501898700002401923856005501947 2020 eng d00aSong-type switching rate in the chaffinch carries a message during simulated intrusion0 aSongtype switching rate in the chaffinch carries a message durin3 a

Birds communicate their motivation and willingness to escalate a territorial conflict with a variety of agonistic signals. One of these, song-type switching, has been suggested to be a conventional signal in male–male interactions. However, this behavior does not show a consistent pattern across species. In this study, we asked whether variation in song-switching rate carries a message for song receivers among territorial chaffinches, Fringilla coelebs. Chaffinch song is well described, but only a few studies have focused on the communicative function of song-type switching or bout duration. Using data from playback experiments, we show here that variation in song-type switching rate affects the response of chaffinches. In response to the low switching rate treatment, territorial males began to sing later, produced fewer songs and more rain calls, decreased flight intensity, and spent more time close to the speaker than during playback of songs with a high switching rate. Our results provide strong evidence that the song-type switching rate is an agonistic signal in the chaffinch and that territorial males exhibit a stronger response toward rivals that sing with a lower song-type switching rate. A secondary purpose of our study was to determine the receivers’ response with respect to their own song rate and song repertoire. We found that the reaction of tested males was correlated with their own spontaneous song rate. This implies that a male’s response to stimuli may be predicted on the basis of his own song output.

10aAggressive signaling10aanimal communication10abirdsong10aFringilla coelebs10asong rate10aSong-type switching1 aDeoniziak, Krzysztof1 aOsiejuk, Tomasz, S. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00265-020-2825-201307nas a2200229 4500008004100000245009400041210006900135520054700204653001700751653001400768653001000782653001100792653001400803653002100817653002000838100001700858700001900875700002400894700002300918700002200941856011400963 2020 eng d00aFirst data on Cicadas of Kefalonia, Greece (Hemiptera: Cicadidae), including bioacoustics0 aFirst data on Cicadas of Kefalonia Greece Hemiptera Cicadidae in3 a

No cicada records for the Greek Ion- ian island of Kefalonia existed so far. The fauna of singing cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Kefalonia island (Cephalonia) has been investigated on the field excursions in 2010, 2016 and 2018 with classic and bioacoustic methods, using recording equipment for sonic range and ultrasonic detectors. We discovered 5 species: Lyristes plebejus (Scopoli, 1763), Cicada orni Linnaeus, 1758, Cicadatra atra (Olivier, 1790), Dimis- salna dimissa (Hagen, 1856), and Tettigettula pygmea (Olivier, 1790).

10abioacoustics10aCicadidae10afauna10aGreece10aHemiptera10aKefalonia Island10asinging cicadas1 aTrilar, Tomi1 aGogala, Matija1 aGraziani, Francesca1 aCeccolini, Filippo1 aCianferoni, Fabio uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/content/first-data-cicadas-kefalonia-greece-hemiptera-cicadidae-including-bioacoustics01982nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008100041210006900122520155700191100002101748700002701769700002201796856004201818 2020 eng d00aHistological Development and Integration of the Zebrafish Weberian Apparatus0 aHistological Development and Integration of the Zebrafish Weberi3 a

Background

The Weberian apparatus enhances hearing in otophysan fishes, including zebrafish (Danio rerio). Several studies have examined aspects of morphological development of the Weberian apparatus and hearing ability in zebrafish. A comprehensive developmental description including both hard and soft tissues is lacking. This information is critical for both interpretation of genetic developmental analyses and to better understand the role of morphogenesis and integration on changes in hearing ability.

Results

Histological development of hard and soft tissues of the Weberian apparatus, including ossicles, ear, swim bladder, and ligaments are described from early larval stages (3.8 mm NL) through adult. Results show a strong relationship in developmental timing and maturation across all regions. All required auditory elements are present and morphologically integrated early, by 6.5 mm SL. Dynamic ossification patterns and changes in shape continue throughout the examined developmental period.

Conclusion

This study provides the first comprehensive histological description of Weberian apparatus development in zebrafish. Morphological integration was found early, before increases in hearing ability were detected in functional studies (>10 mm TL), suggesting morphological integration precedes functional integration. Further research is needed to examine the nature of the functional delay, and how maturation of the Weberian apparatus influences functionality.

1 aBird, Nathan, C.1 aRichardson, Selena, S.1 aAbels, Jeremy, R. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/dvdy.17202181nas a2200217 4500008004100000245016400041210006900205520132700274653001701601653001701618653004001635653002001675653001801695653001301713100001701726700002001743700001901763700002101782700002401803856013601827 2020 eng d00aDung beetle distress signals may be correlated with sex and male morph: a case study on Copris lunaris (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Coprini)0 aDung beetle distress signals may be correlated with sex and male3 a

Insect sounds are predominantly produced by stridulations, where specialised body parts contact repeatedly to induce acoustic pulse trains. We studied the stridulatory organ and sound emissions in Copris lunaris, by focussing separately on females, and on major and minor males. Results highlighted an isometric growth of pars stridens in response to body size, and identified a wing-pygidium locking structure that assists sound emission. Sex-specific acoustic differences of some degree were detected between major males and females, as sounds emitted by majors showed higher frequencies and shorter pulses with elevated impulse rates. This cannot be immediately explained by size differences in the components of stridulatory apparatus. Rather, divergence might be an indicator of some underlying behavioural difference in response to distressing events. In minor males, acoustic properties overlapped with both females and major males, although incomplete stridulations had a lower ratio in minor than major males. This paper provides the very first perspective of the potential role of sex and male polymorphism on sound production. However, future categorisations of sounds coupled to behavioural observations of specific interactions are needed to reveal the function of sex and morph-specific differences.

10abioacoustics10adung beetles10aelytro-abdominal stridulatory organ10amale dimorphism10apars stridens10aplectrum1 aKerman, Kaan1 aRoggero, Angela1 aPiccini, Irene1 aRolando, Antonio1 aPalestrini, Claudia uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09524622.2019.1710255https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09524622.2019.171025501716nas a2200169 4500008004100000245017000041210006900211520106600280653001701346653001701363653002101380653001301401653001901414653001601433100003101449856006601480 2020 eng d00aTainacanthus ferox, a remarkable new genus and species of katydids from the high mountains of Hispaniola (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae: Polyancistrini)0 aTainacanthus ferox a remarkable new genus and species of katydid3 a

The new genus and species of Polyancistrini katydids Tainacanthus ferox gen. nov., sp. nov. is described from specimens collected in the highest mountains of the Dominican Republic, island of Hispaniola. This is the third genus of Polyancistrini known from Hispaniola and the seventh genus of the tribe. Tainacanthus is distinctive due to the unique architecture of its pronotum, which is a large and bulbous shield with an extended metazona that covers and protects the stridulatory apparatus surrounded by a relatively small number of large and sharp spines. Additionally, all legs are armed with larger and more robust spines than those of Polyancistrus Audinet-Serville, 1831, its most likely closest relative. Tainacanthus inhabits the highest mountains of the Dominican Cordillera Central at over 2,400 m above sea level, living among hard-leaf evergreen vegetation interspersed with pine forests. The type locality is included within the Armando Bermúdez National Park, one of the most important protected areas in the Dominican Republic.

10abiodiversity10adistribution10aGreater Antilles10ataxonomy10aTettigonioidea10aWest Indies1 aPerez-Gelabert, Daniel, E. uhttp://novitatescaribaea.do/index.php/novitates/issue/view/1802634nas a2200241 4500008004100000245012300041210006900164520179300233653001702026653002002043653004702063653001702110653002302127653003602150653002702186653001402213100002902227700002102256700001902277700002202296700002002318856005402338 2020 eng d00aCan singing rate be used to predict male breeding status of forest songbirds? A comparison of three calibration models0 aCan singing rate be used to predict male breeding status of fore3 a

For male songbirds, song rate varies throughout the breeding season and is correlated with breeding cycle stages. Although these patterns have been well documented, this relationship has not been used to predict a bird’s breeding status from acoustic monitoring. This challenge of using a response (i.e., behavior) to indirectly measure an underlying biological state is common in ecology, but correctly address- ing the associated statistical challenge of calibration is rare. The objective of this study was to determine whether variation in song rate can be used to predict the breeding status of the Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi). In 2016, song rates from 28 male Olive-sided Flycatchers were collected from human observers (n = 545 five-minute counts) and breeding status (i.e., single, paired, and feeding young) was monitored throughout the breeding season. The predictive ability of three modeling approaches—regres- sion, hierarchical, and a classification tree—was evaluated using sensitivity and specificity to determine the best modeling approach. The hierarchical model was the best at predicting all three breeding status classes, with a mean sensitivity of 69%, compared with 54% and 50% from the regression and machine learning models, respectively. Our results suggest that song rate can be used as an indirect measurement of breeding status in the Olive-sided Flycatcher when using a hierarchical modeling approach to calibrate the breeding status–song rate relationship. This novel modeling approach provides a cost-effective tool to collect much needed demographic information over large spatial extents and inform species status assess- ments, recovery strategies, and management plans for species of conservation concern.

10abioacoustics10abreeding status10aclassification and regression trees (CART)10aforest birds10ahierarchical model10amultinomial logistic regression10aOlive-sided Flycatcher10asong rate1 aUpham‐Mills, Emily, J.1 aReimer, Jody, R.1 aHaché, Samuel1 aLele, Subhash, R.1 aBayne, Erin, M. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/21508925/11/102330nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126520175500195653001201950653001601962653001401978653002301992653002802015100001702043700001502060700001702075856005602092 2020 eng d00aSocial context increases ultrasonic vocalizations during restraint in adult mice0 aSocial context increases ultrasonic vocalizations during restrai3 a

Adult mice emit many ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) during social interaction tasks, but only a few studies have yet reported USVs in stressed adult mice. Our aim was to study which experimental conditions favor USV emission during behaviors associated with different emotional states. As USVs likely mediate social communication, we hypothesized that temporary social isolation followed by exposure to a novel social congener would promote USV emission. USVs were recorded in three different behavioral paradigms: restraint, free moving in a new environment, and during a social interaction task. We compared USV emission, with or without the presence of a social congener, in animals socially isolated during different periods (0, 6 or 21 days). Social isolation decreased the number of USVs during free moving, whereas it increased during restraint. During the social interaction task, animals produced high-frequency USVs (median: 72.6 kHz, 25–75% range: 67.6–78.2 kHz), especially when the social partner was active and social motivation was high. During restraint, presence of a social congener increased the call rate of low-frequency USVs (median: 52.4 kHz, 25–75% range: 44.8–56.5 kHz). USV frequency followed two unimodal distributions that distinguished low-frequency USVs (≤ 60 kHz) mainly emitted during free-moving (90.9% of total USVs) and restraint (93.1%) conditions, from high-frequency USVs (> 60 kHz) mainly emitted during the social interaction task (85.1% of total USVs). The present study confirms that USV call rate and frequency depend on behavioral states, and provides evidence that the presence of a congener promotes ultrasonic vocalizations in restrained adult mice.

10aArousal10aFree moving10aRestraint10aSocial interaction10aultrasonic vocalization1 aLefebvre, E.1 aGranon, S.1 aChauveau, F. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10071-019-01338-202361nas a2200181 4500008004100000245011800041210006900159520167900228653002001907653002501927653001601952653001901968653002301987100001602010700001902026700002102045856011302066 2020 eng d00aPhonotactic steering and representation of directional information in the ascending auditory pathway of a cricket0 aPhonotactic steering and representation of directional informati3 a

Directional hearing is crucial for animals depending on acoustic signals to locate a mate. We focused on crickets to explore the reliability of directional information forwarded to the brain by the ascending auditory interneuron AN1, which is crucial for phonotactic behavior. We presented calling song from -45° to +45° in steps of 3°, and compared the phonotactic steering of females walking on a trackball with the directional responses of AN1. 40% of females showed good steering behavior and changed their walking direction when the speaker passed the body´s longitudinal axis. The bilateral latency difference between right and left AN1 responses was small and may not be reliable for auditory steering. In respect to spike count, all AN1 recordings presented significant bilateral differences for angles larger than ±18°, yet 35% showed a mean significant difference of 1-3 AP/Chirp when the frontal stimulus deviated by 3° from their length axis. For small angles some females had a very similar AN1 activity forwarded to the brain, but the accuracy of their steering behavior was substantially different. Our results indicate a correlation between directional steering and the response strength of AN1, especially for large angles. The reliable steering of animals at small angles would have to be based on small bilateral differences of AN1 activity, if AN1 is the only source providing directional information. We discuss if such bilateral response difference at small angles can provide a reliable measure to generate auditory steering commands descending from the brain, as pattern recognition is intensity independent.

10aAN1 interneuron10abinaural differences10areliability10aspike response10asurface electrodes1 aLv, Mingyue1 aZhang, Xinyang1 aHedwig, Berthold uhttps://www.physiology.org/doi/10.1152/jn.00737.2019https://www.physiology.org/doi/pdf/10.1152/jn.00737.201901239nas a2200169 4500008004100000245012000041210006900161520059500230653001200825653001400837653002500851653001600876653001600892653001800908100001700926856012600943 2020 eng d00aFirst natural history observations of the canyon pygmy mole cricket, Ellipes monticolus (Orthoptera: Tridactylidae)0 aFirst natural history observations of the canyon pygmy mole cric3 a

The first live photos of the canyon pygmy mole cricket, Ellipes monticolus Günther, are presented, with preliminary observations on the habitat and behavior of populations in the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona. The species was previously known solely from the original description in 1977, which included only drawings of the structure of the genitalia and almost no natural history information. This paper provides the first look at this species’ biology and provides a framework for future studies on Tridactylidae of the southwestern United States.

10aArizona10aCaelifera10aChiricahua Mountains10aphotographs10aSky Islands10aTridactylinae1 aWoo, Brandon uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/content/first-natural-history-observations-canyon-pygmy-mole-cricket-ellipes-monticolus-orthoptera02442nas a2200181 4500008004100000245012800041210006900169520183000238653001302068653001802081653001502099653001602114653001202130100001402142700002002156700002802176856005602204 2020 eng d00aThe Vocal Repertoire of Golden-Faced Sakis, Pithecia chrysocephala, and the Relationship Between Context and Call Structure0 aVocal Repertoire of GoldenFaced Sakis Pithecia chrysocephala and3 a

Vocalizations are a vital form of communication. Call structure and use may change depending on emotional arousal, behavioral context, sex, or social complexity. Pithecia chrysocephala (golden-faced sakis) are a little-studied Neotropical species. We aimed to determine the vocal repertoire of P. chrysocephala and the influence of context on call structure. We collected data June–August 2018 in an urban secondary forest fragment in Manaus, Amazonian Brazil. We took continuous vocal recordings in 10-min blocks with 5-min breaks during daily follows of two groups. We recorded scan samples of group behavior at the start and end of blocks and used ad libitum behavioral recording during blocks. We collected 70 h of data and analyzed 1500 calls. Lowest frequencies ranged 690.1–5879 Hz in adults/subadults and 5393.6–9497.8Hz in the only juvenile sampled. We identified eight calls, three of which were juvenile specific. We found that, while repertoire size was similar to that of other New World monkeys of similar group size and structure, it also resembled those with larger group sizes and different social structures. The durations of Chuck calls were shorter for feeding contexts compared to hostile, but frequencies were higher than predicted if call structure reflects motivation. This finding may be due to the higher arousal involved in hostile situations, or because P. chrysocephala use Chuck calls in appeasement, similar to behavior seen in other primates. Call structures did not differ between sexes, potentially linked to the limited size dimorphism in this species. Our findings provide a foundation for further investigation of Pithecia vocal behavior and phylogeny, as well as applications for both captive welfare (stress relief) and field research (playbacks for surveys).

10aBehavior10acommunication10aNeotropics10aPitheciidae10aWelfare1 aMuir, Jen1 aBarnett, Adrian1 aSvensson, Magdalena, S. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10764-019-00125-702151nas a2200145 4500008004100000245008800041210007000129520163300199100002301832700001801855700002001873700002001893700002501913856006701938 2020 eng d00aDolphin whistle repertoires around São Miguel (Azores): Are you common or spotted?0 aDolphin whistle repertoires around São Miguel Azores Are you com3 a

Short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) and Atlantic spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis) are both common in the Azores archipelago during summer. Because both species are sympatric, at least in part of their range, they may use acoustic features to recognize conspecifics and maintain school cohesion throughout their different activities. Delphinid whistles were recorded with a 96-kHz sampling rate using towed hydrophone system during surveys held in summer of 2013 and 2014 around São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal). A total of 256 whistles attributed to either short-beaked common dolphin (n = 133) or Atlantic spotted dolphin (n = 123) were selected and processed with a contour extraction software. Elementary statistical analysis showed that duration, frequency and slope variables were significantly different for both species, although in most cases their range overlapped. We performed a discriminant analysis to test species classification: the dataset was randomly split into one calibration subset (186 whistles) and one validation subset (70 whistles). The discriminant analysis retained four variables (global slope, duration, minimal and final frequencies) as useful for classification. The discriminant function resulted in correct classification rates of 78.5% (calibration subset) and 81.4% (validation subset). Common dolphin whistles were better classified than Atlantic spotted dolphin whistles (83.4% and 74.8%) respectively. This study shows that reliable species identification can be achieved for common and spotted dolphins using their whistle repertoire characteristics.

1 aGannier, Alexandre1 aFuchs, Sandra1 aGannier, Adrien1 aFernandez, Marc1 aAzevedo, José, M.N. uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003682X1630539402256nas a2200169 4500008004100000245021200041210006900253520154500322653001701867653003401884653001201918653003001930100002001960700002601980700002502006856005502031 2020 eng d00aAre terrestrial isopods able to use stridulation and vibrational communication as forms of intra and interspecific signaling and defense strategies as insects do? A preliminary study in Armadillo officinalis0 aAre terrestrial isopods able to use stridulation and vibrational3 a

The capability of producing sounds and vibrations is well known in insects and is thought to be a form of intra- and interspecific communication. Sounds and vibrations are used and modulated for several aims such as interacting with conspecifics, getting information from the environment, and defending against predators. This phenomenon is less known but also present in other arthropods, including a few roller-type terrestrial isopods. In this study, we used a Y-shape test apparatus to investigate the behavior of adult individuals of Armadillo officinalis Duméril, 1816 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) when exposed to two particular vibrational stimuli, namely species-specific stridulations and non-specific substrate-borne vibrations. Our results showed that adults of A. officinalis significantly react to the presence of both types of vibrational stimuli, by moving away from the vibrational source as if they experienced these vibrations as a sign of danger or disturbance. A. officinalis can produce stridulations only when it rolls into a ball during the so-called conglobation, a possible defense mechanism against predators. Stridulation might thus be a secondary form of defense used during conglobation to deter a predator following contact with it and might be experienced as an alert by conspecifics nearby. The high sensitivity to non-specific substrate-borne vibrations might provide A. officinalis with the possibility to anticipate dangers and adverse conditions, giving it a better chance of survival.

10abiotremology10aCrustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea10ainsects10avibrational communication1 aCividini, Sofia1 aSfenthourakis, Spyros1 aMontesanto, Giuseppe uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00114-019-1656-302987nas a2200229 4500008004100000245013700041210006900178520218000247653001902427653001702446653001502463653001902478653002602497653003202523100002402555700002802579700002002607700001502627700002002642700002802662856006702690 2020 eng d00aEcological indices in long-term acoustic bat surveys for assessing and monitoring bats' responses to climatic and land-cover changes0 aEcological indices in longterm acoustic bat surveys for assessin3 a

Bats are well known for playing an important role in several ecosystem services such as arthropod population control, insect pest suppression in agricultural systems and vector disease control, but also for acting as ecological indicators. Their population dynamics are strongly linked to environmental variations and, in some cases, reflect the health status of ecosystems. Hence, some species have an excellent potential as ecological indicators due to their sensitivity to ecosystem changes. Despite the general decrease of many bat populations worldwide and the recent upsurge in the use of autonomous acoustic detectors, the acoustic monitoring of bat assemblages is still an emerging field in bat research and conservation. Probably due to a general lack of methodological standards and the lack of common ecological indices, few long-term bat acoustic monitoring programs are currently active and data is rarely shared and compared between regions. In this study we propose and adapt a set of different ecological indices that can be used in acoustic surveys designed to detect changes in bat diversity, activity and assemblage composition, all of which can be linked to species’ climatic and habitat-related preferences. Using a dataset collected during three years of bat monitoring in Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula), we used three traditional indices (richness, activity and Shannon diversity) and developed four new ecological indices (Community Thermal Index, Community Precipitation Index, Community Openness Index and Community Specialization Index) that enabled us to study bat communities and compare them at different spatial and temporal scales. Here, we demonstrate the applicability of these indices in bat monitoring programs. We also provide a consistent tool for generating easy-to-interpret ecological indices when monitoring the short- and long-term responses of bats under the current scenario of global change. Using standardized protocols and robust ecological indices enables studies and datasets to be compared, which in turn promotes the development of proper management and conservation measures via international cooperation.

10aBat monitoring10abioacoustics10aChiroptera10aClimate change10aEcological indicators10apassive acoustic monitoring1 aTuneu-Corral, Carme1 aPuig-Montserrat, Xavier1 aFlaquer, Carles1 aMas, Maria1 aBudinski, Ivana1 aLópez-Baucells, Adrià uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1470160X1930843X01735nas a2200205 4500008004100000245011900041210006900160520102900229653002001258653002801278653001901306653001401325653002301339100002401362700002101386700002101407700002601428700002001454856005501474 2020 eng d00aCalling rhythm as a predictor of the outcome of vocal interactions: flight departure in pale-winged starling pairs0 aCalling rhythm as a predictor of the outcome of vocal interactio3 a

Vocal communication plays an important role in the regulation of social interactions and the coordination of activities in many animal species. Synchrony is an essential part of the establishment and maintenance of pair bonds, but few reports have investigated decision-making at the pair level. We investigated temporal characteristics of call exchanges in pale-winged starlings (Onychognathus nabouroup) that could predict whether one, two, or neither members of a pair would take off. Our analysis of these interactions revealed that the overall rhythm of a call exchange, as well as the acceleration towards the end of an interaction, were significantly associated with the type of behavioural outcome. Faster rhythms were associated with higher probabilities that both birds would fly away. Our results confirm the findings of previous studies showing that higher rates of alarm calls indicate imminent departure and highlight the relationship between temporal features of vocal interactions and their outcome.

10adecision-making10aOnychognathus nabouroup10aPreflight call10aSturnidae10aVocal interactions1 aHausberger, Martine1 aGiacalone, Aline1 aHarmand, Mariane1 aCraig, Adrian, J.F.K.1 aHenry, Laurence uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00114-019-1658-101990nas a2200193 4500008004100000245006400041210006200105520138800167653001301555653001901568653001401587653002401601653001101625100002301636700002501659700002201684700002401706856006601730 2020 eng d00aSound sequences in birdsong: how much do birds really care?0 aSound sequences in birdsong how much do birds really care3 a

The complex and melodic nature of many birds' songs has raised interest in potential parallels between avian vocal sequences and human speech. The similarities between birdsong and speech in production and learning are well established, but surprisingly little is known about how birds perceive song sequences. One popular laboratory songbird, the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), has recently attracted attention as an avian model for human speech, in part because the male learns to produce the individual elements in its song motif in a fixed sequence. But psychoacoustic evidence shows that adult zebra finches are relatively insensitive to the sequential features of song syllables. Instead, zebra finches and other birds seem to be exquisitely sensitive to the acoustic details of individual syllables to a degree that is beyond human hearing capacity. Based on these findings, we present a finite-state model of zebra finch perception of song syllable sequences and discuss the rich informational capacity of their vocal system. Furthermore, we highlight the abilities of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), a parrot species, to hear sequential features better than zebra finches and suggest that neurophysiological investigations comparing these species could prove fruitful for uncovering neural mechanisms for auditory sequence perception in human speech.

10abirdsong10afine structure10aphonology10asequence perception10asyntax1 aFishbein, Adam, R.1 aIdsardi, William, J.1 aBall, Gregory, F.1 aDooling, Robert, J. uhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2019.004402352nas a2200205 4500008004100000245010300041210006900144520163500213653001901848653002501867653001501892653002701907653001801934100002901952700002101981700002502002700002802027700002402055856006702079 2020 eng d00aWhere has the city choir gone? Loss of the temporal structure of bird dawn choruses in urban areas0 aWhere has the city choir gone Loss of the temporal structure of 3 a

Living in the city represents a great challenge for organisms that are exposed to the novel environmental conditions inherent to urbanization. Recent studies have highlighted the ecological impact that urbanization poses on the acoustic phenotype and singing routines of birds. However, the organization and structure of avian dawn choruses in urban settings remains largely unexplored. In this study, we assessed the temporal structure of avian dawn choruses in an intra-urban area and a peri-urban forest using bipartite network analyses. We predicted a random network structuring of dawn choruses across time at the intra-urban area, while expected a non-random structure (i.e., modular or nested) at the peri-urban forest. While we detected different groups of birds vocalizing together temporarily, following a modular pattern in both studied conditions, only the one from the peri-urban forest showed a sequential temporal structure of dawn choruses. Avian dawn choruses from both intra-urban and peri-urban areas were mainly comprised by phylogenetically unrelated species (i.e., random phylogenetic structure), also exhibiting low overlap on singing frequencies. Our results are in agreement with the temporal partitioning of the acoustic space in the peri-urban forest. Our findings also suggest that the absence of temporally-structured modules of bird dawn choruses at heavily-urbanized areas could be related to the depauperization of the avian community at intra-urban areas as a sequel of ecological filtering, as well as the consequent importance of the dominance of the acoustic space by invasive species.

10aAcoustic space10aEcological filtering10aModularity10aMulti-species choruses10aUrban ecology1 aMarín-Gómez, Oscar, H.1 aDáttilo, Wesley1 aSosa-López, Roberto1 aSantiago-Alarcon, Diego1 aMacGregor-Fors, Ian uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S016920461830532202434nas a2200181 4500008004100000245016000041210006900201520166700270653001901937653001801956653002401974653002501998653002902023653001202052100002502064700002702089856013602116 2020 eng d00aAssociation of medial corticostriatal regions with amphetamine-induced emission of 50 kHz vocalizations as studied by Zif-268 expression in the rat brain0 aAssociation of medial corticostriatal regions with amphetaminein3 a

Behavioural sensitization of locomotion and 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) following repeated amphetamine (AMPH) injections in rats has been extensively demonstrated. These two behaviours appear dissociable in their sensitization patterns and are thought to be reflective of underlying emotional states of the organism. Although AMPH is often used to induce 50 kHz USVs there is little research to date on the extent of cortical and subcortical forebrain region involvement in 50 kHz call production associated with the drug. Nor has general ergometric activity (a measure that in addition to locomotor activity includes all major muscular activity of the body) been investigated in such a framework. The present study sought to address this by performing a minimal sensitization protocol, utilizing only two injections, to investigate expression of the inducible transcription factor Zif-268 (Zif) among brain regions thought to be associated with 50 kHz USV emission. It was found that animals that spent a longer time emitting 50 kHz calls after a second AMPH injection showed statistically significant correlative patterns of Zif expression in medial prefrontal and striatal regions. These associations were not significant in animals that spent a shorter period of time calling after AMPH. There was also no significant correlation between any ergometric activity and time spent calling. The results provide evidence that the medial prefrontal cortices (prelimbic and infralimbic regions) of the rat may be involved with 50 kHz USV emission induced by AMPH in association with medial portions of the ventral and dorsal striatum.

10a50 kHz calls10aD-amphetamine10aErgometric activity10aImmediate early gene10aUltrasonic vocalizations10aZif-2681 aMulvihill, Kevin, G.1 aBrudzynski, Stefan, M. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/content/association-medial-corticostriatal-regions-amphetamine-induced-emission-50%E2%80%AFkhz-vocalizations