02624nas a2200181 4500008004100000245015900041210006900200520194700269100001902216700002002235700003102255700002002286700002502306700001702331700002002348700002102368856005302389 2016 eng d00aOld Lineage on an Old Island: Pixibinthus, a New Cricket Genus Endemic to New Caledonia Shed Light on Gryllid Diversification in a Hotspot of Biodiversity0 aOld Lineage on an Old Island Pixibinthus a New Cricket Genus End3 a

Few studies have focused on the early colonization of New Caledonia by insects, after the re-emergence of the main island, 37 Myr ago. Here we investigate the mode and tempo of evolution of a new endemic cricket genus, Pixibinthus, recently discovered in southern New Caledonia. First we formally describe this new monotypic genus found exclusively in the open shrubby vegetation on metalliferous soils, named ‘maquis minier’, unique to New Caledonia. We then reconstruct a dated molecular phylogeny based on five mitochondrial and four nuclear loci in order to establish relationships of Pixibinthus within Eneopterinae crickets. Pixibinthus is recovered as thesister clade of the endemic genus Agnotecous, mostly rainforest-dwellers. Dating results show that the island colonization by their common ancestor occurred around 34.7 Myr, shortly after New Caledonia re-emergence. Pixibinthus and Agnotecous are then one of the oldest insect lineages documented so far for New Caledonia. This discovery highlights for the first time two clear-cut ecological specializations between sister clades, as Agnotecous is mainly found in rainforests with 19 species, whereas Pixibinthus is found in open habitats with a single documented species. The preference of Pixibinthus for open habitats and of Agnotecous for forest habitats nicely fits an acoustic specialization, either explained by differences in body size or in acoustic properties of their respective habitats. We hypothesize that landscape dynamics, linked to major past climatic events and recent change in fire regimes are possible causes for both present-day low diversity and rarity in genus Pixibinthus. The unique evolutionary history of this old New Caledonian lineage stresses the importance to increase our knowledge on the faunal biodiversity of ‘maquis minier’, in order to better understand the origin and past dynamics of New Caledonian biota.

1 aAnso, Jérémy1 aBarrabé, Laure1 aDesutter-Grandcolas, Laure1 aJourdan, Hervé1 aGrandcolas, Philippe1 aDong, Jiajia1 aROBILLARD, TONY1 aFontaneto, Diego uhttps://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.015092001551nas a2200133 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163520104800232100002301280700001901303700002301322700001901345856005301364 2016 eng d00aNo Effect of Body Size on the Frequency of Calling and Courtship Song in the Two-Spotted Cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus0 aNo Effect of Body Size on the Frequency of Calling and Courtship3 a

The relationship between body size and vocalization parameters has been studied in many animal species. In insect species, however, the effect of body size on song frequency has remained unclear. Here we analyzed the effect of body size on the frequency spectra of mating songs produced by the two-spotted cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. We recorded the calling songs and courtship songs of male crickets of different body sizes. The calling songs contained a frequency component that peaked at 5.7 kHz. On the other hand, courtship songs contained two frequency components that peaked at 5.8 and 14.7 kHz. The dominant frequency of each component in both the calling and courtship songs was constant regard- less of body size. The size of the harp and mirror regions in the cricket forewings, which are the acoustic sources of the songs, correlated positively with body size. These findings sug- gest that the frequency contents of both the calling and courtship songs of the cricket are unaffected by whole body, harp, or mirror size.

1 aMiyashita, Atsushi1 aKizaki, Hayato1 aSekimizu, Kazuhisa1 aKaito, Chikara uhttps://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.014699902436nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245008800055210006900143260001600212300001600228490000800244520157900252653002701831653001901858653002701877653002901904653002001933653002301953100002501976700001902001856018602020 2016 eng d a0022-094900aFunctional relevance of acoustic tracheal design in directional hearing in crickets0 aFunctional relevance of acoustic tracheal design in directional  cMar-10-2017 a3294 - 33000 v2193 a

Internally coupled ears (ICEs) allow small animals to reliably determine the direction of a sound source. ICEs are found in a variety of taxa, but crickets have evolved the most complex arrangement of coupled ears: an acoustic tracheal system composed of a large cross-body trachea that connects two entry points for sound in the thorax with the leg trachea of both ears. The key structure that allows for the tuned directionality of the ear is a tracheal inflation (acoustic vesicle) in the midline of the cross-body trachea holding a thin membrane (septum). Crickets are known to display a wide variety of acoustic tracheal morphologies, most importantly with respect to the presence of a single or double acoustic vesicle. However, the functional relevance of this variation is still not known. In this study, we investigated the peripheral directionality of three co-occurring, closely related cricket species of the subfamily Gryllinae. No support could be found for the hypothesis that a double vesicle should be regarded as an evolutionary innovation to (1) increase interaural directional cues, (2) increase the selectivity of the directional filter or (3) provide a better match between directional and sensitivity tuning. Nonetheless, by manipulating the double acoustic vesicle in the rainforest cricket Paroecanthus podagrosus, selectively eliminating the sound-transmitting pathways, we revealed that these pathways contribute almost equally to the total amount of interaural intensity differences, emphasizing their functional relevance in the system.

10aacoustic communication10ainsect hearing10aInternally coupled ear10alaser Doppler vibrometry10aMatched filters10aSound localization1 aSchmidt, Arne, K. D.1 aRömer, Heiner uhttp://jeb.biologists.org/lookup/doi/10.1242/jeb.145524https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1242/jeb.145524https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1242/jeb.14552401717nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245010600055210006900161260001600230300001400246490000700260520115600267100002201423700002701445700002001472856005501492 2016 eng d a0013-873800aBasic elements of behavior of the cricket Phaeophilacris bredoides Kaltenbach (Orthoptera, Gryllidae)0 aBasic elements of behavior of the cricket Phaeophilacris bredoid cJan-08-2016 a537 - 5440 v963 a

The intraspecific behavior of the non-singing cricket Phaeophilacris bredoides Kaltenbach, 1986, which has no tympanal system, stridulatory apparatus, and classical acoustic communication, was studied. Even though this cricket has no song, its intraspecific behavior can be differentiated into reproductive and agonistic (defensive and aggressive), as this was done before for singing crickets. The main elements and the sequence of the phases were described for reproductive behavior. The active role during copulation belongs to the male. Wingflicks and rocking movements of the male can function as a “song.” Wing-flicks apparently generate air movements that function as short-range signals during reproductive and aggressive behavior. Substrate-borne vibrations produced by rocking also seem to be associated with aggressive behavior. Antennal contacts form an important part of interaction between crickets of both sexes. Thus, intraspecific signaling is at least partly mediated by mechanosensory channels. The assumption about the possible direction of evolution in the singing and non-singing groups of crickets was made.

1 aLunichkin, A., M.1 aZhemchuzhnikov, M., K.1 aKnyazev, A., N. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1134/S001387381605003100454nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001300041245005600054210005300110260001600163300001400179490000700193100001900200700002300219856006600242 2016 eng d a0960982200aSignal Evolution: 'Shaky' Evidence for Sensory Bias0 aSignal Evolution Shaky Evidence for Sensory Bias cJan-01-2016 aR78 - R800 v261 aPascoal, Sonia1 aBailey, Nathan, W. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096098221501439601763nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245010300055210006900158260001600227300000900243490000700252520101500259653001601274653002601290653001601316653002301332653002001355653001301375100002301388700001701411700002101428856007201449 2016 eng d a0367-504100aNew field data for old museum specimens: A peculiar cricket (Grylloidea, Orthoptera) from SW Spain0 aNew field data for old museum specimens A peculiar cricket Gryll cJan-27-2016 ae0450 v723 a

We obtained the first records of Sciobia (Thilptoblemus) natalia in Europe after a single record from Algeciras (Spain), about one century ago. We found the species in Tarifa, Benelup-Casas Viejas and Alcalá de los Gazules (Cádiz province) in plots with open land and herbaceous vegetation of wasteland, cattle states, edges of agricultural land, and hedgerows of pathways and local roads. The species may be common locally, in late spring. It may coexist with Sciobia (Thliptoblemus) caliendrum although the later presents a wider ecological spectrum whereas S. (T.) natalia prefers dense vegetation in more humid soils. Acoustic analyses indicate that the song of both species are very different, making field identification feasible. S. (T.) natalia may however easily go unnoticed among populations of the more conspicuous S. (T.) caliendrum. We discuss possible reasons why this species has gone unnoticed so far and factors that may pose at risk the maintenance of its populations.

10acoexistence10aEuropean distribution10aoscillogram10aSciobia caliendrum10aSciobia natalia10asonogram1 aCordero, Pedro, J.1 aCordero, Pau1 aOrtego, Joaquín uhttp://graellsia.revistas.csic.es/index.php/graellsia/issue/view/4502125nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260001600240300000800256490000900264520137700273653001401650653001501664653003301679653002701712100001801739700001501757700001501772700001901787700002001806856005701826 2016 eng d a1175-532600aMicromorphological differentiation of left and right stridulatory apparatus in crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)0 aMicromorphological differentiation of left and right stridulator cDec-06-2017 a5530 v41273 a

The present study compared micromorphological differentiation of stridulatory apparatus between the functional right tegmen and non-functional left tegmen, analyzed under scanning electron microscope (SEM), among eight Gryllidae species. The results showed that the main differences were found on the length and shape of files and teeth. The length of stridulatory file and teeth number were lower on the left stridulatory apparatus than that on right stridulatory apparatus in all species. However, the ratio between the length of stridulatory teeth and the interval of stridulatory teeth was significantly higher on the left stridulatory apparatus than that on right stridulatory apparatus in Dianemobius fascipes, Polionemobius taprobanensis, Pteronemobius gifuensis, Teleogryllus occipitalis and Oecanthus longicauda. In addition, the length of stridulatory teeth was positively related to number of stridulatory teeth, however, the interval of stridulatory teeth was negatively related to the ratio between the length of stridulatory teeth and the interval of stridulatory teeth for left and right stridulatory apparatus. Our result illustrated that the length of left and right stridulatory file and teeth length could be an effective character to distinguish species. Left stridulatory apparatus was not entirely degraded than right stridulatory apparatus.

10aGryllidae10aOrthoptera10ascanning electron microscope10astridulatory apparatus1 aLI, XIAOQIANG1 aZhang, Xue1 aLuo, Wenqi1 aWang, Yinliang1 aRen, Bing-Zhong uhttp://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4127.300571nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245011700054210006900171260001600240300001400256490000800270100002400278700002600302700001900328856006600347 2016 eng d a0003347200aInstantaneous song modification in response to fluctuating traffic noise in the tree cricket Oecanthus pellucens0 aInstantaneous song modification in response to fluctuating traff cJan-02-2016 a187 - 1940 v1121 aOrci, Kirill, Márk1 aPetróczki, Krisztina1 aBarta, Zoltán uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347215004492