01942nas a2200205   4500008004100000245012500041210006900166300001200235490000700247520120800254653001301462653001701475653002501492653001201517653001601529100002401545700002101569700002101590856012501611       2018                        eng d00aSeasonal Differences in Howling Response of Golden Jackals Canis aureus L., 1758 (Mammalia: Canidae) in Eastern Bulgaria0 aSeasonal Differences in Howling Response of Golden Jackals Canis  a539-5450 v173 a<p>The howling in golden jackals has a complex structure and is mostly used for territorial interactions. Due to the recent expansion of the golden jackal in Europe and the well-known fact that jackals respond to a playback howl, the bioacoustic stimulation has become an important method for data collection related to the jackal population density. This article describes changes in golden jackal response to a pre-recorded howl on a monthly basis throughout a monitoring period of one year. The study area was set in Eastern Bulgaria, in regions with already known high jackal population density. Data were collected from two transects located in different areas (Northeast and Southeast Bulgaria). The highest number of answers to the broadcasted howls was detected during June and July in Southeast Bulgaria and during July and August in Northeast Bulgaria. During these peaks, group-answers were registered mainly and the single individual-answers were very few or lacking. Based on jackal&rsquo;s ecology and biology, the results suggest that the howling response corresponds more to interactions between territorial groups rather than to com- munication signals during the breading season.</p>
10aBulgaria10aCanis aureus10agolden jackal survey10ahowling10aseasonality1 aAcosta-Pankov, Ilya1 aSpassov, Nikolai1 aBanea, Ovidiu, C  uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/content/seasonal-differences-howling-response-golden-jackals-canis-aureus-l-1758-mammalia-canidae02270nas a2200169   4500008004100000022001300041245006800054210006600122260001600188300001200204490000800216520157400224100002301798700002401821700002201845856023301867       2018                        eng d  a0003347200aWolf howls encode both sender- and context-specific information0 aWolf howls encode both sender and contextspecific information  cJan-11-2018  a59 - 660 v1453 a<p>Loud, long-distance calls serve varied functions across animal species including marking territory, attracting mates and signalling one&#39;s identity. Here, we examined the types of sender- and context-specific information encoded in the howls of captive timber wolves, Canis lupus. We analysed 913 howls from nine individuals across three packs and investigated whether howl structure varied consistently as a function of phenotypic factors (age class, sex, pack and identity of the caller) in addition to the context in which the call was produced: specifically, whether the call was produced in a &lsquo;spontaneous&rsquo; context just after sunrise or was &lsquo;elicited&rsquo; by the absence of a group member. Calls were correctly classified by individual identity and production context, but not by any other factors. Principal components analyses indicated that individual differences were primarily associated with frequency-based measures, whereas acoustic variation between production contexts was associated with a variety of frequency-, intensity- and energy-based measures. Recognition of individual differences in vocalizations is likely to be important for navigating social relationships in wolves and further work is required to determine which life history factors may shape these individual differences. Differences resulting from production context are suggestive that these howl variants may serve different functions. The extent to which these individual and contextual differences are understood by receivers remains an open question.</p>
1 aWatson, Stuart, K.1 aTownsend, Simon, W.1 aRange, Friederike  uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347218302756https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003347218302756?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003347218302756?httpAccept=text/plain