<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wrege, Peter H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rowland, Elizabeth D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keen, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shiu, Yu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acoustic monitoring for conservation in tropical forests: examples from forest elephants</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methods in Ecology and Evolution</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methods Ecol Evol</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">anthropogenic impacts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">anti-poaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bioacoustics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cryptic species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">density estimate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">law enforcement monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loxodonta cyclotis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">passive acoustic monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">signal detection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SMART</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-01-2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/2041-210X.12730</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;1. The accelerating loss of biodiversity worldwide demands effective tools for monitoring animal populations and informing conservation action. In habitats where direct observation is difficult (rain forests, oceans), or for cryptic species (shy, nocturnal), passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) provides cost-effective, unbiased data collec- tion. PAM has broad applicability in terrestrial environments, particularly tropical rain forests.&lt;/p&gt;
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	2. Using examples from studies of forest elephants in Central African rainforest,we show how PAM can be used to investigate cryptic behaviour, mechanisms of communication, estimate population size, quantify threats, and assess the efficacy of conservation strategies. We discuss the methodologies, requirements, and challenges of obtaining these data using acoustics. Where applicable, we compare these methods to more traditional approaches.&lt;/p&gt;
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	3. While PAM methods and associated analysis are maturing rapidly, mechanisms are needed for processing the dense raw data efficiently with standard computer hardware, speeding development of detection algorithms, and harnessing communication networks to move data from the field to research facilities.&lt;/p&gt;
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	4. Passive acoustic monitoring is a viable and cost-effective tool for conservation and should be incorporated in monitoring schemes much more broadly. The capability to quickly assess changes in behaviour, population size, and landscape use, simultaneously over large geographical areas, makes this approach attractive for detecting human-induced impacts and for assessing the success of conservation strategies.&lt;/p&gt;
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