@article {47754,
	title = {Micromorphological differentiation of left and right stridulatory apparatus in crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	volume = {4127},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Dec-06-2017},
	pages = {553},
	abstract = {<p>The present study compared micromorphological differentiation of stridulatory apparatus between the functional right tegmen and non-functional left tegmen, analyzed under scanning electron microscope (SEM), among eight Gryllidae species. The results showed that the main differences were found on the length and shape of files and teeth. The length of stridulatory file and teeth number were lower on the left stridulatory apparatus than that on right stridulatory apparatus in all species. However, the ratio between the length of stridulatory teeth and the interval of stridulatory teeth was significantly higher on the left stridulatory apparatus than that on right stridulatory apparatus in Dianemobius fascipes, Polionemobius taprobanensis, Pteronemobius gifuensis, Teleogryllus occipitalis and Oecanthus longicauda. In addition, the length of stridulatory teeth was positively related to number of stridulatory teeth, however, the interval of stridulatory teeth was negatively related to the ratio between the length of stridulatory teeth and the interval of stridulatory teeth for left and right stridulatory apparatus. Our result illustrated that the length of left and right stridulatory file and teeth length could be an effective character to distinguish species. Left stridulatory apparatus was not entirely degraded than right stridulatory apparatus.</p>
},
	keywords = {Gryllidae, Orthoptera, scanning electron microscope, stridulatory apparatus},
	issn = {1175-5326},
	doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4127.310.11646/zootaxa.4127.3.8},
	url = {http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4127.3},
	author = {LI, XIAOQIANG and Zhang, Xue and Wenqi Luo and Yinliang Wang and Bing-Zhong Ren}
}
@article {47347,
	title = {Comments on the Malaysian Katydid Ancylecha fenestrata (Fabricius, 1793) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)},
	journal = {Entomologie heute},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {57-75},
	chapter = {57},
	abstract = {<p>Ancylecha fenestrata is a rather large phaneropterine tettigoniid from Malaysia with leaf-like tegmina that are characterized by two crescent-like markings. This species is often raised in captivity, but publications about its biology are rare. Searching the internet we found several plants accepted for oviposition, but not for feeding. These plants have relatively fl eshy and leathery leaves and contain various substances (e. g. saponins, oxalic acid, speci fi c glucosides etc.) often harmful at least to verte- brates. Only a few plants appear to be used for both, egg deposition and feeding. Whether this is a strategy pursued by A. fenestrata in the wild, is unkown. Females oserved by us inserted up to 13 large kidney-shaped eggs (per leaf) in the leaf parenchyma of the Spotted Dracaena Dracaena surculosa often used for breeding. The chorion of the egg is composed of a thin, delicate outer layer that apparently forms a close association with the walls of the parenchyma cells of the leaf, followed by a broader spongy layer, a relatively thick and solid layer with dilatations (air spaces) connected by fi ne pore canals that also open out in the large spaces of the spongy layer, and a very thin basal layer. At temperatures of 22 to 25 \&deg;C and relatively high humidities, nymphs hatch within 70 days on average. The fi rst nym- phal instars are strikingly multicoloured. In the resting position, in which the forelegs are extended forwards, the hind legs backwards, and the long antennae are hidden under the abdomen, they resem- ble spiders. Males and females of A. fenestrata produce sounds by tegminal stridulation. Stridulatory organs are sexually dimorphic. As typical for many tettigoniids, males possess a strongly sclerotized fi le with \&ldquo;teeth\&rdquo; ( pars stridens ) on the underside of the left tegmen base and on the upper surface a scraper ( plectrum ) near to the so-called mirror. Females lack a mirror possessing several small fi les with laterally cuspidate teeth on the upper surface of the right tegmen, whereas the underside of the left tegmen is not conspicuously modi fi ed. When disturbed, both sexes produce alarm or defence sounds.</p>
},
	keywords = {Ancylecha  fenestrata, aposematism, chorion  structure, reproduction, site of oviposition, stridulatory apparatus},
	author = {Hartmut Greven and Sabrina Braatz and Dieter Schulten}
}
