02711nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001300041245011300054210006900167260001600236300001200252490000800264520182600272653003202098653002002130653002402150653002402174653002702198100001802225700001702243856023302260 2018 eng d a0003347200aObligate, but not facultative, satellite males prefer the same male sexual signal characteristics as females0 aObligate but not facultative satellite males prefer the same mal cJan-10-2018 a37 - 430 v1443 a

Signalling is energetically expensive and increases the risk of predation and parasite infection. To balance the costs and benefits of mate attraction, individuals may adopt an alternative mating strategy such as satellite behaviour, in which nonsignalling males will settle near signalling males and attempt to intercept approaching females. While many suggest that alternative strategies are ‘making the best of a bad job’, little research has examined whether satellites, particularly obligate satellites, have the potential to increase their mating success by preferentially targeting more attractive signallers. Using the Pacific field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus, we tested the hypothesis that males are more likely to act as satellites to signalling males with particularly attractive songs, as these callers are likely to attract the most females. In this species, a novel male wing mutation, ‘flatwing’, renders some males unable to call. Flatwings are obligate satellites, while nonmutated, normal-wing males switch between calling and satellite strategies. We presented males with calling song models varying in the percentage of long-to-short chirps, a characteristic important in female choice. As was shown for females in previous work, flatwings exhibited a strong preference for calling songs composed of 60% long chirp. Normal wing males did not prefer any particular calling song model. Our results lead to the paradoxical conclusion that males with highly attractive songs may not have the highest mating success. Such male preference for male sexual signals may oppose selection by females and increase competition between signalling and satellite males. This could potentially slow the rate of male trait evolution and influence the evolution of male competition.

10aalternative mating strategy10arapid evolution10asatellite behaviour10asignal exploitation10aTeleogryllus oceanicus1 aOlzer, Rachel1 aZuk, Marlene uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721830229Xhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S000334721830229X?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S000334721830229X?httpAccept=text/plain02577nas a2200157 4500008004100000245015500041210006900196260001600265300001400281490000800295520199800303100002602301700002102327700001702348856005402365 2018 eng d00aLimited flexibility in female Pacific field cricket ( Teleogryllus oceanicus) exploratory behaviors in response to perceived social environment0 aLimited flexibility in female Pacific field cricket iTeleogryllu cJan-09-2018 a650 - 6560 v1243 a

How populations adapt, or not, to rapid evolution of sexual signals has important implications for population viability, but is difficult to assess due to the paucity of examples of sexual signals evolving in real time. In Hawaiian populations of the Pacific field cricket (Teleogryllus oceanicus), selection from a deadly parasitoid fly has driven the rapid loss of a male acoustic signal, calling song, that females use to locate and evaluate potential mates. In this newly quiet environment where many males are obligately silent, how do phonotactic females find mates? Previous work has shown that the acoustic rearing environment (presence or absence of male calling song) during late juvenile stages and early adulthood exposes adaptive flexibility in locomotor behaviors of males, as well as mating behaviors in both sexes that helps facilitate the spread of silent (flatwing) males. Here, we tested whether females also show acoustically induced plasticity in walking behaviors using laboratory‐reared populations of T. oceanicus from Kauai (HI; >90% flatwings), Oahu (HI; ~50% flatwings), and Mangaia (Cook Islands; no flatwings or parasitoid fly). Though we predicted that females reared without song exposure would increase walking behaviors to facilitate mate localization when song is rare, we discovered that, unlike males, female T. oceanicus showed relatively little plasticity in exploratory behaviors in response to an acoustic rearing environment. Across all three populations, exposure to male calling song during development did not affect latency to begin walking, distance walked, or general activity of female crickets. However, females reared in the absence of song walked slower and showed a marginally non‐significant tendency to walk for longer durations of time in a novel environment than those reared in the presence of song. Overall, plasticity in female walking behaviors appears unlikely to have facilitated sexual signal loss in this species.

1 aHeinen-Kay, Justa, L.1 aStrub, Daina, B.1 aZuk, Marlene uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/eth.2018.124.issue-9