02566nas a2200229 4500008004100000245021900041210006900260520168300329653001502012653001902027653001702046653002202063653002402085100002402109700002702133700002402160700002202184700002802206700002602234700002202260856005402282 2019 eng d00aPhylogenetic relationship and variation of alarm call traits of populations of red‐cheeked ground squirrels ( Spermophilus erythrogenys sensu lato) suggest taxonomic delineation0 aPhylogenetic relationship and variation of alarm call traits of 3 a

Distribution area and taxonomic borders within the species complex Spermophilus erythrogenys sensu lato remain questionable. Early evidence suggests that red‐cheeked ground squirrels of Southeast Kazakhstan are remarkably different in terms of the acoustic structure of their alarm calls from the red‐cheeked ground squirrels of the Kurgan region in Russia. In this study, we analyzed the differences in the acoustic structure of the alarm call and mitochondrial DNA (complete control region, 1005–1006 bp and complete cytochrome b gene, 1140 bp) in 3 populations of red‐cheeked ground squirrels (Tara, Altyn‐Emel and Balkhash), all located within areas isolated by geographical barriers in Southeast Kazakhstan. We found that the alarm call variables were similar between the 3 study populations and differed by the maximum fundamental frequency (8.46 ± 0.75 kHz) from the values (5.62 ± 0.06 kHz) reported for the red‐cheeked ground squirrels from the Kurgan region of Russia. Variation in mtDNA control region was only 3% and variation in cytochrome b gene was only 2.5%. Phylogenetic trees based on cytochrome b gene polymorphism of 44 individuals from the study area and adjacent territories indicated 3 clades with high (98–100%) bootstrap support: “intermedius,” “brevicauda” and “iliensis”). We conclude that the 3 study populations in Southeast Kazakhstan belong to the clade intermedius and suggest a taxonomical revision of the species complex Spermophilus erythrogenys sensu lato, including analyses of nuclear DNA and alarm calls for populations of the brevicauda and iliensis clades.

10aalarm call10acontrol region10acytochrome b10amitochondrial DNA10avocal communication1 aMatrosova, Vera, A.1 aIVANOVA, Anastasia, D.1 aVolodina, Elena, V.1 aVolodin, Ilya, A.1 aAlexandrov, Dmitry, Yu.1 aSibiryakova, Olga, V.1 aErmakov, Oleg, A. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/17494877/14/402078nas a2200217 4500008004100000245006500041210006200106260001600168490000700184520135800191100002201549700002601571700002401597700002401621700002401645700002401669700003601693700002201729700003201751856007701783 2018 eng d00aBetween-year vocal aging in female red deer (Cervus elaphus)0 aBetweenyear vocal aging in female red deer Cervus elaphus cJan-12-20180 v113 a

Objectives

Studying animal vocal aging has potential implication in the field of animal welfare and for modeling human voice aging. The objective was to examine, using a repeated measures approach, the between-year changes of weight, social discomfort score (bites of other hinds on hind pelt), body condition score (fat reserves) and acoustic variables of the nasal (closed-mouth) and the oral (open-mouth) contact calls produced by farmed red deer hinds (Cervus elaphus) toward their young.

Results

Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that with an increase of hind age for 1 year, the acoustic variables of their nasal contact calls (the beginning and maximum fundamental frequencies, the depth of frequency modulation and the peak frequency) decreased, whereas in their oral contact calls only the end fundamental frequency decreased. Duration and power quartiles did not change in any call type. Body weight and body condition score increased between years, whereas discomfort score decreased. Results of this study revealed directly the short-term effects of aging on the acoustics of the nasal contact calls in the same hinds. This study also confirmed that elevated emotional arousal during emission of the oral contact masks the effects of aging on vocalization in female red deer.

1 aVolodin, Ilya, A.1 aSibiryakova, Olga, V.1 aVasilieva, Nina, A.1 aVolodina, Elena, V.1 aMatrosova, Vera, A.1 aGarcia, Andrés, J.1 aPérez-Barbería, Francisco, J.1 aGallego, Laureano1 aLandete-Castillejos, Tomás uhttps://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13104-018-3833-4