03024nas a2200265 4500008004100000245014600041210006900187520194300256653002702199653002502226653001702251653001802268653004002286653001502326100002002341700001902361700002002380700001802400700001702418700002102435700002502456700002302481700001602504856023802520 2019 eng d00aVocal divergence is concordant with genomic evidence for strong reproductive isolation in grasshopper mice ( Onychomys )0 aVocal divergence is concordant with genomic evidence for strong 3 a

Behavioral barriers to gene flow often evolve faster than intrinsic incompatibilities and can eliminate the opportunity for hybridization between interfertile species. While acoustic signal divergence is a common driver of premating isolation in birds and in‐ sects, its contribution to speciation in mammals is less studied. Here we characterize the incidence of, and potential barriers to, hybridization among three closely related species of grasshopper mice (genus Onychomys). All three species use long‐distance acoustic signals to attract and localize mates; Onychomys arenicola and Onychomys torridus are acoustically similar and morphologically cryptic whereas Onychomys leu‐ cogaster is larger and acoustically distinct. We used genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) to test for evidence of introgression in 227 mice from allopatric and sympatric lo‐ calities in the western United States and northern Mexico. We conducted laboratory mating trials for all species pairs to assess reproductive compatibility, and recorded vocalizations from O. arenicola and O. torridus in sympatry and allopatry to test for evidence of acoustic character displacement. Hybridization was rare in nature and, contrary to prior evidence for O. torridus/O. arenicola hybrids, only involved O. leu‐ cogaster and O. arenicola. In contrast, laboratory crosses between O. torridus and O. arenicola produced litters whereas O. leucogaster and O. arenicola crosses did not. Call fundamental frequency in O. torridus and O. arenicola was indistinguishable in allopatry but significantly differentiated in sympatry, a pattern consistent with repro‐ ductive character displacement. These results suggest that assortative mating based on a long‐distance signal is an important isolating mechanism between O. torridus and O. arenicola and highlight the importance of behavioral barriers in determining the permeability of species boundaries.

10aacoustic communication10abehavioral isolation10acontact zone10ahybridization10areproductive character displacement10aspeciation1 aCampbell, Polly1 aArévalo, Lena1 aMartin, Heather1 aChen, Charles1 aSun, Shuzhen1 aRowe, Ashlee, H.1 aWebster, Michael, S.1 aSearle, Jeremy, B.1 aPasch, Bret uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ece3.5770https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.5770https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.5770https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ece3.577002441nas a2200217 4500008004100000245013500041210006900176260001600245520170700261653002801968653001801996653001502014653003002029653001102059653002502070100002402095700001802119700002602137700001702163856004302180 2017 eng d00aMale tree weta are attracted to cuticular scent cues but do not discriminate according to sex or among two closely related species0 aMale tree weta are attracted to cuticular scent cues but do not  cMay-08-20183 a

Recognition of conspecifics is an essential precursor of successful mating. Where related species coexist, species discrimination might be important, but because related species are similar, species signal recognition may actually be low. Chemical cues such as cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are frequently used by insects to identify suitable sexual partners. We predicted that New Zealand tree weta ( Hemideina spp.), a genus of nocturnal ensiferan Orthoptera that live both allopatrically and sympatrically, use chemical signals from either frass or CHCs to find mates. In a series of six laboratory trials using both H. thoracica and H. crassidens , we found that male tree weta, but not female tree weta, occupied cavities primed with female cuticular cues more often than cavities without. However, males did not discriminate between chemical cues of male and female conspecifics, or between conspecifics and heterospecifics. In field trials, tree weta did not occupy artificial cavities primed with either female frass or female cuticular cues more often than unscented cavities. However, in both trials weta pref- erentially returned to cavities that had already been occupied earlier in the trials. A final field trial confirmed the presence of mixed species harems during the mating season in one region of sympatry. Our results suggest that selection on sex and spe- cies specific chemical cues that could be used to find conspecific mates is weak. Mixed species aggregations suggest that identification of conspecific mating cues has not evolved to be species specific. We infer that for male tree weta, the cost of mating with heterospecifics is likely less than not mating at all.

10acuticular hydrocarbons10ahybridization10aOrthoptera10areproductive interference10asignal10aspecies recognition1 aWehi, Priscilla, M.1 aMonks, Adrian1 aMorgan-Richards, Mary1 aTregenza, T. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/eth.1265201220nas a2200181 4500008004100000245013800041210006900179300001200248490000700260520061700267653001700884653002100901653002000922653001800942653001400960100002300974856004100997 2001 eng d00aGRYLLUS CAYENSIS N. SP. (ORTHOPTERA: GRYLLIDAE), A TACITURN WOOD CRICKET EXTIRPATED FROM THE FLORIDA KEYS: SONGS, ECOLOGY AND HYBRIDS0 aGRYLLUS CAYENSIS N SP ORTHOPTERA GRYLLIDAE A TACITURN WOOD CRICK a700-7050 v843 a

Gryllus cayensis, new species, formerly occurred in tropical hammocks in the Florida Keys but has not been found there since 1972, the initial year of aerial spraying of north Key Largo hammocks for mosquito control. It is now known only from pineland in Everglades National Park. Males of G. cayensis make no ordinary calling songs, but some caged males occasionally produce soft 3-4 pulse chirps with a principal frequency of nearly 11 kHz. Males of its sister species, G. fultoni (Alexander), which occurs in north Florida, call with loud 2-4 pulse chirps with a principal frequency of about 4.5 kHz.

10acalling song10aGryllus cayensis10aGryllus fultoni10ahybridization10aphylogeny1 aWalker, Thomas, J. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/da/node/4815801571nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245017200055210006900227260001600296300000800312490000900320520078600329653002201115653001601137653001801153653002801171653001901199653001501218100002401233700002301257856006101280 2017 eng d a1175-532600aA new Neotibicen cicada subspecies (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from the southeastern USA forms hybrid zones with a widespread relative despite a divergent male calling song0 anew Neotibicen cicada subspecies Hemiptera Cicadidae from the so cJul-05-2019 a5290 v42723 a

A morphologically cryptic subspecies of Neotibicen similaris (Smith and Grossbeck) is described from forests of the Apalachicola region of the southeastern United States. Although the new form exhibits a highly distinctive male calling song, it hybridizes extensively where it meets populations of the nominate subspecies in parapatry, by which it is nearly surrounded. This is the first reported example of hybridization between North American nonperiodical cicadas. Acoustic and morphological characters are added to the original description of the nominate subspecies, and illustrations of complex hybrid song phenotypes are presented. The biogeography of N. similaris is discussed in light of historical changes in forest composition on the southeastern Coastal Plain.

10aacoustic behavior10ahybrid zone10ahybridization10aparapatric distribution10asexual signals10aspeciation1 aMarshall, David, C.1 aHill, Kathy, B. R. uhttp://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4272.402087nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245012600055210006900181260001600250490000700266520148400273653001601757653001801773653002701791653001501818100001701833856005501850 2017 eng d a0340-544300aComponents of reproductive isolation between the closely related grasshopper species Chorthippus biguttulus and C. mollis0 aComponents of reproductive isolation between the closely related cJan-04-20170 v713 a

The formation and maintenance of species in nature is accomplished by the evolution of reproductive isolating mechanisms. To understand patterns of speciation and coexistence between species, it is crucial to obtain a complete synopsis of reproductive isolating barriers. We identified multiple reproductive isolation barriers between two closely related species, Chorthippus biguttulus and Chorthippus mollis, and quantified their respective contributions to isolation. To this end, we produced hybrids and backcrosses in the laboratory to examine reproductive isolation at multiple stages in the life history. The prezygotic barriers, based on chemical and acoustic cues, are currently the strongest impediments to gene flow between C. biguttulus and C. mollis. This indicates an important role for sexual selection in the maintenance of species isolation. However, extrinsic and intrinsic postzygotic isolation barriers also contributed to reproductive isolation. The virtual sterility of F1 hybrid males was based on both the dysfunctionality of their testes and intermediate behavioral mating traits (behavioral sterility). This study demonstrates that a cascade of reproductive isolating mechanisms reduces the gene flow between C. biguttulus and C. mollis. Our results further demonstrate that the courtship display in these species consists of multimodal signals and indicates a key role of chemical cues in reproductive isolation and speciation in grasshoppers.

10aChorthippus10ahybridization10areproductive isolation10aspeciation1 aFinck, Jonas uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00265-017-2295-3