05392nas a2200265 4500008004100000245008800041210006900129520457700198653002404775653002704799653000904826653001304835653002504848653002804873653001904901653002104920653002704941653001304968653001804981653002404999653001505023653001505038100003205053856004105085 2020 eng d00aDivergent selection and reproductive isolation: an empirical study on reed buntings0 aDivergent selection and reproductive isolation an empirical stud3 a

Divergent selection and local adaptation are responsible for many phenotypic differences between populations, potentially leading to speciation through the evolution of reproductive barriers. Acoustic divergence, in particular, is often the basis of assortative mating and behavioral isolation in birds. However, some species have different singing styles used in distinct social contexts, and songs of each style may change at different rates over time and space. Mate recognition largely depends on learning, generally resulting in discrimination against nonlocal stimuli. Nevertheless, there may also be geographical variation in discrimination, allowing inference on the mechanisms behind recognition. Morphologic divergence can cause reproductive isolation too, and a strong association between bill traits and foraging niche, at a given place and time, may indicate ecological speciation is at play and how.
This thesis focused on reed buntings (Emberiza schoeniclus), a small passerine that breeds in marshlands throughout the Palearctic. Populations of three subspecies were studied: migratory E. s. schoeniclus, breeding in northern and central Europe; and the residents E. s. lusitanica from northwest Iberia and E. s. witherbyi from southeast Iberia and southern France (hereafter schoeniclus, lusitanica and witherbyi, respectively).
Four main objectives were addressed using different approaches: (1) phenotypic divergence was evaluated to determine the extent of local adaptation to migration and diet, using linear measurements and geometric morphometrics; (2) song divergence between subspecies and between the three singing styles of each subspecies were tested searching for effects of sexual selection, using spectral traits and derived synthetic variables; (3) song discrimination level was determined to infer premating reproductive isolation, using playback of fast song to test territorial males; (4) association between bill morphology and foraging niche was evaluated searching for evidence of natural selection, by sampling blood in southwest Europe during the winter (when target subspecies co-occur) and performing stable isotope analyses (carbon and nitrogen).
As predicted, migratory subspecies were smaller and had longer and more pointed wings. Unexpectedly, their tail was longer, probably due to correlation with wing length. witherbyi, which feed on insects hiding inside reed stems during the winter, had a very thick bill; whereas schoeniclus, which feed on seeds, had thinner bills. Although smaller, lusitanica had thicker and longer bill than schoeniclus. Geometric morphometrics revealed that southern subspecies have a more convex culmen than schoeniclus, and that lusitanica and schoeniclus bills differ more in shape than in linear measurements. The two singing styles under sexual selection (dawn and fast songs, related to obtaining extrapair and social mates, respectively) diverged more than the slow songs (an all-clear signal to nest attending females). Multiple song traits differed between subspecies in all styles, with intermediate values for lusitanica. Cluster analyses of populations indicate that sexually selected styles better discriminate subspecies, describing a major split in song features between schoeniclus and the resident subspecies. It was found that witherbyi, and to some extent lusitanica, males largely ignored schoeniclus songs. However, witherbyi reacted less strongly to lusitanica than the converse. In contrast, schoeniclus males reacted equally strongly to all subspecies. schoeniclus showed a broader isotopic niche than southern subspecies, which seemed similar despite witherbyi more divergent bill. Stable isotope ratios were consistent with resident subspecies feeding on C3-plant-feeding insects, whereas schoeniclus diet also included C4 plant material.

Subspecies differing in several traits as theoretically predicted indicate local adaptation through natural selection. Greater song divergence in fast and dawn styles implies that sexual selection is important in this evolutionary process. Differential territorial defense provides evidence of premating reproductive isolation, and discrimination by southern subspecies seems associated with local adaptation. Recognition pattern agrees with ecological rather than neutral divergence, as predicted in ecological speciation processes. Isotopic niche divergence between northern and southern subspecies suggests that bill differentiated by natural selection through competition during winter.

10aacoustic divergence10aasymmetric recognition10abill10abirdsong10aEmberiza schoeniclus10ageometric morphometrics10aisotopic niche10alocal adaptation10amorphologic divergence10aplayback10asinging style10asong discrimination10aspeciation10asubspecies1 aGordinho, Luís, de Oliveir uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/da/node/5819802464nas a2200229 4500008004100000245020100041210006900242520161600311653001701927653001801944653002201962653003401984653002802018653001902046653001602065653002202081653001502103100003202118700002302150700002002173856004102193 2019 eng d00aVariation in Bioacoustic Characteristics in Eleutherodactylus coqui Thomas, 1966 and Eleutherodactylus antillensis (Reinhardt and Lutken, 1863) (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae) in the Puerto Rico Bank0 aVariation in Bioacoustic Characteristics in Eleutherodactylus co3 a

Bioacoustics is an interdisciplinary science that combines biology, acoustics, and mathematics. This discipline can be used to study population ecology and behavior. Furthermore, we can use this tool to assess a population and suggest if a species of interest may be in a transitional state of becoming a new species by allopatric speciation. Amphibians communicate via sound and the environment has a key role in metabolism and sound dispersion. By analyzing temporal and spectral properties of acoustical communication in anurans, we can understand better how these animals are evolving to cope with their ever-changing environment. We studied the variation in acoustic parameters among five populations each of the red-eye coqui, Eleutherodactylus antillensis (Reinhardt and Lutken, 1863) and the common coqui, E. coqui Thomas, 1966 across the Puerto Rico Bank. These species are changing their vocalizations. Some populations have higher sound frequencies than other conspecific populations; other nocturnal species have populations with different temporal patterns of sound production. We found strong variation among the five populations examined for each species. In, E. antillensis, the size of the organism relates to temporal variation in sound production (i.e., inter-note interval and total call duration) and did not relate to spectral differentiation. In E. coqui, the population living at highest elevation above sea level assessed had a spectral footprint no other population shares, probably due to geographic isolation from other conspecific populations that live in lower elevations.

10abioacoustics10acommunication10aEleutherodactylus10aEleutherodactylus antillensis10aEleutherodactylus coqui10amicroevolution10aPuerto Rico10asound spectrogram10aspeciation1 aRíos-Franceschi, Alejandro1 aJoglar, Rafael, L.1 aThomas, Richard uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/da/node/5799703024nas a2200265 4500008004100000245014600041210006900187520194300256653002702199653002502226653001702251653001802268653004002286653001502326100002002341700001902361700002002380700001802400700001702418700002102435700002502456700002302481700001602504856023802520 2019 eng d00aVocal divergence is concordant with genomic evidence for strong reproductive isolation in grasshopper mice ( Onychomys )0 aVocal divergence is concordant with genomic evidence for strong 3 a

Behavioral barriers to gene flow often evolve faster than intrinsic incompatibilities and can eliminate the opportunity for hybridization between interfertile species. While acoustic signal divergence is a common driver of premating isolation in birds and in‐ sects, its contribution to speciation in mammals is less studied. Here we characterize the incidence of, and potential barriers to, hybridization among three closely related species of grasshopper mice (genus Onychomys). All three species use long‐distance acoustic signals to attract and localize mates; Onychomys arenicola and Onychomys torridus are acoustically similar and morphologically cryptic whereas Onychomys leu‐ cogaster is larger and acoustically distinct. We used genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) to test for evidence of introgression in 227 mice from allopatric and sympatric lo‐ calities in the western United States and northern Mexico. We conducted laboratory mating trials for all species pairs to assess reproductive compatibility, and recorded vocalizations from O. arenicola and O. torridus in sympatry and allopatry to test for evidence of acoustic character displacement. Hybridization was rare in nature and, contrary to prior evidence for O. torridus/O. arenicola hybrids, only involved O. leu‐ cogaster and O. arenicola. In contrast, laboratory crosses between O. torridus and O. arenicola produced litters whereas O. leucogaster and O. arenicola crosses did not. Call fundamental frequency in O. torridus and O. arenicola was indistinguishable in allopatry but significantly differentiated in sympatry, a pattern consistent with repro‐ ductive character displacement. These results suggest that assortative mating based on a long‐distance signal is an important isolating mechanism between O. torridus and O. arenicola and highlight the importance of behavioral barriers in determining the permeability of species boundaries.

10aacoustic communication10abehavioral isolation10acontact zone10ahybridization10areproductive character displacement10aspeciation1 aCampbell, Polly1 aArévalo, Lena1 aMartin, Heather1 aChen, Charles1 aSun, Shuzhen1 aRowe, Ashlee, H.1 aWebster, Michael, S.1 aSearle, Jeremy, B.1 aPasch, Bret uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ece3.5770https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.5770https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.5770https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ece3.577001922nas a2200169 4500008004100000245016900041210006900210520130700279653002001586653001201606653001501618653001501633100002101648700002201669700001801691856004301709 2019 eng d00aDiscovery of an acoustically locating parasitoid with a potential role in divergence of song types among sympatric populations of the bush cricket Mecopoda elongata0 aDiscovery of an acoustically locating parasitoid with a potentia3 a

The bush cricket Mecopoda elongata provides a striking example of sympatric intraspecific divergence in mating signals. Five completely dis- tinct song types are found in various parapatric and sympatric locations in South India. While there is convincing evidence that population diver- gence in M. elongata is being maintained as a result of divergence in acous- tic signals, cuticular chemical profiles, and genital characters, the causes of the evolution of such divergence in the first place are unknown. We describe the discovery of a tachinid parasitoid with an orthopteroid hear- ing mechanism affecting M. elongata. This parasitoid may have a role in driving the extraordinary divergence that had occurred among M. elongata song types. Over two years we sampled individuals of three sympatric song types in the wild and retained individuals in captivity to reveal rates of parasitization. We found that all three song types were infected with the parasitoid but that there were significant differences among song types in their probability of being infected. The probability of tachinid parasitiza- tion also differed between the two sampling periods. Therefore, it is pos- sible that parasitoid infection plays a role in song type divergence among sympatric bush cricket populations.

10acryptic species10akatydid10aspeciation10aTachinidae1 aDutta, Rochishnu1 aReddy, Manjunatha1 aTregenza, Tom uhttps://jor.pensoft.net/article/34115/02101nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245016200055210006900217260001600286520134800302653002701650653002101677653002101698653001501719100002401734700002701758856013401785 2017 eng d a0024-406600aSubspecies-specific song preferences and diverged heterospecific discrimination in females of the bush-cricket Isophya kraussii (Orthoptera: Phaneropterinae)0 aSubspeciesspecific song preferences and diverged heterospecific  cSep-09-20173 a

Divergence of the acoustic signals used in mate calling may be an important driver of speciation. Male song may vary accordingly to, in mismatch with or independently of female preferences. Therefore, to estimate the importance of male signal variation between subspecies, female preferences against subspecies-specific signal variants must be tested. We examined the female response probability in the two subspecies of the bush-cricket Isophya kraussii for consubspecific and heterosubspecific male signals, and also for the song of a closely related species (I. camptoxypha), which is sympatric with one, but allopatric to the other subspecies. Performing no-choice playback experiments, we found that females of both subspecies responded to the male song of their own subspecies with significantly higher probability than to heterosubspecific and heterospecific songs. Response specificity for consubspecific vs. heterosubspecific signals was not significantly asymmetric comparing the two subspecies. A significant difference was found, however, in the discrimination of heterospecific calls: females showed stronger discrimination against the song of I. camptoxypha in the subspecies sympatric with that species. Our results are best explained by a tightly covarying, stepwise coevolution of male signals and female preferences.

10aacoustic communication10amate recognition10asignal evolution10aspeciation1 aOrci, Kirill, Márk1 aIorgu, Ionuț, Ștefan uhttp://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article/doi/10.1093/biolinnean/blx094/4110201/Subspeciesspecific-song-preferences-and-diverged01959nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001300041245018900054210006900243260001600312300001200328490000800340520096300348653002101311653001801332653001701350653001901367653001501386653001301401100001801414700002401432700002601456700003601482700001801518856015701536 2010 eng d a0024408200aA new genus of African Acrometopini (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) based on morphology, chromosomes, acoustics, distribution, and molecular data, and the description of a new species0 anew genus of African Acrometopini Tettigoniidae Phaneropterinae  cJan-01-2010 a66 - 820 v1583 a

A new genus, Altihoratosphaga, is erected for species formerly assigned to Horatosphaga Schaum, 1853, and a new species is described. Four species are included in Altihoratosphaga: Altihoratosphaga nomima (Karsch, 1896), Altihoratosphaga montivaga (Sjöstedt, 1909), Altihoratosphaga nou (Hemp, 2007) and Altihoratosphaga hanangensis sp. nov. All four species are restricted to Tanzanian localities, and, except for A. nomima, for which no ecological data are available, are confined to montane forest habitats. Data on ecology, acoustics, chromosomes, and molecular relationships are provided, as well as a key to Altihoratosphaga species. The present-day distribution of Altihoratosphaga species suggests former migration events at times when wetter and colder climatic fluctuations favoured connections between montane forest communities, which today are isolated, enabling flightless taxa such as Altihoratosphaga and Monticolaria to spread.

10aAltihoratosphaga10abush crickets10aHoratosphaga10amontane forest10aspeciation10aTanzania1 aHemp, Claudia1 aVoje, Kjetil, Lysne1 aHeller, Klaus-Gerhard1 aWarchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta1 aHemp, Andreas uhttp://blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/zoj.2010.158.issue-1https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00542.x02511nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001300041245012200054210006900176260001600245300001200261490000800273520169800281653002701979653001502006653002202021653002102043653002702064653002102091653001502112653001702127100002302144700002402167856006602191 2017 eng d a0003347200aDivergent mechanisms of acoustic mate recognition between closely related field cricket species ( Teleogryllus spp.)0 aDivergent mechanisms of acoustic mate recognition between closel cJan-08-2017 a17 - 250 v1303 a

Effective recognition of conspeci fi c mating signals reduces the risk of maladaptive hybridization. Dis- secting the signal recognition algorithms that underlie preferences is a useful approach for testing whether closely related taxa evaluate the same or different signal features to achieve mate recognition. Such data provide information about potential constraints and targets of selection during evolutionary divergence. Using a series of mate choice trials, we tested whether closely related, but genetically and phenotypically divergent, fi eld cricket species ( Teleogryllus oceanicus and Teleogryllus commodus ) use shared or distinct recognition algorithms when evaluating acoustic male calling songs. These species overlap in sympatry, show premating isolation based on female discrimination of male calling songs, yet are capable of producing hybrid offspring. Unexpectedly, female selectivity for features of male song differed between the two species. We found that the two species use a combination of shared and unique signal fi ltering mechanisms, and we characterized how information about male carrier frequency, pulse rate and temporal patterning is integrated to achieve song recognition in each species. These results illustrate how comparatively few, simple modi fi cations in key components of signal recognition algo- rithms can lead to striking interspeci fi c discrimination between closely related taxa, despite apparent signal complexity. The fi nding that some steps during signal recognition and fi ltering are shared between the species, while others differ, can help to identify behavioural traits targeted by selection during evolutionary divergence

10aacoustic communication10adivergence10afemale preference10amate recognition10areproductive isolation10asexual selection10aspeciation10aTeleogryllus1 aBailey, Nathan, W.1 aHennig, R. Matthias uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721730182301571nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245017200055210006900227260001600296300000800312490000900320520078600329653002201115653001601137653001801153653002801171653001901199653001501218100002401233700002301257856006101280 2017 eng d a1175-532600aA new Neotibicen cicada subspecies (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from the southeastern USA forms hybrid zones with a widespread relative despite a divergent male calling song0 anew Neotibicen cicada subspecies Hemiptera Cicadidae from the so cJul-05-2019 a5290 v42723 a

A morphologically cryptic subspecies of Neotibicen similaris (Smith and Grossbeck) is described from forests of the Apalachicola region of the southeastern United States. Although the new form exhibits a highly distinctive male calling song, it hybridizes extensively where it meets populations of the nominate subspecies in parapatry, by which it is nearly surrounded. This is the first reported example of hybridization between North American nonperiodical cicadas. Acoustic and morphological characters are added to the original description of the nominate subspecies, and illustrations of complex hybrid song phenotypes are presented. The biogeography of N. similaris is discussed in light of historical changes in forest composition on the southeastern Coastal Plain.

10aacoustic behavior10ahybrid zone10ahybridization10aparapatric distribution10asexual signals10aspeciation1 aMarshall, David, C.1 aHill, Kathy, B. R. uhttp://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4272.401815nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245021300055210006900268260001600337300001400353490000700367520086500374653001701239653001601256653002601272653002201298653001601320653001501336653001301351100001801364700002601382700003601408700002001444700001801464856005501482 2015 eng d a1439-609200aReview of the Plangia graminea (Serville) complex and the description of new Plangia species from East Africa (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae, Phaneropterinae) with data on habitat, bioacoustics, and chromosomes0 aReview of the Plangia graminea Serville complex and the descript cJan-09-2015 a471 - 4880 v153 a

The Plangia graminea complex is partly reviewed and two new species of Plangia are described, Plangia multimaculata n. sp. from savanna habitats and Plangia satiscaerulea n. sp. from the submontane zones in northern Tanzania. Plangia compressa (Walker 1869) is synonymized with P. graminea (Serville, 1838). Data on habitat, bioacoustics, and chromosomes are provided. Both analyzed Plangia species showed the same chromosomal number. Compared to other investigated African Phaneropterinae, Plangia had a reduced chromosome number and thus shows a derived condition in its genome. The sex chromosomes differed morphologically in both investigated species of Plangia suggesting different mechanisms leading to these differences. Niche specialization and the male calling song are discussed as drivers for speciation in fully alate and thus mobile taxa.

10abioacoustics10achromosomes10aEastern Arc Mountains10aMount Kilimanjaro10anew species10aspeciation10aTanzania1 aHemp, Claudia1 aHeller, Klaus-Gerhard1 aWarchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta1 aGrzywacz, Beata1 aHemp, Andreas uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13127-015-0216-801960nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001400041245016100055210006900216260001600285300001400301490000700315520098800322653001701310653001701327653001601344653001201360653002201372653001601394653001501410653002001425653001501445653001301460100001801473700002601491700003601517700002001553700001801573856005501591 2013 eng d a1439-609200aBiogeography, ecology, acoustics and chromosomes of East African Eurycorypha Stål species (Orthoptera, Phaneropterinae) with the description of new species0 aBiogeography ecology acoustics and chromosomes of East African E cJan-09-2013 a373 - 3950 v133 a

Although Eurycorypha is the most species-rich Phaneropterinae genus in Africa, little is known about the distribution and the ecology of the species. In this study data on distribution, ecology, song and on chromosomes of some East African species are provided. The nymphs of some species are shown, famous for their ant-like appearance and behaviour. The male of E. punctipennis Chopard and three species of Eurycorypha are newly described. These are E. resonans n. sp. and E. combretoides n. sp. occurring in different habitats on Mount Kilimanjaro, and E. conclusa n. sp from forest habitats along the Tanzanian coast. Bioacoustically, the four recorded species are unusually divers, presenting non-resonant and resonant songs. As four Eurycorypha species occur syntopically on geological young Mount Kilimanjaro, the biogeographical pattern and possible speciation mechanisms in the genus Eurycorypha are discussed in context of the climatical history of eastern Africa.

10abioacoustics10aBiogeography10achromosomes10aecology10aMount Kilimanjaro10anew species10aOrthoptera10aPhaneropterinae10aspeciation10aTanzania1 aHemp, Claudia1 aHeller, Klaus-Gerhard1 aWarchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta1 aGrzywacz, Beata1 aHemp, Andreas uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13127-012-0123-101879nas a2200205 4500008004100000245015300041210006900194260001600263300001400279490000800293520101800301653001701319653001501336653001001351653002601361653001501387653002201402100002201424856022701446 2010 eng d00aClinal variation explains taxonomic discrepancy in the calling songs of shield-back katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae: Aglaothorax)0 aClinal variation explains taxonomic discrepancy in the calling s cJan-12-2010 a910 - 9210 v1013 a

Understanding the relationship between mating trait evolution and speciation requires data from a variety of taxa. I analysed the calling songs of the shield-back katydid genus Aglaothorax, which represents a little-known lineage of acoustic insects. Field-collected males of all described species and most subspecies were recorded under controlled laboratory conditions. Discriminant analysis was 90.5% successful in separating song types, but the song types thus delineated did not correspond to currently recognized taxa as defined by morphology. The discrepancy is caused by two species, Aglaothorax morsei and Aglaothorax longipennis, the songs of which vary in a cline across the Transverse Ranges and the Los Angeles Basin of southern California. From west to east, pulse rate and duty cycle decrease and interpulse interval increases. Selection for species recognition at a contact zone, sexual selection and interactions between signals and the environment are considered as causes of the cline.

10abioacoustics10aCalifornia10acline10adiscriminant analysis10aspeciation10atransverse ranges1 aCole, Jeffrey, A. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/bij.2010.101.issue-4https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01532.xhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8312.2010.01532.x02087nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245012600055210006900181260001600250490000700266520148400273653001601757653001801773653002701791653001501818100001701833856005501850 2017 eng d a0340-544300aComponents of reproductive isolation between the closely related grasshopper species Chorthippus biguttulus and C. mollis0 aComponents of reproductive isolation between the closely related cJan-04-20170 v713 a

The formation and maintenance of species in nature is accomplished by the evolution of reproductive isolating mechanisms. To understand patterns of speciation and coexistence between species, it is crucial to obtain a complete synopsis of reproductive isolating barriers. We identified multiple reproductive isolation barriers between two closely related species, Chorthippus biguttulus and Chorthippus mollis, and quantified their respective contributions to isolation. To this end, we produced hybrids and backcrosses in the laboratory to examine reproductive isolation at multiple stages in the life history. The prezygotic barriers, based on chemical and acoustic cues, are currently the strongest impediments to gene flow between C. biguttulus and C. mollis. This indicates an important role for sexual selection in the maintenance of species isolation. However, extrinsic and intrinsic postzygotic isolation barriers also contributed to reproductive isolation. The virtual sterility of F1 hybrid males was based on both the dysfunctionality of their testes and intermediate behavioral mating traits (behavioral sterility). This study demonstrates that a cascade of reproductive isolating mechanisms reduces the gene flow between C. biguttulus and C. mollis. Our results further demonstrate that the courtship display in these species consists of multimodal signals and indicates a key role of chemical cues in reproductive isolation and speciation in grasshoppers.

10aChorthippus10ahybridization10areproductive isolation10aspeciation1 aFinck, Jonas uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00265-017-2295-302128nas a2200217 4500008004100000245018900041210006900230300001400299490000700313520129700320653001301617653001901630653002301649653002101672653001501693653001501708100001901723700001901742700002301761856012601784 2007 eng d00aPatterns and processes underlying evolutionary significant units in the Platypleura stridula L. species complex (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa0 aPatterns and processes underlying evolutionary significant units a2574-25880 v163 a

Cicadas have been shown to be useful organisms for examining the effects of distribution, plant association and geographical barriers on gene flow between populations. The cicadas of the Platypleura stridula species complex are restricted to the biologically diverse Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa. They are thus an excellent study group for eluci- dating the mechanisms by which hemipteran diversity is generated and maintained in the CFR. Phylogeographical analysis of this species complex using mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) and ribosomal 16S sequence data, coupled with preliminary morphological and acoustic data, resolves six clades, each of which has specific host-plant associations and distinct geographical ranges. The phylogeographical structure implies simultaneous or near-simultaneous radiation events, coupled with shifts in host-plant associations. When calibrated using published COI and 16S substitution rates typical for related insects, these lineages date back to the late Pliocene – early Pleistocene, coincident with vegetation change, altered drainage patterns and accelerated erosion in response to neotectonic crustal uplift and cyclic Pleistocene climate change, and glaciation-associated changes in climate and sea level.

10aendemism10aphylogeography10aplant associations10asea-level change10aspeciation10avicariance1 aPrice, Ben, W.1 aBarker, N., P.1 aVillet, Martin, H. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/da/content/patterns-and-processes-underlying-evolutionary-significant-units-platypleura-stridula-l