01926nas a2200193 4500008004100000245009400041210006900135520130600204653001401510653001701524653002101541653002001562653002101582653001801603653001701621100002901638700002401667856004101691 2019 eng d00aHow Early Do Birds Start Chirping? Dawn Chorus Onset and Peak Times in a Neotropical City0 aHow Early Do Birds Start Chirping Dawn Chorus Onset and Peak Tim3 a

Urbanisation poses important challenges for animal communication. Avian dawn choruses are a prominent component of urban soundscapes and have received attention in recent urban ecology studies. Current evidence based on comparisons of urban and non-urban sites suggest that urbanisation is associated with earlier dawn chorus singing activity. However, this phenomenon remains mainly unexplored in tropical cities. We here assessed dawn chorus onset and peak times in two contrasting conditions of the urbanisation intensity gradient (i.e., intra-urban and peri-urban forested areas) of a Neotropical city, Xalapa in Mexico, assessing relationships with noise at sunrise and artificial light at night. We found no differences in dawn chorus onset or singing peak times when contrasting intra- and peri-urban areas. However, we found non-significant trends for earlier chorus onsets and peak times with increasing noise levels. Our results show no relationship between artificial light at night and dawn chorus timing, adding evidence to recent studies showing that light pollution does not seem to be determinant in the dawn choruses of tropical birds. Further research is needed to include a wider array of urbanisation conditions and drivers of the singing routines of urban tropical birds.

10abehaviour10abioacoustics10abird assemblages10amorning singing10aperi-urban areas10aUrban ecology10aurbanisation1 aMarín-Gómez, Oscar, H.1 aMacGregor-Fors, Ian uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/da/node/5839501386nas a2200193 4500008004100000245007200041210006900113520081200182653000900994653001401003653001001017653001501027653002301042653001301065100001701078700001901095700002301114856005501137 2019 eng d00aVocalisation in the mountain hare: calls of a mostly silent species0 aVocalisation in the mountain hare calls of a mostly silent speci3 a

While the occurrence and function of vocalisation by pikas has been studied (genus Ochotona), little is known about vocalisation by hares (genus Lepus). In this study, we investigate the vocalisation activity of mountain hare (Lepus timidus) over the course of a year to better understand its occurrence and function. We found that mountain hares have a low vocalisation rate of one vocalisation every 33 night hours. We hypothesise that this low rate is the result of a strategy to minimise detection by predators. However, the 20 recorded vocal events correspond with intraspecific communication events such as warning others about danger and defending resources. This case study identifies further research directions to help strengthen our understanding of communication between solitary hares.

10aAlps10abehaviour10aCalls10aLagomorpha10apredator avoidance10asonogram1 aRehnus, Maik1 aWehrle, Martin1 aObrist, Martin, K. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10344-019-1331-101759nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245018500055210006900240260001600309300001400325490000700339520095800346653001401304653001601318653001701334653001601351653001501367653002101382100001601403700001501419700001801434856006501452 2010 eng d a1125-000300aSound production of two endemic Oedipodinae grasshoppers from the Iberian Peninsula: Jacobsiella imitans and Leptopternis candidus lusitanicus (Orthoptera: Acrididae)0 aSound production of two endemic Oedipodinae grasshoppers from th cSep-12-2010 a443 - 4520 v773 a

In this study, which was conducted with captive specimens kept in wooden cages and separated by sex, the sounds produced by Jacobsiella imitans (Brunner, 1882) and Leptopternis candidus lusitanicus (Ebner, 1941) (Orthoptera, Acrididae) are described. Sounds were recorded with a digital audio tape recorder; the signal was digitized and then analysed with the Avisoft® software. Two types of sound, both produced by stridulation, were recorded in these species: an interaction song, produced when specimens are disturbed by others, and a courtship song, emitted by males when mounting another individual in trying to copulate. In both species, females are mute. Data concerning the time and frequency domains of these sounds are presented. The behaviour observed by both species in nature and that displayed when interacting with other individuals and during courtship are described. The role of song as an isolation mechanism is discussed.

10abehaviour10aJacobsiella10aLeptopternis10aOedipodinae10aOrthoptera10asound production1 aLarrosa, E.1 aGarcia, M.1 aPresa, J., J. uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1125000090345783001142nas a2200193 4500008004100000245014100041210006900182300001200251490000700263520051500270653001800785653001400803653001500817653001600832653002000848653001800868100002100886856004100907 1975 eng d00aTwo new katydids of the genus Melanonotus from Costa Rica with Comments on their life history strategies (Tettigoniidae pseudophyllinae)0 aTwo new katydids of the genus Melanonotus from Costa Rica with C a129-1400 v863 a

Two new katydids are described from Costa Rica extending the known range of Melanonotus northward. The contrast in life history and morphology between primary forest katydids and secondary growth or temperate species is discussed. The absence of regular nightly stridulation and morphological differences such as the extremely long antennae of the two Melanonotus species and other primary forest epiphyllic katydids are suggested as adaptations to bat predation.

10abat predation10abehaviour10aCosta Rica10aMelanonotus10aPseudophyllinae10aTettigoniidae1 aRentz, D., C. F. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/da/node/5273101683nas a2200181 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163300000900232490000700241520111700248653001201365653001401377653001301391653001301404653001801417100002501435856004101460 2017 eng d00aAntennal sensilla of the armoured ground cricket, Eugaster powysi Kirby, 1891 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Hetrodinae)0 aAntennal sensilla of the armoured ground cricket Eugaster powysi a1-170 v393 a

Sensilla on the antennae of the adult armoured ground cricket, Eugaster powysi, were studied using scanning electron microscopy to determine the sensilla morphology and their possible chemo- and mechanoreceptive functions for food detection. Twelve types or subtypes occur in males and thirteen in females: aporous sensilla chaetica (62.6 % of total sensilla in males, 63.5% in females) with a tactile mechanoreceptive function; uniporous sensilla chaetica of three subtypes (12.5-12.7%) with a contact chemoreceptive function; multiporous sensilla trichodea (5.6-7.9%); multiporous sensilla basiconica of three subtypes (13.1-13.9%); multiporous sensilla coeloconica (0.8-0.9%), all multiporous sensilla being olfactory receptors; aporous sensilla coeloconica (2.2%) and aporous sensilla coelocapitula (0.1% in female) with a possible thermo- hygroreceptive function; aporous Böhm sensilla (0.4-0.5%) and sensilla campaniformia (0.5-0.6%) which are proprioceptors. These results are related to the behaviour of Eugaster and compared with those obtained in other Orthoptera, Mantodea and Blattodea.

10aantenna10abehaviour10aEugaster10asensilla10aTettigoniidae1 aFaucheux, Michel, J. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/da/node/52581