02264nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245010400055210006900159260001600228300000800244490000900252520147400261653001301735653002901748653001501777653002301792653002401815653001301839100001901852700001901871700001601890856011601906       2017                        eng d  a1175-532600aA new species of smooth-skinned Spinomantis frog (Anura: Mantellidae) from south-eastern Madagascar0 anew species of smoothskinned Spinomantis frog Anura Mantellidae   cApr-09-2017  a3790 v43173 a<p>We present molecular evidence for the presence of two species morphologically similar to Spinomantis bertini in Andohahela National Park, south-eastern Madagascar, differing by 5.5&minus;6.3% pairwise DNA sequence divergences in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. One of these was observed at higher elevations of ca. 1650 m above sea level, whereas the other was found at lower elevations of ca. 715 m a.s.l., close to the type locality of S. bertini (Isaka-Ivondro), and in one other location (Andreoky, ca. 1050 a.s.l.). We herein assign these low- to mid-elevation specimens to S. bertini based on their occurrence near the type locality and general agreement in colour pattern with the type specimen of Gephyromantis bertini Guib&eacute;, 1947. The high-elevation form is described as Spinomantis beckei sp. nov. based on its molecular divergence and reciprocal monophyly with respect to S. bertini, lower expression of greenish dorsal colour and less distinct frenal stripe. Based on a comparison of published call descriptions for S. bertini and our recordings of S. beckei, we hypothesize that S. bertini has a lower note repetition rate in advertisement calls. Molecular data suggest that the S. bertini species complex is more diverse than previously recognized, with at least two more candidate species identified: S. sp. Ca7 from Ranomafana National Park, and a newly identified candidate species S. sp. Ca12 from Pic d&rsquo;Ivohibe Special Reserve.</p>
10aAmphibia10aAndohahela National Park10aMadagascar10aSpinomantis beckei10aSpinomantis bertini10ataxonomy1 aVences, Miguel1 aKöhler, Jörn1 aGlaw, Frank  uhttps://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4317.2https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4317.2.1204329nas a2200409   4500008004100000022001400041245011500055210006900170260001600239300000600255490000900261520318800270653001303458653001003471653000903481653001803490653002103508653001903529653001603548653000903564653001003573653001003583653002503593653001303618653001703631100001903648700001903667700002203686700002503708700002603733700001803759700001603777700002603793700002403819700001903843856005703862       2017                        eng d  a1175-532600aThe use of bioacoustics in anuran taxonomy: theory, terminology, methods and recommendations for best practice0 ause of bioacoustics in anuran taxonomy theory terminology method  cNov-04-2017  a10 v42513 a<p>Vocalizations of anuran amphibians have received much attention in studies of behavioral ecology and physiology, but also provide informative characters for identifying and delimiting species. We here review the terminology and variation of frog calls from a perspective of integrative taxonomy, and provide hands-on protocols for recording, analyzing, comparing, interpreting and describing these sounds. Our focus is on advertisement calls, which serve as premating isolation mechanisms and, therefore, convey important taxonomic information. We provide recommendations for terminology of frog vocalizations, with call, note and pulse being the fundamental subunits to be used in descriptions and comparisons. However, due to the complexity and diversity of these signals, an unequivocal application of the terms call and note can be challenging. We therefore provide two coherent concepts that either follow a note-centered approach (defining uninterrupted units of sound as notes, and their entirety as call) or a call-centered approach (defining uninterrupted units as call whenever they are separated by long silent intervals) in terminology. Based on surveys of literature, we show that numerous call traits can be highly variable within and between individuals of one species. Despite idiosyncrasies of species and higher taxa, the duration of calls or notes, pulse rate within notes, and number of pulses per note appear to be more static within individuals and somewhat less affected by temperature. Therefore, these variables might often be preferable as taxonomic characters over call rate or note rate, which are heavily influenced by various factors. Dominant frequency is also comparatively static and only weakly affected by temperature, but depends strongly on body size. As with other taxonomic characters, strong call divergence is typically indicative of species-level differences, whereas call similarities of two populations are no evidence for them being conspecific. Taxonomic conclusions can especially be drawn when the general advertisement call structure of two candidate species is radically different and qualitative call differences are thus observed. On the other hand, quantitative differences in call traits might substantially vary within and among conspecific populations, and require careful evaluation and analysis. We provide guidelines for the taxonomic interpretation of advertisement call differences in sympatric and allopatric situations, and emphasize the need for an integrative use of multiple datasets (bio-acoustics, morphology, genetics), particularly for allopatric scenarios. We show that small-sized frogs often emit calls with frequency components in the ultrasound spectrum, although it is unlikely that these high frequencies are of biological relevance for the majority of them, and we illustrate that detection of upper harmonics depends also on recording distance because higher frequencies are attenuated more strongly. Bioacoustics remains a prime approach in integrative taxonomy of anurans if uncertainty due to possible intraspecific variation and technical artifacts is adequately considered and acknowledged.</p>
10aAmphibia10aAnura10acall10acall analysis10acall description10acall variation10adefinitions10anote10apulse10asound10aspecies delimitation10ataxonomy10avocalization1 aKöhler, Jörn1 aJansen, Martin1 aRodríguez, Ariel1 aKok, Philippe, J. R.1 aToledo, Luís, Felipe1 aEmmrich, Mike1 aGlaw, Frank1 aHaddad, Célio, F. B.1 aRödel, Mark-Oliver1 aVences, Miguel  uhttp://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4251.1