02180nas a2200145 4500008004100000245010700041210006900148260001600217520166800233100001801901700002801919700002301947700002001970856004401990 2017 eng d00aAcoustic communication in the pine engraver bark beetle: do signals vary between behavioural contexts?0 aAcoustic communication in the pine engraver bark beetle do signa cAug-09-20183 a

Acoustic communication is taxonomically widespread in bark beetles and is proposed to play an important role in a variety of social and defensive behavioural contexts. Yet our understanding of how signals vary between contexts is currently limited. The present study tests the hypothesis that acoustic signals vary between behavioural contexts in the female pine engraver beetle Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Female Ips pini produce acoustic chirps using a vertex-pronotal stridulatory organ. Randomly sampled chirps generated under three contexts (i.e. distress, predation and premating) are compared for their duration, number of pulses, interpulse intervals, pulse rate and amplitude envelope shapes. The results obtained show that, during premating events, chirps are significantly longer in duration and tend to have a higher proportion of descending amplitude envelopes than chirps occurring during distress and predation events. Chirps produced during distress and predation conditions are indistinguishable from one another. By contrast to the results from previous bark beetle studies, no support is found for categorizing chirps as ‘interrupted’ or ‘uninterrupted’ types based on temporal patterns. The functional significance of context-dependent variation in chirp characteristics is discussed. Previous studies on acoustic communication in bark beetles are limited as a result of a general lack of objective sampling and measurement criteria for characterizing signals. Recommendations are outlined for future studies on the functions and evolution of acoustic communication in bark beetles.

1 aDobai, Andras1 aSivalinghem, Senthurran1 aGuedes, Raul, N.C.1 aYack, Jayne, E. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/phen.1222201515nas a2200145 4500008004100000245007100041210006900112260001600181300001600197490000700213520104400220100002501264700002701289856005301316 2014 eng d00aUse of acoustics to deter bark beetles from entering tree material0 aUse of acoustics to deter bark beetles from entering tree materi cJan-12-2014 a1808 - 18140 v703 a

BACKGROUND
Acoustic technology is a potential tool to protect wood materials and eventually live trees from colonization by bark beetles. Bark beetles such as the southern pine beetle Dendroctonus frontalis, western pine beetle D. brevicomis and pine engraver Ips pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) use chemical and acoustic cues to communicate and to locate potential mates and host trees. In this study, the efficacy of sound treatments on D. frontalis, D. brevicomis and I. pini entry into tree materials was tested.


RESULTS
Acoustic treatments significantly influenced whether beetles entered pine logs in the laboratory. Playback of artificial sounds reduced D. brevicomis entry into logs, and playback of stress call sounds reduced D. frontalis entry into logs. Sound treatments had no effect on I. pini entry into logs.

CONCLUSION
The reduction in bark beetle entry into logs using particular acoustic treatments indicates that sound could be used as a viable management tool.

1 aAflitto, Nicholas, C1 aHofstetter, Richard, W uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ps.2014.70.issue-12