01721nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260001600238300001600254490000800270520098500278100002201263700001901285700002001304700002201324700002601346700002101372700002701393700002001420856005101440 2019 eng d a0001-496600aThe use of seal scarers as a protective mitigation measure can induce hearing impairment in harbour porpoises0 ause of seal scarers as a protective mitigation measure can induc cJan-12-2019 a4288 - 42980 v1463 a

Acoustic deterrent devices (ADDs) are used to deter seals from aquacultures but exposure of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) occurs as a side-effect. At construction sites, by contrast, ADDs are used to deter harbour porpoises from the zone in which pile driving noise can induce temporary threshold shifts (TTSs). ADDs emit such high pressure levels that there is concern that ADDs themselves may induce a TTS. A harbour porpoise in human care was exposed to an artificial ADD signal with a peak frequency of 14 kHz. A significant TTS was found, measured by auditory evoked potentials, with an onset of 142 dB re 1 μPa2s at 20 kHz and 147 dB re 1 μPa2s at 28 kHz. The authors therefore strongly recommend to gradually increase and down regulate source levels of ADDs to the desired deterrence range. However, further research is needed to develop a reliable relationship between received levels and deterrence.

1 aSchaffeld, Tobias1 aRuser, Andreas1 aWoelfing, Benno1 aBaltzer, Johannes1 aKristensen, Jakob, H.1 aLarsson, Josefin1 aSchnitzler, Joseph, G.1 aSiebert, Ursula uhttp://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.513530300395nas a2200097 4500008004100000245009300041210006900134100002300203700002000226856005100246 2019 eng d00aTime of arrival difference estimation for narrow band high frequency echolocation clicks0 aTime of arrival difference estimation for narrow band high frequ1 aGillespie, Douglas1 aMacaulay, Jamie uhttp://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.512967802099nas a2200241 4500008004100000245013800041210006900179260001600248520131100264653001701575653002201592653001601614653002001630653001101650653002201661653002201683653002201705100002401727700002201751700001901773700002201792856004301814 2018 eng d00aAcoustic monitoring reveals the times and tides of harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) distribution off central Oregon, U.S.A.0 aAcoustic monitoring reveals the times and tides of harbor porpoi cJan-10-20203 a

Harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) are commonly observed in Oregon’s nearshore marine environment yet knowledge of their eco- system use and behavior remains limited, generating concerns for potential impacts on this species from future coastal development. Pas- sive acoustic monitoring was used to investigate spatial and temporal variations in the presence and foraging activity of harbor porpoises off the Oregon coast from May through October 2014. Digital monitoring devices (DMONs) were deployed to record acoustic data (320 kHz sam- ple rate) in two neighboring but bathymetrically different locations off the Oregon coast: (1) a site on the 30 m isobath in close proximity (<50 m) to a rocky reef, and (2) a site on the 60 m isobath in an open sandy environment. Data were analyzed with respect to two dynamic cyclic variables: diel and tidal phase. Porpoise presence at the rocky reef site was aligned with the ebb phase of the tidal forcing, while, har- bor porpoise presence and foraging at the offshore, sandy bottom site was associated with night-time foraging. The spatial and temporal pat- terns identified in this study suggest harbor porpoise habitat use is modulated by specific environmental conditions particular to each site that maximize foraging efficiency.

10adistribution10aforaging behavior10ahabitat use10aharbor porpoise10aOregon10apassive acoustics10aPhocoena phocoena10atemporal patterns1 aHoldman, Amanda, K.1 aHaxel, Joseph, H.1 aKlinck, Holger1 aTorres, Leigh, G. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/mms.1253702880nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001300041245008700054210006900141260001600210300001400226490000800240520197300248653001002221653001802231653001702249653001502266653001702281653002002298653002402318653002302342653000902365100002302374700002302397700002302420700002102443700001602464700002002480856006602500 2017 eng d a0003347200aSilent porpoise: potential sleeping behaviour identified in wild harbour porpoises0 aSilent porpoise potential sleeping behaviour identified in wild  cJan-11-2017 a211 - 2220 v1333 a

All animals sleep and it is essential for maintaining optimal brain function. However, cetaceans engage in the unusual practice of unihemispherical sleep, where only half of their brain sleeps at a time, due to their constant need for movement and breathing. Most studies of sleep in cetaceans have occurred in captivity. However, tagging devices have now developed to the point where the data collected from wild animals can be assessed against published criteria for defining sleep behaviourally. Seven acoustic and behavioural data loggers were deployed on harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, in Danish waters between May 2010 and August 2011 and stayed on the animals between 53 and 72 h, recording 1884 to 2755 valid dives per animal. Parabolic dives with significantly reduced bioacoustic activity and a ste- reotyped behavioural pattern were identified as potential sleeping periods. The recordings for nearly half of the parabolic dives were found to contain no vocalization (echolocation clicks), significantly more than other dive types. Of the remaining parabolic dives, the click rate was, when normalized to their indi- vidual means, also significantly lower than detected in other dive types. Additionally, parabolic dives were shallow compared to all other dive types, and found to have a stereotypic low-energy profile. They were also found to contain fewer rolls and incorporate a lower vertical descent rate than most other dive types. If the data are representative, harbour porpoises spend a small, but meaningful amount of their diving time engaged in parabolic dives and thus potentially sleeping. All animals have a fundamental need for undisturbed sleep. These quiet periods thus need to be considered in studies of anthropogenic effects, but also those employing passive acoustic monitoring techniques, as well as in efforts to reduce incidental bycatch in fisheries, given the associated periods of reduced environmental awareness.

10aA-tag10aacoustic tags10adata storage10ae Phocoena10aecholocation10aharbour porpois10asatellite telemetry10asleeping behaviour10atags1 aWright, Andrew, J.1 aAkamatsu, Tomonari1 aMouritsen, Kim, N.1 aSveegaard, Signe1 aDietz, Rune1 aTeilmann, Jonas uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347217303020