02557nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245020500055210006900260260001600329520171100345100001402056700001402070700002802084700001702112700001602129856024202145 2019 eng d a0307-697000aPhylogenetic relationships and phylogeography of the genus Sinocyrtaspis Liu, 2000 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) reveal speciation processes related to climate change0 aPhylogenetic relationships and phylogeography of the genus iSino cAug-08-20203 a

Species of Sinocyrtaspis Liu inhabit moist montane environments in south China, and occur allopatrically in restricted regions without overlapping areas. This study presents the first phylogeny of Sinocyrtaspis based on one nuclear DNA sequence [partial ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 (ITS)] as well as two mitochondrial genes [cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (CYTB)] using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood. In addition, reconstructing the ancestral geographical range on the basis of the combined genes and distribution information, MaxEnt modelling was used to predict potential distribution areas in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the mid-Holocene, the present-day and in the year 2070, in order to understand speciation processes and responses to climate change in this genus. The phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of Sinocyrtaspis. The results of species delimitation confirmed seven Sinocyrtaspis species and that the speciation events mainly occurred in the late Miocene to early Pliocene when the climate became colder and drier. The conclusions of the phylogeographical analysis are as follows: (i) the centres of origin of Sinocyrtaspis were Hunan and north-east Guangxi; (ii) two dispersal routes became obvious with the final destinations of Jiangxi and Zhejiang, respectively; (iii) after the Miocene cooling period, the ancestor species partly remained in Guizhou and partly spread; (iv) as a response to climate change, species altered distribution areas by moving along altitude gradients in mountain regions, whereas the anthropogenic global warming trend has promoted some species moving to high-latitude areas or caused population differentiation.

1 aWang, Tao1 aZhu, Qidi1 aHeller, Klausā€Gerhard1 aZhou, Zhijun1 aShi, Fuming uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/syen.12384https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/syen.12384https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/syen.12384https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/syen.1238401687nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245012600055210006900181260001600250300000800266490000900274520095700283653001601240653001301256653001301269653001701282653001501299100002801314700003201342700002601374856005701400 2013 eng d a1175-532600aThe spider-like katydid Arachnoscelis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Listroscelidinae): anatomical study of the genus0 aspiderlike katydid iArachnoscelisi Orthoptera Tettigoniidae List cApr-06-2013 a5910 v36663 a

This paper provides some observations on the anatomy of the neotropical katydid Arachnoscelis arachnoides Karny (In- secta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Arachnoscelis is a genus of predaceous katydids that comprise species that resemble spi- ders in their general body appearance. The type species, A. arachnoids, was described in 1891 from a single male collected in Colombia. Following the original description, these creatures were never found again, and were thought to have gone extinct or mistakenly assigned to the type locality. But between 1891 and 2012 four more species were described and in- correctly assigned to Arachnoscelis based on a similarity of body form. In this paper we present an anatomical comparai- son of Arachnoscelis and its relatives, and propose that Arachnoscelis should be treated as a monotypic genus. This implies that other species previously described in Arachnoscelis, should be placed in different genera.

10abushcricket10aColombia10apredator10astridulation10aultrasound1 aMontealegre-Z, Fernando1 aCadena-Castaneda, Oscar, J.1 aChivers, Benedict, D. uhttp://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.3666.402113nas a2200145 4500008004100000245013500041210006900176260001600245520156700261100003301828700001901861700002001880700002401900856004301924 2017 eng d00aMorphological determinants of carrier frequency signal in katydids (Orthoptera): a comparative analysis using biophysical evidence0 aMorphological determinants of carrier frequency signal in katydi cApr-09-20183 a

Male katydids produce mating calls by stridulation using specialized structures on the forewings. The right wing (RW) bears a scraper connected to a drum-like cell known as the mirror and a left wing (LW) that overlaps the RW and bears a serrated vein on the ventral side, the stridulatory file. Sound is generated with the scraper sweeping across the file, producing vibrations that are amplified by the mirror. Using this sound generator, katydids exploit a range of song carrier frequencies (CF) unsurpassed by any other insect group, with species singing as low as 600 Hz and others as high as 150 kHz. Sound generator size has been shown to scale negatively with CF, but such observations derive from studies based on few species, without phylogenetic control, and/or using only the RW mirror length. We carried out a phylogenetic comparative analysis involving 94 species of katydids to study the relationship between LW and RW components of the sound generator and the CF of the male's mating call, while taking into account body size and phylogenetic relationships. The results showed that CF negatively scaled with all morphological measures, but was most strongly related to components of the sound generation system (file, LW and RW mirrors). Interestingly, the LW mirror (reduced and non-functional) predicted CF more accurately than the RW mirror, and body size is not a reliable CF predictor. Mathematical models were verified on known species for predicting CF in species for which sound is unknown (e.g. fossils or museum specimens).

1 aMontealegre-Zapata, Fernando1 aOgden, Jessica1 aJonsson, Thorin1 aSoulsbury, Carl, D. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jeb.1317901191nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245016600055210006900221260001600290300000800306490000900314520033100323653002400654653002300678653004300701100003000744700003600774700001900810700002900829856011500858 2017 eng d a1175-532600aDescription of the female and new characteristics of the male of Phlugis gracila Nickle, 2003 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) with new behavioral data0 aDescription of the female and new characteristics of the male of cJan-08-2019 a5510 v43113 aThe description of the female of Phlugis gracila and the addition of new characters to the original male description are provided. The description of the male stridulatory file and genitalic morphology is noted for the first time. This is the first record for the species in Brazil (Amazonas) and its natural history is noted.10aAquatic macrophytes10apredatory katydids10aseasonally flooded white-water forests1 ade Mendes, Diego, Matheus1 ade Oliveira, Jomara, Cavalcante1 aSobral, Rafael1 aMarques, Guilherme Alves uhttps://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4311.4https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4311.4.702023nas a2200193 4500008004100000245016200041210006900203260001600272300001100288490000600299520131800305100002401623700002201647700002601669700002601695700003301721700002301754856005201777 2014 eng d00aShrinking Wings for Ultrasonic Pitch Production: Hyperintense Ultra-Short-Wavelength Calls in a New Genus of Neotropical Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)0 aShrinking Wings for Ultrasonic Pitch Production Hyperintense Ult cMay-06-2014 ae987080 v93 a

This article reports the discovery of a new genus and three species of predaceous katydid (Insecta: Orthoptera) from Colombia and Ecuador in which males produce the highest frequency ultrasonic calling songs so far recorded from an arthropod. Male katydids sing by rubbing their wings together to attract distant females. Their song frequencies usually range from audio (5 kHz) to low ultrasonic (30 kHz). However, males of Supersonus spp. call females at 115 kHz, 125 kHz, and 150 kHz. Exceeding the human hearing range (50 Hz–20 kHz) by an order of magnitude, these insects also emit their ultrasound at unusually elevated sound pressure levels (SPL). In all three species these calls exceed 110 dB SPL rms re 20 m Pa (at 15 cm). Males of Supersonus spp. have unusually reduced forewings (,0.5 mm 2 ). Only the right wing radiates appreciable sound, the left bears the file and does not show a particular resonance. In contrast to most katydids, males of Supersonus spp. position and move their wings during sound production so that the concave aspect of the right wing, underlain by the insect dorsum, forms a contained cavity with sharp resonance. The observed high SPL at extreme carrier frequencies can be explained by wing anatomy, a resonant cavity with a membrane, and cuticle deformation.

1 aSarria-S, Fabio, A.1 aMorris, Glenn, K.1 aWindmill, James, F.C.1 aJackson, Joseph, Curt1 aMontealegre-Zapata, Fernando1 aEtges, William, J. uhttp://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.009870802155nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210006900184260001600253300001200269490000700281520136500288653001701653653001301670653001901683653001701702653001501719100002601734700002001760700003201780700003301812856006801845 2014 eng d a0952-462200aUltrasonic reverse stridulation in the spider-like katydid Arachnoscelis (Orthoptera: Listrosceledinae)0 aUltrasonic reverse stridulation in the spiderlike katydid iArach cFeb-01-2014 a67 - 770 v233 a

This paper illustrates the biomechanics of sound production in the neotropical predaceous katydid Arachnoscelis arachnoides (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Described and previously known from only one male specimen, this genus of predaceous katydids resembles spiders in their general body appearance. To call distant females, male katydids produce songs by stridulation where one forewing possessing a sclerotized file rubs against a row of teeth (scraper) on the other wing. In most katydid species, the songs are produced during the wing-closing phase of the stridulation. Morphological comparative studies of the stridulatory apparatus of the type specimen of Arachnoscelis arachnoides and males of other closely related species suggest that this insect sings with a frequency of ca. 80 kHz to attract conspecific females. We found an abundant population of A. arachnoides in Central Northeast of Colombia and undertook a complete analysis of the biomechanics of stridulation in this species. Using ultrasound-sensitive equipment and high-speed video, we determined that male A. arachnoides sing at ca. 74 kHz and use elastic energy and wing deformation to reach such ultrasonic frequencies. In contrast to most katydids, males of this species produce their calls during the opening phase of the wing; this form of stridulation is discussed.

10abiomechanics10aColombia10aelastic energy10astridulation10aultrasound1 aChivers, Benedict, D.1 aJonsson, Thorin1 aCadena-Castaneda, Oscar, J.1 aMontealegre-Zapata, Fernando uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09524622.2013.816639