@article {58255, title = {A shift toward harmonics for high-frequency calling shown with phylogenetic study of frequency spectra in Eneopterinae crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Eneopteridae)}, year = {2007}, abstract = {

Dominant frequency is an important feature of cricket song, as it can be used for species recognition and mate choice. The dominant frequency usually ranges from 2 to 8 kHz and corresponds to the fundamental frequency of the song. In preliminary studies we documented high-frequency songs in the subfamily Eneopterinae. To analyse this phenom- enon further, we investigate the spectral properties of these cricket songs. Based on the analysis of the frequency spectra in reference to phylogeny, we show that a shift of dominant frequency from the fundamental toward the second or the third harmonic of the song occurred in the Lebinthini tribe. In this clade the upper harmonics (second or third) become the most powerful frequencies of the song. From an evolutionary point of view, we document a case of convergence toward high-frequency calling between species of Eneoptera Burmeister, 1838, which emit alternatively low and high fundamental frequencies, and the Lebinthini, which emit high frequencies using upper harmonics. Functional hypotheses are discussed to explain how these high frequencies could be produced.

}, doi = {10.1139/Z07-106}, url = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/Z07-106}, author = {ROBILLARD, TONY and Grandcolas, Philippe and Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure} } @article {57989, title = {Latency represents sound frequency in mouse IC}, journal = {Science in China Series C: Life Sciences}, volume = {50}, year = {2007}, month = {Jan-04-2007}, pages = {258 - 264}, abstract = {

Frequency is one of the fundamental parameters of sound. The frequency of an acoustic stimulus can be represented by a neural response such as spike rate, and/or first spike latency (FSL) of a given neuron. The spike rates/frequency function of most neurons changes with different acoustic amplitudes, whereas FSL/frequency function is highly stable. This implies that FSL might represent the frequency of a sound stimulus more efficiently than spike rate. This study involved representations of acoustic frequency by spike rate and FSL of central inferior colliculus (IC) neurons responding to free-field pure-tone stimuli. We found that the FSLs of neurons responding to characteristic frequency (CF) of sound stimulus were usually the shortest, regardless of sound intensity, and that spike rates of most neurons showed a variety of function according to sound frequency, especially at high intensities. These results strongly suggest that FSL of auditory IC neurons can represent sound frequency more precisely than spike rate.

}, keywords = {characteristic frequency, first spike latency, inferior colliculus, mouse, representation}, issn = {1006-9305}, doi = {10.1007/s11427-007-0020-6}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11427-007-0020-6}, author = {Qiu, Qiang and Tang, Jie and Yu, ZuLin and Zhang, Juan and Zhou, YingJie and Xiao, ZhongJu and Shen, JunXian} } @article {57950, title = {Listening when there is no sexual signalling? Maintenance of hearing in the asexual bushcricket Poecilimon intermedius}, year = {2007}, abstract = {

Unisexual reproduction is a widespread phenomenon in invertebrates and lower vertebrates. If a former sexual reproducing species becomes parthe- nogenetic, we expect traits that were subject to sexual selection to diminish. The bushcricket Poecilimon intermedius is one of the few insect species with obli- gate but diploid parthenogenetic reproduction. We contrasted characters that are involved in mating in a sexually sibling species with the identical structures in the parthenogenetic P. intermedius. Central for sexual communication are male songs, while receptive females approach the males phonotactically. Com- pared to its sister-species P. ampliatus, the morphology of the hearing organs (acoustic spiracle, crista acustica) and the function of hearing (acoustic threshold) are reduced in P. intermedius. Nonetheless, hearing is clearly maintained in the parthenogenetic females. Natural selection by acoustic hunting bats, pleiotropy or a developmental trap may explain the well main- tained hearing function.

}, keywords = {Auditory ecology, bioacoustics, neuroanatomy, Regression, Vestigialization}, doi = {10.1007/s00359-007-0209-y}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00359-007-0209-y}, author = {Gerlind U.C. Lehmann and Strau{\ss}, Johannes and Lakes-Harlan, Reinhard} } @article {57636, title = {Listening for males and bats: spectral processing in the hearing organ of Neoconocephalus bivocatus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)}, year = {2007}, abstract = {

Tettigoniids use hearing for mate finding and the avoidance of predators (mainly bats). Using intracellular recordings, we studied the response properties of auditory receptor cells of Neoconocephalus bivocatus to different sound frequencies, with a special focus on the frequency ranges representative of male calls and bat cries. We found several response properties that may represent adaptations for hearing in both contexts. Receptor cells with characteristic frequencies close to the dominant frequency of the communication signal were more broadly tuned, thus extending their range of high sensitivity. This increases the number of cells responding to the dominant frequency of the male call at low signal amplitudes, which should improve long distance call localization. Many cells tuned to audio frequencies had intermediate thresholds for ultrasound. As a consequence, a large number of receptors should be recruited at intermediate amplitudes of bat cries. This collective response of many receptors may function to emphasize predator information in the sensory system, and correlates with the amplitude range at which ultrasound elicits evasive behavior in tettigoniids. We compare our results with spectral processing in crickets, and discuss that both groups evolved different adaptations for the perceptual tasks of mate and predator detection.

}, keywords = {acoustic communication, hearing, Predator evasion, Receptor tuning, ultrasound}, doi = {10.1007/s00359-007-0245-7}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00359-007-0245-7}, author = {H{\"o}bel, Gerlinde and Schul, Johannes} } @article {57412, title = {Flight and hearing: ultrasound sensitivity differs between flight-capable and flight-incapable morphs of a wing-dimorphic cricket species}, year = {2007}, abstract = {

We studied frequency sensitivity of flight-capable and flight-incapable forms of the wing-dimorphic cricket Gryllus texensis, using both behavioral and neurophysiological measurements. Behavioral thresholds for negative phonotaxis in response to ultrasound stimuli are lower for long-winged (i.e. flight-capable) crickets than for short-winged (flight-incapable) individuals, whereas thresholds for positive phonotaxis in response to a calling-song model do not differ. Similarly, thresholds of the identified interneurons ON1 and AN2 differ between flight morphs for high sound frequencies but not for the frequency of calling song. Our results show that sensitivity to ultrasound is closely linked to flight ability, and thus to the risk of predation from aerially hawking bats. We suggest that sensitivity to ultrasound is one of a suite of flight-associated characteristics, the development of which may be under common hormonal regulation.

}, keywords = {bat predation, juvenile hormone, phonotaxis}, doi = {10.1242/jeb.008136}, url = {http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/doi/10.1242/jeb.008136https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1242/jeb.008136}, author = {Gerald S. Pollack and Martins, R.} } @article {48144, title = {Sensory ecology of prey rustling sounds: acoustical features and their classification by wild Grey Mouse Lemurs}, journal = {Functional Ecology}, volume = {21}, year = {2007}, month = {Jan-02-2007}, abstract = {

1. Predatory mammals and birds from several phylogenetic lineages use prey rustling sounds to detect and locate prey. However, it is not known whether these rustling sounds convey information about the prey, such as its size or profitability, and whether predators use them to classify prey accordingly.

2. We recorded rustling sounds of insects in Madagascar walking on natural substrate and show a clear correlation between insect mass and several acoustic parameters.

3. In subsequent behavioural experiments in the field, we determined whether nocturnal animals, when foraging for insects, evaluate these parameters to classify their prey. We used field-experienced Grey Mouse Lemurs Microcebus murinus in short-term captivity. Mouse Lemurs are generally regarded as a good model for the most ancestral primate condition. They use multimodal sensorial information to find food (mainly fruit, gum, insect secretions and arthropods) in nightly forest. Acoustic cues play a role in detection of insect prey.

4. When presented with two simultaneous playbacks of rustling sounds, lemurs spontaneously chose the one higher above their hearing threshold, i.e. they used the rustling sound\&$\#$39;s amplitude for classification. We were not able, despite attempts in a reinforced paradigm, to persuade lemurs to use cues other than amplitude, e.g. frequency cues, for prey discrimination.

5. Our data suggests that Mouse Lemurs, when foraging for insects, use the mass\–amplitude correlation of prey-generated rustling sounds to evaluate the average mass of insects and to guide their foraging decisions.

}, keywords = {foraging, prey choice, prey selection, primates, size selection}, issn = {0269-8463}, doi = {10.1111/fec.2007.21.issue-110.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01212.x}, url = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/toc/fec/21/1}, author = {Goerlitz, H. R. and Siemers, B. M.} } @article {47908, title = {Behavioural specialization among populations of the acoustically orienting parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea utilizing different cricket species as hosts}, journal = {Animal Behaviour}, volume = {73}, year = {2007}, month = {Jan-01-2007}, pages = {99 - 104}, abstract = {

Tightly coupled evolutionary associations between parasites and their hosts are well known. What is less well characterized is the behavioural specialization of parasites that exploit different hosts in different parts of the parasite\’s geographical range. Here we examine behavioural specialization among populations of a parasitoid fly, Ormia ochracea, that exploit different host species of crickets in different parts of the fly\’s range. We conducted a field experiment to compare phonotactic attraction of flies from Florida, Texas, California and Hawaii (U.S.A.) to the songs of their local host species of cricket versus their attraction to the songs of species of crickets utilized as hosts elsewhere within the flies\’ range. We found strong behavioural specialization of fly populations, with preferential phonotaxis towards the song of the local host species of cricket. These results suggest strong behavioural specialization of flies, but that specialization does not constrain or preclude the rapid adoption of novel hosts.

}, keywords = {acoustic communication, behavioural specialization, diptera-orthoptera coevolution, eavesdropping, host selection, Ormia ochracea, parasitoid fly}, issn = {00033472}, doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.07.005}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347206003939}, author = {Gray, David A. and Banuelos, Christina and Sean E. Walker and William H. Cade and Zuk, Marlene} } @article {47838, title = {A new cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) for Castilla-La Mancha and the Iberian Peninsula}, journal = {Graellsia}, volume = {63}, year = {2007}, pages = {305 - 313}, abstract = {

We report Tartarogryllus tartarus (Saussure, 1874), a species with disjunct distribution in the Mediterranean-Turanean area, for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula. We summarize morphological charateristics for the species identification adding some new relevant traits to distinguish it from Acheta domesticus and Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis, particularly the interior tympanic opening that is shaped like a narrow slot whereas it is almost rounded in Acheta and Eumodicogryllus. We have found the species in cereal crops and vegetation around hiper-saline lagoons of arid lands (Castilla-La Mancha, Spain). Adult emergence occurs in May with maximum sexual activity at the end of this month and in June. We suspect that this species may be more widely distributed in other regions of the Iberian Peninsula with appropriate habitat.

}, keywords = {arid land, disjunct distribution, hipersaline lagoons, Tartarogryllus tartarus, taxonomic studies, tympanic opening}, issn = {0367-5041}, doi = {10.3989/graellsia.2007.v63.i210.3989/graellsia.2007.v63.i2.97}, url = {http://graellsia.revistas.csic.es/index.php/graellsia/issue/view/8}, author = {Cordero, P. J. and Llorente, V. and Aparicio, J. M.} } @article {47817, title = {Southern Cricket Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) in the Czech Republic: new records and notes on the biology and stridulation}, journal = {Polish Journal of Entomology}, volume = {76}, year = {2007}, pages = {47-55}, chapter = {47}, abstract = {Recently, the population of Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis consisting of more than ten males has been observed in Novosedly railway station in the most south-eastern part of the Czech Republic during 2004-2006. The individuals occupied railway embankment composed of coarse grit. Single male was found on other place at Mušlov sand pit. In southern Moravia, this species probably occurs on the northern edge of its range. The adults occur from the beginning of June to the beginning of September. The calling song of males of E. bordigalensis from Novosedly consists of long, uninterrupted sequence of syllables which lasts several minutes. The normal duration of syllables were 0.122-0.149 s, they are consisted of 11-13 impulses and the carrier frequency shows a band between 4.6-15.5 KHz.}, keywords = {bionomics, Czech Republic, distribution, Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis, faunistics, stridulation}, author = {Jaroslav Holu{\v s}a and Petr Ko{\v c}{\'a}rek and Robert Vlk and Pavel Marhoul} } @article {47745, title = {Stridulatory file and calling song of two populations of the tropical bush cricket Eneoptera surinamensis (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae)}, journal = {Iheringia. S{\'e}rie Zoologia}, volume = {97}, year = {2007}, month = {Jan-12-2007}, pages = {461 - 465}, abstract = {

This study characterizes the calling song and ultramorphology of the stridulatory file of two geographically isolated populations of the tropical bush cricket Eneoptera surinamensis (De Geer, 1773) from city of Foz do Igua\çu, state of Paran\á, and town of Rio Claro, state of S\ão Paulo, Brazil, distant 1,000 Km from each other. The teeth are shell-shaped, the larger ones are dis tributed in the medium region of the file, decreasing gradually in size towards the edges. Specimens from Foz do Igua\çu have a file with 82 \± 9.8 teeth, length=1.89 mm \± 0.15 with 43.76 \± 5.94 teeth per mm (n=15). Specimens from Rio Claro present a file with 87 \± 9.81, length=1.9 6 \± 0.19 mm with 44.52 \± 4.61 teeth per mm (n=15). Statistical differences found between the two populations are not significant. The calling song is an uninterrupted trill that alternates two sets of notes distinct for its temporal features.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, Grylloidea, pars stridens, sonogram}, doi = {10.1590/S0073-47212007000400016}, url = {http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext\&pid=S0073-47212007000400016\&lng=en\&tlng=en}, author = {Miyoshi, Akio R. and Zefa, Edison and Luciano de P. Martins and Dias, Pedro G. B. S. and Drehmer, C{\'e}sar J. and Jos{\'e} E. F. Dornelles} } @article {47619, title = {Observations of the biology and inlmature stages of the sandgroper Cylindraustralia kochii (Saussure), with notes on some congeners (Orthoptera: Cylindrachetidae)}, journal = {Records of the Western Australian Museum}, volume = {23}, year = {2007}, month = {Jan-01-2007}, pages = {219}, abstract = {

Field and laboratory observations of Cylindraustralia kochii are presented with notes on some congeners. Nymphs and adults create galleries in moist soil by compression of the soil with their powerful fore legs, burrowing to depths of up to 1.9 m. During the cooler months and 1ñ2 days after rain, sandgropers commonly burrow long distances close to the soil surface producing conspicuous raised trails. Adults and nymphs of various sizes were found throughout the year. Eggs and early immatures of the genus (and family) are described for the first time. Pedicellate eggs of C. kochii were suspended singly in closed chambers 40ñ190 cm deep in moist soil. A ëlarvalí stage hatches from the egg and moults to a first instar nymph while still in the egg chamber. Five nymphal instars are indicated by morphometric and morphological data. Eggs are laid from autumn to spring but hatching was only observed in mid summer. A duration of at least 12 months is indicated for first instar nymphs, so the complete life cycle may extend over several years. Examination of gut contents revealed that sandgropers are omnivorous, consuming a wide array of plant, fungal and arthropod material. Plant food included root, stem, leaf, flower and seed tissue. Cannibalism occurred in one very dense population of C. kochii. Otherwise, no insect predators or parasitoids were encountered. Associated organisms included gregarines and Amoeba (Protista) in the intestines, rhabditid nematodes in the genital chambers of adults, and six species of mesostigmatid and astigmatid mites which adhered externally to the body. Nymphs and adults produce an odorous, probably defensive secretion from a pair of abdominal glands.

}, keywords = {ecology, ethology, parasites, subterranean insects}, issn = {0312-3162}, doi = {10.18195/issn.0312-3162.23(3).2007.219-234}, url = {http://museum.wa.gov.au/research/records-supplements/records/observation-biology-and-immature-stages-sandgroper-cylindraustr}, author = {Houston, Terry F.} } @article {12663, title = {The unusual inheritance pattern of the courtship songs in closely related grasshopper species of the Chorthippus albomarginatus-group (Orthoptera: Gomphocerinae)}, journal = {Journal of Evolutionary Biology}, volume = {20}, year = {2007}, month = {Jan-01-2007}, pages = {260 - 277}, abstract = {Sibling species of the Chorthippus albomarginatus-group are exceptional among all European grasshopper species because they have an extremely elaborate courtship behaviour. Here, we present a genetic analysis of the courtship song differences between two closely related grasshopper species Ch. albomarginatus and Ch. oschei. Measurements of seven courtship song characters and one parameter of courtship visual display were compared among parentals, F 1 and F 2 hybrids, and backcrosses. Variation in one morphological character, the number of stridulatory pegs, was studied as well. The distributions of song phenotypes were more consistent with a type-III genetic architecture, which involves complementary or duplicate pairs of loci. We suggest that this type of architecture may provide the novel elements of the hybrid songs, even more complex than the parental ones, which may offer a new starting point for sexual selection. One parameter of the visual display appeared to be controlled by a single locus, but differences in other characters of visual display could be explained by a more complex inheritance pattern. Inheritance of the peg number differences was consistent with a simple polygenic additive model. Sex linkage and/or maternal effects were not detected for any trait. We found a disproportionate influence of the Ch. albomarginatus parent on most hybrid song characteristics and the visual display, and this may support a previously suggested idea that Ch. albomarginatus is an ancestral form and Ch. oschei is a derived species.}, issn = {1010-061X}, doi = {10.1111/jeb.2007.20.issue-110.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01204.x}, url = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/toc/jeb/20/1}, author = {V. YU. Vedenina and A. K. Panyutin and Otto von Helversen} } @article {11801, title = {Patterns and processes underlying evolutionary significant units in the Platypleura stridula L. species complex (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa}, journal = {Molecular Ecology}, volume = {16}, year = {2007}, pages = {2574-2588}, chapter = {2574}, abstract = {

Cicadas have been shown to be useful organisms for examining the effects of distribution, plant association and geographical barriers on gene flow between populations. The cicadas of the Platypleura stridula species complex are restricted to the biologically diverse Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa. They are thus an excellent study group for eluci- dating the mechanisms by which hemipteran diversity is generated and maintained in the CFR. Phylogeographical analysis of this species complex using mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) and ribosomal 16S sequence data, coupled with preliminary morphological and acoustic data, resolves six clades, each of which has specific host-plant associations and distinct geographical ranges. The phylogeographical structure implies simultaneous or near-simultaneous radiation events, coupled with shifts in host-plant associations. When calibrated using published COI and 16S substitution rates typical for related insects, these lineages date back to the late Pliocene \– early Pleistocene, coincident with vegetation change, altered drainage patterns and accelerated erosion in response to neotectonic crustal uplift and cyclic Pleistocene climate change, and glaciation-associated changes in climate and sea level.

}, keywords = {endemism, phylogeography, plant associations, sea-level change, speciation, vicariance}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03328.x}, author = {Ben W. Price and N. P. Barker and Martin H. Villet} } @article {11174, title = {Sound generation in Mantis religiosa (Mantodea: Mantidae): stridulatory structures and acoustic signal}, journal = {Journal of Orthoptera Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2007}, month = {Jan-06-2007}, pages = {35 - 49}, abstract = {

Several species of mantids perform defensive displays during close-range encounters with predators. In adult Mantis religiosa, this display entails both visual and acoustic components, the latter being abdominoalary stridulation. Stridulatory modifications of the abdomen and hindwings and acoustic properties of the defensive sounds of M. religiosa are characterized here for the first time. Defensive sounds are generated via an abdominoalary mechanism involving contact between teeth found on the longitudinal veins of the metathoracic wings and pegs located on the abdominal pleura. Defensive stridulation in M. religiosa is highly variable in both spectral and time domains. Inter-individual variability may be stochastically greater than intra-individual variability for at least one acoustic parameter (peak frequency). The loudest portion of a sound emission (syllable), or down-pulse, has an average duration of 195 ms and features an abrupt rise to maximum amplitude. Inter-syllabic intervals are irregular and rate of syllable production depends on a mantid\&$\#$39;s sex. The acoustic output of M. religiosa is nonresonant, broadband, and of relatively low intensity. A minor ultrasonic component may be present in the spectra of these mantids (particularly in males). The modal peak frequency range (4 kHz interval) is 8-12 kHz (mean range \∼7.4-9.4 kHz). Acoustic parameters which appear to vary between the sexes and/or among females at different reproductive stages, may be related to the sexual size dimorphism of this species and morphological constraints associated with egg-bearing. The acoustic output of M. religiosa is considered with reference to its intended receivers and plausible mechanisms of predator deterrence.

}, keywords = {acoustics, defense, display, disturbance, mantid, stridulation}, issn = {1082-6467}, doi = {10.1665/1082-6467(2007)16[35:SGIMRM]2.0.CO;2}, url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1665/1082-6467\%282007\%2916\%5B35\%3ASGIMRM\%5D2.0.CO\%3B2}, author = {Hill, Stephanie A.} }