02307nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245009600055210006900151260001600220490000700236520154300243653002201786653001901808653002201827653002401849653001901873100002601892700002501918700002601943700002401969700001701993856005502010       2018                        eng d  a0340-544300aAge and social affinity effects on contact call interactions in free-ranging spider monkeys0 aAge and social affinity effects on contact call interactions in   cJan-12-20180 v723 a<p>Nonhuman primates&rsquo; vocal repertoire has shown little plasticity, with immatures producing adult-like acoustic structures. Yet, the use of different call types shows a degree of socially dependent flexibility during development. In several nonhuman primate species, group members exchange contact calls respecting a set of social and temporal rules that may be learned (e.g., overlap avoidance, turn-taking, social selection of interacting partners, and call type matching). Here, we study the use of contact calls in free-living adult and immature (old and young) spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi). We focused our study in two contact call types of the species&rsquo; repertoire: whinnies and high-whinnies. Our results suggest that individuals in all age classes produced both call types, with immatures producing less frequently the whinny call type. Immature individuals exchanged calls less often than adults, although their contribution increased with age. Conversely, mature individuals regulated their emissions by (1) exchanging more calls with their preferred affiliative partner and (2) matching the call type, while immatures did not. Our results show that contact call usage changes during development and suggest that adult rules might be learned. We argue that call matching is a &ldquo;conversational rule&rdquo; that young individuals acquire with apparent call-type-dependent variations during development. Our findings support the idea that social factors influence vocal development in nonhuman primates.</p>
10aAcoustic matching10aCall exchanges10aNew World monkeys10avocal communication10avocal learning1 aBriseno-Jaramillo, M.1 aRamos-Fernández, G.1 aPalacios-Romo, T., M.1 aSosa-López, J., R.1 aLemasson, A.  uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00265-018-2615-2