@article {58409,
	title = {Morphological Evidence for the Sensitivity of the Ear Canal of Odontocetes as shown by Immunohistochemistry and Transmission Electron Microscopy},
	year = {2020},
	abstract = {<p>Tthe function of the external ear canal in cetaceans is still under debate and its morphology is largely\&nbsp;unknown. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses using antibodies specific for nervous tissue (anti-S100, anti-NSE, anti-NF, and anti-PGP 9.5), together with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and various histological techniques, were carried out to investigate the peripheral nervous system of the ear canals of several species of toothed whales and terrestrial cetartiodactyla. this study highlights the innervation of the ear canal with the presence of lamellar corpuscles over its entire course, and their absence in all studied terrestrial mammals. Each corpuscle consisted of a central axon, surrounded\&nbsp;by lamellae of Schwann receptor cells, surrounded by a thin cellular layer, as shown by IHC and TEM. These findings indicate that the corpuscles are mechanoreceptors that resemble the inner core of Pacinian corpuscles without capsule or outer core, and were labelled as simple lamellar corpuscles. They form part of a sensory system that may represent a unique phylogenetic feature of cetaceans, and an evolutionary adaptation to life in the marine environment. Although the exact function of the ear canal is not fully clear, we provide essential knowledge and a preliminary hypothetical deviation on its function as a unique sensory organ.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-61170-4},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-61170-4},
	author = {De Vreese, Steffen and Andr{\'e}, Michel and Cozzi, Bruno and Centelleghe, Cinzia and van der Schaar, Mike and Mazzariol, Sandro}
}
@article {53335,
	title = {Marine mammal acoustic detections in the Greenland and Barents Sea, 2013 {\textendash} 2014 seasons},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-12-2018},
	abstract = {<p>While the Greenland and Barents Seas are known habitats for several cetacean and pinniped species there is a lack of long-term monitoring data in this rapidly changing environment. Moreover, little is known of the ambient soundscapes, and increasing off-shore anthropogenic activities can influence the ecosystem and marine life. Baseline acoustic data is needed to better assess current and future soundscape and ecosystem conditions. The analysis of a year of continuous data from three passive acoustic monitoring devices revealed species-dependent seasonal and spatial variation of a large variety of marine mammals in the Greenland and Barents Seas. Sampling rates were 39 and 78\&thinsp;kHz in the respective locations, and all systems were operational at a duty cycle of 2\&thinsp;min on, 30\&thinsp;min off. The research presents a description of cetacean and pinniped acoustic detections along with a variety of unknown low-frequency tonal sounds, and ambient sound level measurements that fall within the scope of the European Marine Strategy Framework (MSFD). The presented data shows the importance of monitoring Arctic underwater biodiversity for assessing the ecological changes under the scope of climate change.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-34624-z},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-34624-z},
	author = {De Vreese, Steffen and van der Schaar, Mike and Weissenberger, J{\"u}rgen and Erbs, Florence and Kosecka, Monika and Sol{\'e}, Marta and Andr{\'e}, Michel}
}
