@article {58203, title = {Bats and moths: what is there left to learn?}, year = {2003}, abstract = {

Over 14 families of moths have ears that are adapted to detect the ultrasonic echolocation calls of bats. On hearing a bat, these moths respond with an escape response that reduces their chances of being caught. As an evolutionary response, bats may then have evolved behavioural strategies or changes in call design to overcome the moth\&$\#$39;s hearing. The nature of this interaction is reviewed. In particular, the role of the echolocation calls of bats in the shaping of the structure, neurophysiology and behavioural responses of moths is discussed. Unresolved issues, such as the structural complexity of the moth\&$\#$39;s auditory system, the nature of temporal integration and the role of the non-auditory B cell, are described. Issues in which the interactions between bats and moths may be of more general interest to biologists, such as noise filtering within the central nervous system, protean behaviours and coevolution between predator and prey, are also discussed. The interaction between bats and moths has much to interest general biologists, and may provide a useful model in understanding the neurophysiological basis of behaviour, including protean escape behaviours. The validity of the term coevolution as applied to this system is discussed, as there is no doubt that the auditory system of moths is a response to the echolocation calls of bats, although the evolutionary response of bats to moths is more ambiguous.

}, doi = {10.1111/pen.2003.28.issue-410.1111/j.1365-3032.2003.00355.x}, url = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/toc/pen/28/4}, author = {Waters, Dean A.} } @article {53241, title = {A 2.6-gram sound and movement tag for studying the acoustic scene and kinematics of echolocating bats}, journal = {Methods in Ecology and Evolution}, year = {2018}, month = {Apr-10-2019}, abstract = {

1.To study sensorimotor behaviour in wild animals, it is necessary to synchronously record the sensory inputs available to the animal, and its movements. To do this, we have developed a biologging device that can record the primary sensory information and the associated movements during foraging and navigating in echolocating bats.

2.This 2.6 -gram tag records the sonar calls and echoes from an ultrasonic microphone, while simultaneously sampling fine-scale movement in three dimensions from wideband accelerometers and magnetometers. In this study, we tested the tag on an European noctula (Nyctalus noctula) during target approaches and on four big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) during prey interception in a flight room.

3.We show that the tag records both the outgoing calls and echoes returning from objects at biologically relevant distances. Inertial sensor data enables the detection of behavioural events such as flying, turning, and resting. In addition, individual wing-beats can be tracked and synchronized to the bat\&$\#$39;s sound emissions to study the coordination of different motor events.

4.By recording the primary acoustic flow of bats concomitant with associated behaviours on a very fine time-scale, this type of biologging method will foster a deeper understanding of how sensory inputs guide feeding behaviours in the wild.

}, keywords = {Accelerometers, archival tag, auditory scene, bat echolocation, biologging, echogram, echoic scene, flight kinematics, inertial sensors, sensory-motor response}, doi = {10.1111/2041-210X.13108}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/2041-210X.13108}, author = {Stidsholt, Laura and Johnson, Mark and Beedholm, Kristian and Jakobsen, Lasse and Kugler, Kathrin and Brinkl{\o}v, Signe and Salles, Angeles and Moss, Cynthia F.} }