01256nas a2200169 4500008004100000245009100041210006900132520070500201653001600906653001200922653003300934100001800967700001800985700001801003700001701021856004801038 1994 eng d00aA new biophysical method to determine the gain of the acoustic trachea in bushcrickets0 anew biophysical method to determine the gain of the acoustic tra3 a

A method is described for measuring the gain (i.e., the change of amplitude and phase angle) for sounds that propagate to the internal surface of the tympana in ears working as pressure difference receivers. The gain of the acoustic trachea has been measured in two similarly sized and closely related species of bushcrickets, in which the acoustic spiracles and tracheae differ markedly in size. The amplitude part of the gain is much larger in the species with the larger acoustic spiracle, whereas the phase part is very similar in the two species. The method is compared with other methods, which in the past have been used for estimating the gain of sound pathways inside animal bodies.

10abushcricket10ahearing10aPressure difference receiver1 aMichelsen, A.1 aRohrseitz, K.1 aHeller, K.-G.1 aStumpner, A. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF0021511002072nas a2200205 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128520133100197653001601528653002001544653002201564653001901586653002901605653001801634100002101652700002101673700002001694700002101714856013101735 2014 eng d00aProcessing of simple and complex acoustic signals in a tonotopically organized ear0 aProcessing of simple and complex acoustic signals in a tonotopic3 a

Processing of complex signals in the hearing organ remains poorly understood. This paper aims to contribute to this topic by presenting investigations on the mechanical and neuronal response of the hearing organ of the tropical bushcricket species Mecopoda elongata to simple pure tone signals as well as to the conspecific song as a complex acoustic signal. The high-frequency hearing organ of bushcrickets, the crista acustica (CA), is tonotopically tuned to frequencies between about 4 and 70 kHz. Laser Doppler vibrometer measurements revealed a strong and dominant low-frequency-induced motion of the CA when stimulated with either pure tone or complex stimuli. Consequently, the high-frequency distal area of the CA is more strongly deflected by low-frequency-induced waves than by high-frequency-induced waves. This low-frequency dominance will have strong effects on the processing of complex signals. Therefore, we additionally studied the neuronal response of the CA to native and frequency-manipulated chirps. Again, we found a dominant influence of low-frequency components within the conspecific song, indicating that the mechanical vibration pattern highly determines the neuronal response of the sensory cells. Thus, we conclude that the encoding of communication signals is modulated by ear mechanics.

10abushcricket10acrista acustica10aElectrophysiology10ainsect hearing10alaser Doppler vibrometry10aTettigoniidae1 aHummel, Jennifer1 aWolf, Konstantin1 aKössl, Manfred1 aNowotny, Manuela uhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2014.1872https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2014.187201687nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245012600055210006900181260001600250300000800266490000900274520095700283653001601240653001301256653001301269653001701282653001501299100002801314700003201342700002601374856005701400 2013 eng d a1175-532600aThe spider-like katydid Arachnoscelis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Listroscelidinae): anatomical study of the genus0 aspiderlike katydid iArachnoscelisi Orthoptera Tettigoniidae List cApr-06-2013 a5910 v36663 a

This paper provides some observations on the anatomy of the neotropical katydid Arachnoscelis arachnoides Karny (In- secta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Arachnoscelis is a genus of predaceous katydids that comprise species that resemble spi- ders in their general body appearance. The type species, A. arachnoids, was described in 1891 from a single male collected in Colombia. Following the original description, these creatures were never found again, and were thought to have gone extinct or mistakenly assigned to the type locality. But between 1891 and 2012 four more species were described and in- correctly assigned to Arachnoscelis based on a similarity of body form. In this paper we present an anatomical comparai- son of Arachnoscelis and its relatives, and propose that Arachnoscelis should be treated as a monotypic genus. This implies that other species previously described in Arachnoscelis, should be placed in different genera.

10abushcricket10aColombia10apredator10astridulation10aultrasound1 aMontealegre-Z, Fernando1 aCadena-Castaneda, Oscar, J.1 aChivers, Benedict, D. uhttp://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.3666.401817nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245012000055210006900175260001600244300001600260490000800276520100400284653002501288653001701313653001601330653001901346653001801365100001401383700003301397700001901430700001801449700001601467700001201483856005601495 2012 eng d a0027-842400aWing stridulation in a Jurassic katydid (Insecta, Orthoptera) produced low-pitched musical calls to attract females0 aWing stridulation in a Jurassic katydid Insecta Orthoptera produ cJun-03-2012 a3868 - 38730 v1093 a

Behaviors are challenging to reconstruct for extinct species, particularly the nature and origins of acoustic communication. Here we unravel the song of Archaboilus musicus Gu, Engel and Ren sp. nov., a 165 million year old stridulating katydid. From the exceptionally preserved morphology of its stridulatory apparatus in the forewings and phylogenetic comparison with extant species, we reveal that A. musicus radiated pure-tone (musical) songs using a resonant mechanism tuned at a frequency of 6.4 kHz. Contrary to previous scenarios, musical songs were an early innovation, preceding the broad-bandwidth songs of extant katydids. Providing an accurate insight into paleoacoustic ecology, the low-frequency musical song of A. musicus was well-adapted to communication in the lightly cluttered environment of the mid-Jurassic forest produced by coniferous trees and giant ferns, suggesting that reptilian, amphibian, and mammalian insectivores could have also heard A. musicus' song.

10abiological asymmetry10abiomechanics10abushcricket10acall evolution10aTettigoniidae1 aGu, J.-J.1 aMontealegre-Zapata, Fernando1 aRobert, Daniel1 aEngel, M., S.1 aQiao, G.-X.1 aRen, D. uhttp://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1118372109