02213nas a2200241 4500008004100000245010200041210006900143300001200212490000700224520146900231653001101700653000901711653001701720653002101737653002501758653002601783653002501809653002601834653002101860100002701881700002201908856004101930 1997 eng d00aA New Examination of Echolocation Calls of Some Neotropical Bats (Emballonuridae and Mormoopidae)0 aNew Examination of Echolocation Calls of Some Neotropical Bats E a954-9630 v873 a

In northwestern Belize, two emballonurids Rhynchonycteris naso and Saccopteryx bilineata) and three mormoopids Pteronotus parnellii, P. davyi, and P. personatus) were examined acoustically with the Anabat II bat detector and associated analysis system. R. naso used calls consisting of a short constant frequency CF) at 47 kHz and concave downward frequency modulated FM) sweep to about 40 kHz with two strong harmonics. Echolocation sequences of S. bilineata revealed a paired cadence of calls. Both signals in a pair slowly increased in frequency, forming a quasi-CF QCF) component and terminated with a short, downward FM sweep. The initial call of a pair ranged from 44.5 to 46.6 kHz and the second ranged from 46.6 to 48.7 kHz. P. parnellii used a long CF call at 63.5 kHz, with a terminal downward FM sweep to about 54.5 kHz. P. davyi produced calls with an initial short CF at 68.1 kHz, a downward FM sweep, and a terminal short CF at 58.0 kHz. P. personatus emitted calls similar in shape to P. davyi, with the initial CF at 83.0 kHz and the terminal CF at about 68.0 kHz. Previous descriptions of echolocation calls for these species compare favorably with those obtained in this study, but the Anabat equipment generally revealed more variation and detail than previously described. The echolocation calls described in this study provide precise vocal signatures for the accurate identification of free-flying individuals of the species studied.

10aAnabat10abats10aecholocation10aPteronotus davyi10aPteronotus parnellii10aPteronotus personatus10aRhynchonycteris naso10aSaccopteryx bilineata10avocal signatures1 aO'Farrell, Michael, J.1 aMiller, Bruce, W. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/es/node/5805302640nas a2200385 4500008004100000245007700041210006900118300001000187490000700197520153100204653001101735653000901746653001501755653001701770653002401787653001901811653003001830653002201860653001701882653001801899653002201917653002201939653002401961653002301985653002202008653002302030653002602053653002602079653001402105653002102119100002702140700002202167700002402189856004102213 1999 eng d00aQualitative Identification of Free-flying Bats Using the Anabat Detector0 aQualitative Identification of Freeflying Bats Using the Anabat D a11-230 v803 a

A variety of ultrasonic bat detectors have been used over the past 3 decades to identify freeflying bats. Analyses of recorded echolocation calls were slow and typically restricted to few calls and at a resolution obscuring details of call structure. The Anabat II detector and associated zerocrossings analysis system allows an immediate examination, via a laptop computer, of the timefrequency structure of calls as they are detected. These calls can be stored on the hard drive for later examination, editing, and measurement. Many North American bats can be identified to species by qualitatively using certain structural characteristics of calls, primarily approximate maximum and minimum frequencies and morphological aspects of calls e.g., linearity and changes in slope). To identify calls precisely, it is important to use a continuous sequence of calls from an individual in normal flight rather than from single isolated calls. All calls are not equally useful, and many fragmentary calls must be discarded before making a determination. Each sequence of calls must be examined to ensure that multiple bats have not been simultaneously recorded, which confounds correct identification. We found the percentage of nonusable calls within usable vocal sequences to be highest in vespertilionids 20-40%), whereas for other families this was frequently <10%. Active rather than passive collection of data maximizes quality and quantity of diagnostic calls and provides a contextual base for the investigator.

10aAnabat10abats10aChiroptera10aecholocation10aEptesicus furinalis10aidentification10aLasionycteris noctivagans10aLasiurus cinereus10aLasiurus ega10aMolossus ater10aMolossus molossus10aMolossus sinaloae10aMyotis californicus10aMyotis ciliolabrum10aMyotis yumanensis10aNoctilio leporinus10aSaccopteryx bilineata10aTadarida brasiliensis10atechnique10avocal signatures1 aO'Farrell, Michael, J.1 aMiller, Bruce, W.1 aGannon, William, L. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/es/node/5805103163nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001300041245009800054210006900152260001600221300001400237490000800251520229700259653002702556653000902583653001402592653001602606653001802622653001702640653004202657653003802699653001802737653002102755100001802776700002502794856006602819 2017 eng d a0003347200aTo seek or speak? Dual function of an acoustic signal limits its versatility in communication0 aTo seek or speak Dual function of an acoustic signal limits its  cJan-05-2017 a135 - 1520 v1273 a

The perception of different attributes of conspecifics is an integral part of intraspecific communication. It can facilitate the recognition of interaction partners or the assessment of potential mates. Acoustic signals can encode fine-scaled information through the interplay of acoustic variability and specificity. A reliable vocal signature is both unique within a class and variable between classes. Therefore, acoustic complexity might be associated with the number of classes to be discriminated. We investigated the assumption that limitations to signal design may affect the communicative functionality of a signal. To do so, we chose a signal with potentially dual functionality which may therefore display such limitations. In bats, echolocation is used primarily for foraging and orientation but there is increasing support for its additional role in communication. An acoustic analysis of echolocation pulses of the bat Rhinolophus clivosus confirmed sex and individual vocal signatures in echolocation pulses. A habituation–dishabituation playback experiment suggested that bats perceived these signatures because listening bats clearly discriminated between the sexes (two classes) and between individuals (representatives of a multiclass category), although to different degrees. The simple acoustic structure of these vocalizations provides sufficient specificity for sex discrimination but has limitations for individual discrimination because pulse parameters of individuals increasingly overlapped with increasing group size. We conclude that selection for the primary function of echolocation restricts the acoustic space available for communication. However, we frequently observed echolocation pulses with conspicuous structural modifications. Statistical analyses revealed that these vocalizations yielded increased individual distinctiveness. Such added systematic variation may indicate a communicative function and perhaps a signalling intent of the emitter, although the latter has yet to be tested. The findings suggest that the required specificity for effective communication could be obtained through modification of echolocation variants when adaptations for orientation and foraging constrain the evolution of complex communication signatures.

10aacoustic communication10abats10aco-option10aconstraints10aeavesdropping10aecholocation10ahabituation–dishabituation playback10aindividual and sex discrimination10asignal design10avocal signatures1 aBastian, Anna1 aJacobs, David, Steve uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721730077503163nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001300041245009800054210006900152260001600221300001400237490000800251520229700259653002702556653000902583653001402592653001602606653001802622653001702640653004202657653003802699653001802737653002102755100001802776700002502794856006602819 2017 eng d a0003347200aTo seek or speak? Dual function of an acoustic signal limits its versatility in communication0 aTo seek or speak Dual function of an acoustic signal limits its  cJan-05-2017 a135 - 1520 v1273 a

The perception of different attributes of conspecifics is an integral part of intraspecific communication. It can facilitate the recognition of interaction partners or the assessment of potential mates. Acoustic signals can encode fine-scaled information through the interplay of acoustic variability and specificity. A reliable vocal signature is both unique within a class and variable between classes. Therefore, acoustic complexity might be associated with the number of classes to be discriminated. We investigated the assumption that limitations to signal design may affect the communicative functionality of a signal. To do so, we chose a signal with potentially dual functionality which may therefore display such limitations. In bats, echolocation is used primarily for foraging and orientation but there is increasing support for its additional role in communication. An acoustic analysis of echolocation pulses of the bat Rhinolophus clivosus confirmed sex and individual vocal signatures in echolocation pulses. A habituation–dishabituation playback experiment suggested that bats perceived these signatures because listening bats clearly discriminated between the sexes (two classes) and between individuals (representatives of a multiclass category), although to different degrees. The simple acoustic structure of these vocalizations provides sufficient specificity for sex discrimination but has limitations for individual discrimination because pulse parameters of individuals increasingly overlapped with increasing group size. We conclude that selection for the primary function of echolocation restricts the acoustic space available for communication. However, we frequently observed echolocation pulses with conspicuous structural modifications. Statistical analyses revealed that these vocalizations yielded increased individual distinctiveness. Such added systematic variation may indicate a communicative function and perhaps a signalling intent of the emitter, although the latter has yet to be tested. The findings suggest that the required specificity for effective communication could be obtained through modification of echolocation variants when adaptations for orientation and foraging constrain the evolution of complex communication signatures.

10aacoustic communication10abats10aco-option10aconstraints10aeavesdropping10aecholocation10ahabituation–dishabituation playback10aindividual and sex discrimination10asignal design10avocal signatures1 aBastian, Anna1 aJacobs, David, Steve uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347217300775