02118nas a2200193 4500008004100000022002500041245011100066210006900177260001600246300000900262520146700271100002501738700002501763700002001788700002001808700002601828700001801854856005201872 2022 eng d a0952-4622, 2165-058600aIn-air acoustic repertoire and associated behaviour of wild juvenile crabeater seals during rehabilitation0 aInair acoustic repertoire and associated behaviour of wild juven cAug-18-2022 a1-233 a

In-air sounds of pinnipeds are important for interactions with conspecifics and threat displays. However, little is known about the in-air acoustic repertoire and associated behaviour of crabeater seals Lobodon carcinophaga. We investigated the in-air acoustic repertoire and associated behaviour of two male and one female wild juvenile crabeater seals that beached separately, and were rehabilitated in Durban and Gqeberha, South Africa. In-air sounds were visually identified and categorised into five classes validated via random forest model classification: brief, intermediate, and long moan calls, croaks, and hisses. Hisses were common (n = 25,105 sounds from 136 hrs of acoustic recordings) and detected during heightened arousal states and interactions with animal care staff and a conspecific. Furthermore, hisses were also recorded in low arousal states during exhalation. Moan calls (n = 241) were only detected from two of the three seals. During rehabilitation, the female seal ceased producing moan calls and later produced a series of croaks (n = 204). Acoustic characteristics of in-air moan calls differed from published underwater moan calls according to duration, minimum, and maximum frequencies, and pulse repetition rate. Our study shows that the in-air acoustic repertoire and associated behaviour of these Antarctic seals are dynamic, vary inter-individually and are context dependent.

1 aShabangu, Fannie, W.1 aHofmeyr, G., J. Greg1 aProbert, Rachel1 aConnan, Maëlle1 aBuhrmann, Corrine, A.1 aGridley, Tess uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2022.210814501917nas a2200193 4500008004100000245011500041210006900156520126800225653002701493653001901520653003401539653001501573100001501588700001601603700001501619700002201634700002601656856004101682 2021 eng d00aDevelopment and test of a bat calls detection and classification method based on convolutional neural networks0 aDevelopment and test of a bat calls detection and classification3 a

Automated acoustic monitoring methods are frequently used to survey bat activity around wind turbines. The algorithms are often based on spectral features or threshold values of the recordings. Due to the generality of these features, a lot of recordings are noise, making manual analysis and labelling of the recordings time consuming. In this paper, we present an approach based on convolutional neural networks to detect and classify bat calls respectively. Recordings are converted to Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs), which are then fed as an image into the convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for classification. A dataset consisting of 43585 recordings gathered at 5 m height was used to train and test this method. An accuracy of 99.7% was achieved on a test set for the binary classification of noise and bat calls. For the species classification, this approach achieved an accuracy of 96%. Both networks, trained on data gathered at 5 m, were also tested on recordings gathered at heights of 33 m, 65 m and 95 m. In case of the binary classification task, the results showed an increased rate of misclassifications among noise recordings. For species classification, there was a higher amount of misclassifcations among all species.

10aBat echolocation calls10aclassification10aconvolutional neural networks10afield test1 aPaumen, Y.1 aMälzer, M.1 aAlipek, S.1 aMoll, Lüdtke, J.1 aSchauer-Weisshahn, H. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/es/node/5844101980nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245012100055210006900176260001600245300001100261520103700272653002701309653003201336653002301368653002001391653003101411653003001442100001401472700001701486700001701503700002301520700001801543700001701561856013601578 2018 eng d a0952-462200aA test of the matched filter hypothesis in two sympatric frogs, Chiromantis doriae and Feihyla vittata0 atest of the matched filter hypothesis in two sympatric frogs iCh cJan-06-2020 a1 - 153 a

The matched filter hypothesis proposes that the auditory sensitivity of receivers should match the spectral energy distribution of the senders’ signals. If so, receivers should be able to distinguish between species-specific and hetero-specific signals. We tested the matched filter hypothesis in two sympatric species, Chiromantis doriae and Feihyla vittata, whose calls exhibit similar frequency characters and that overlap in the breeding season and microenvironment. For both species, we recorded male calls and measured the auditory sensitivity of both sexes using the auditory brainstem response (ABR). We compared the auditory sensitivity with the spectral energy distribution of the calls of each species and found that (1) auditory sensitivity matched the signal spectrogram in C. doriae and F. vittata; (2) the concordance conformed better to the conspecific signal versus the hetero-specific signal. In addition, our results show that species differences are larger than sex differences for ABR audiograms.

10aacoustic communication10aauditory brainstem response10aChiromantis doriae10aFeihyla vittata10ainterspecific interference10amatched filter hypothesis1 aYang, Yue1 aZhu, Bicheng1 aWang, Jichao1 aBrauth, Steven, E.1 aTang, Yezhong1 aCui, Jianguo uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09524622.2018.1482786https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09524622.2018.148278602798nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245006300055210005900118260001600177300001300193490000600206520211400212653001702326653001102343653001602354653001802370653001502388653002102403100001702424700002502441700002102466856006902487 1996 eng d a0952-462200aTHE MECHANISM OF TUNING OF THE MOLE CRICKET SINGING BURROW0 aMECHANISM OF TUNING OF THE MOLE CRICKET SINGING BURROW cJan-01-1996 a81 - 1170 v73 a

1. Experimental and theoretical studies on the acoustics of the singing burrow of the mole cricket Gryllotalpa australis are reported.


2. The burrow typically consists of a bulb about 26 mm long and 20 mm in diameter, connected through a constriction of diameter about 10 mm to a flaring horn with length about 40 mm and equivalent mouth diameter about 34 mm. The mouth geometry of the burrow differs from one species to another, and the aperture may be either single, double or even multiple. The end of the bulb opposite the horn connects to a narrow exit tunnei of diameter about 8 mm and length up to 1 m. The singing cricket positions itself close to the constriction between the bulb and the horn and produces a song with a frequency around 2.5 kHz.


3. Measurements of sound pressure within the burrow when it is excited by an external sound source at the song frequency show a pressure minimum at the constriction and an amplitude and phase distribution that is consistent with resonance of the burrow at its second modal frequency. The burrow is approximately three-quarters of a wavelength long at this frequency. The same result is obtained when the burrow is excited by a dipole source located near the constriction.


4. Non-parametric model calculations confirm this conclusion and also give broad agreement with the measured response curves over a frequency range from about 1.5 to 5 kHz. The calculated curves indicate an additional resonance at about 1.2 kHz associated with the first mode of the burrow—the Helmholtz or Klipsch resonance—which is apparently not utilised by the insect. This detail is consistent with earlier measurements, and is also supported by measured responses reported here that show an increase in sound pressure with decreasing frequency below 2 kHz as predicted by the model.


5. The measured performance of the burrow is broadly consistent with the model. According to the model, the burrow geometry is close to optimal for maximal sound power radiation.

10abioacoustics10aburrow10aGryllotalpa10amole crickets10aresonators10asound production1 aDAWS, A., G.1 aBennet-Clark, H., C.1 aFLETCHER, N., H. uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09524622.1996.975332101786nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245020900055210006900264260001600333300001100349520094800360653001601308653001701324653002601341653001501367653001801382100002601400700001801426856013601444 2018 eng d a0952-462200aExtremely divergent song types in the genus Aerotegmina Hemp (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hexacentrinae) and the description of a new species from the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania (East Africa)0 aExtremely divergent song types in the genus iAerotegminai Hemp O cFeb-04-2018 a1 - 173 a

The genus Aerotegmina comprises a group of African canopy-dwelling, predatory bushcrickets (katydids) that is known for its inflated tegmina and the unusually loud and low-frequency calling song of its type species. Here, we describe the songs of another two species of the genus which are much larger than the type species and have an even lower peak frequency. In addition, small and large species differ in song structure. While the type species and closely related forms have a broad banded, multi-peak song with strong components in the audio and ultrasonic range, the species treated here have an extremely narrow banded, resonant song with a carrier frequency of 2 kHz. With Q-values above 100 these sounds belong to the purest songs ever recorded in Orthoptera. Besides describing songs, stridulatory organs and a new species we discuss the possible functions of the song type. A key to the species of Aerotegmina is provided.

10aAerotegmina10abioacoustics10aEastern Arc Mountains10aOrthoptera10aresonant song1 aHeller, Klaus-Gerhard1 aHemp, Claudia uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09524622.2018.1443284https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09524622.2018.144328401137nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245006200055210006000117260002000177300001400197490000600211520054400217653000600761653001100767653001900778653001400797653002400811100002500835856007100860 1999 eng d a0952-462200aWHICH QS TO CHOOSE: QUESTIONS OF QUALITY IN BIOACOUSTICS?0 aWHICH QS TO CHOOSE QUESTIONS OF QUALITY IN BIOACOUSTICS cFeb-04-20122001 a351 - 3590 v93 a

Two Q factors are in common use in bioacoustics: Q, the Quality Factor and Q10 dB. The usage, definitions and separate application of these two terms can be traced back for more than 30 years. The two terms provide different measurements of the sharpness of tuning of e.g. acoustic systems. The two terms have been used in separate contexts and they measure different things. In view of the confusion that arises from the shared use of the letter Q, it is important that whichever Q is used is defined clearly in all publications.

10aQ10aQ10 dB10aQuality factor10aresonance10asharpness of tuning1 aBennet-Clark, H., C. uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09524622.1999.975340800463nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245005800055210005800113260001600171300001400187490000700201100002200208700001800230856006900248 2003 eng d a0952-462200aHABITAT ACOUSTICS OF A NEOTROPICAL LOWLAND RAINFOREST0 aHABITAT ACOUSTICS OF A NEOTROPICAL LOWLAND RAINFOREST cJan-01-2003 a297 - 3210 v131 aEllinger, Norbert1 aHödl, Walter uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09524622.2003.975350300856nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245022800055210007100283260001600354300001100370100002700381700002100408700002400429700001900453700002600472700003300498700002400531700002400555856007100579 2017 eng d a0952-462200aDistinctive male–female acoustic duetting supports the specific status of Isophya fatrensis , a West-Carpathian endemic bush-cricket (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae)0 aDistinctive male–female acoustic duetting supports the specific  cNov-01-2018 a1 - 141 aIorgu, Ionuț, Ștefan1 aKrištín, Anton1 aSzövényi, Gergely1 aKaňuch, Peter1 aJarčuška, Benjamín1 aSahlean, Tiberiu, Constantin1 aIorgu, Elena, Iulia1 aOrci, Kirill, Márk uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09524622.2016.127200501003nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128300001000197490000600207520054100213100002600754700002000780856006900800 1993 eng d00aThe ultrasonic song of the moth Amyna natalis (Lepidoptera:Noctudidae: Acontiinae)0 aultrasonic song of the moth Amyna natalis LepidopteraNoctudidae  a89-970 v53 a

In Malaysia, males of the noctuid moth Amyna natalis were observed producing a continuous ultrasonic song of high intensity (about 102 dB SPL measured at a distance of 10cm). The frequency spectrum of the sound impulses had its peak between 60 and 80 kHz. During song production the animals were perching on plants and moving their wings up and down quickly. Simultaneously, by twisting the wings it seems likely that a male-specific “bubble'' in the forewing functions as a tymbal, resulting in sound production.

1 aHeller, Klaus-Gerhard1 aAchmann, Roland uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09524622.1993.975323101245nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245006600055210006500121260001600186300001400202490000700216520072400223100001800947700001900965700002200984856006901006 2008 eng d a0952-462200aSeewave, a free modular tool for sound analysis and synthesis0 aSeewave a free modular tool for sound analysis and synthesis cJan-01-2008 a213 - 2260 v183 a

We review Seewave, new software for analysing and synthesizing sounds. Seewave is free and works on a wide variety of operating systems as an extension of the R operating environment. Its current 67 functions allow the user to achieve time, amplitude and frequency analyses, to estimate quantitative differences between sounds, and to generate new sounds for playback experiments. Thanks to its implementation in the R environment, Seewave is fully modular. All functions can be combined for complex data acquisition and graphical output, they can be part of important scripts for batch processing and they can be modified ad libitum. New functions can also be written, making Seewave a truly open-source tool.

1 aSueur, Jerome1 aAubin, Thierry1 aSimonis, Caroline uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09524622.2008.975360002155nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210006900184260001600253300001200269490000700281520136500288653001701653653001301670653001901683653001701702653001501719100002601734700002001760700003201780700003301812856006801845 2014 eng d a0952-462200aUltrasonic reverse stridulation in the spider-like katydid Arachnoscelis (Orthoptera: Listrosceledinae)0 aUltrasonic reverse stridulation in the spiderlike katydid iArach cFeb-01-2014 a67 - 770 v233 a

This paper illustrates the biomechanics of sound production in the neotropical predaceous katydid Arachnoscelis arachnoides (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Described and previously known from only one male specimen, this genus of predaceous katydids resembles spiders in their general body appearance. To call distant females, male katydids produce songs by stridulation where one forewing possessing a sclerotized file rubs against a row of teeth (scraper) on the other wing. In most katydid species, the songs are produced during the wing-closing phase of the stridulation. Morphological comparative studies of the stridulatory apparatus of the type specimen of Arachnoscelis arachnoides and males of other closely related species suggest that this insect sings with a frequency of ca. 80 kHz to attract conspecific females. We found an abundant population of A. arachnoides in Central Northeast of Colombia and undertook a complete analysis of the biomechanics of stridulation in this species. Using ultrasound-sensitive equipment and high-speed video, we determined that male A. arachnoides sing at ca. 74 kHz and use elastic energy and wing deformation to reach such ultrasonic frequencies. In contrast to most katydids, males of this species produce their calls during the opening phase of the wing; this form of stridulation is discussed.

10abiomechanics10aColombia10aelastic energy10astridulation10aultrasound1 aChivers, Benedict, D.1 aJonsson, Thorin1 aCadena-Castaneda, Oscar, J.1 aMontealegre-Zapata, Fernando uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09524622.2013.816639