<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hall, Carrie L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Howard, Daniel R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smith, Rosemary J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mason, Andrew C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marking by elytral clip changes stridulatory characteristics and reduces reproduction in the American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Insect Conservation</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Insect Conserv</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bioacoustics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elytron clipping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marking technique</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nicrophorus americanus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stridulation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-02-2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10841-015-9755-8</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">155 - 162</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Some insects produce and use sound during multiple behaviors including many aspects of reproduction. Variation in call structure depends on the evolved mor- phological structures used to produce the sound and encode function. Beetles in the genus Nicrophorus produce strid- ulation by rubbing plectra, located on the ventral side of the elytra, against a pars stridens, located on the caudal end on the fourth and fifth abdominal segment in females and males, respectively. During field surveys for the endan- gered N. americanus, survey crews have historically used a small V-shaped notch cut in the caudal end of the right elytron to serves as a permanent marking method. No study, however, has examined the effect of this marking technique on the characters of stridulation or consequences&lt;br /&gt;
	for reproductive behavior and fitness. Here we show that one temporal and one spectral character of sound change significantly following elytron clipping, and that repro- ductive success is significantly decreased in all breedings in which a parent beetle is elytron-clipped. We recommend replacement of this marking technique with non-invasive methods to ensure conservation of this endangered species.&lt;/p&gt;
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